Theoretical Framework for Determination of Linear Structures in Multidimensional Geodynamic Data Arrays

The article addresses the issue of clustering of multidimensional data arrays with a noise using the methods of discrete mathematical analysis (DMA clustering). The theory of DMA clustering through the logical densities calculus is detailed, and the new algorithm Linear Discrete Perfect Sets (LDPS) is described. The main objective of the LDPS algorithm is to identify linearly stretched anomalies in a multidimensional array of geo-spatial data (geophysical fields, geochemistry, satellite images, local topography, maps of recent crustal movements, seismic monitoring data, etc.). These types of anomalies are associated with tectonic structures in the upper part of the Earth’s crust and pose the biggest threat for integrity of the isolation properties of the geological environment, including in regions of high-level radioactive waste disposal. The main advantage of the LDPS algorithm as compared to other cluster analysis algorithms that may be used in arrays with a noise is that it is more focused on searching for clusters that are linear. The LDPS algorithm can apply not only in the analysis of spatial natural objects and fields but also to elongated lineament structures.

LORA (Long Range) Based Low Power Emergency Tracking System in Disaster Areas

The communication network is one of the major assistances for disaster management purposes. At each disaster phase, the information flow between the disaster management departments and the population is critical, as it destroys the whole communication infrastructure where the base station to Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) connectivity is broken, power generators are exhausted, and the network may suffer from congestion. Even when radio equipment works, police officers, rescue teams, medical teams cannot communicate with each other because of incompatible radios. To analyze the characteristics of the geological environment in the disaster region and to alert the Disaster Management Department, this solution based on LoRa has been proposed. The penultimate goal of this paper is to fasten the rescue operations.

Geodynamic risks of developing rockburst-hazardous deposits in the Far Eastern region

Geodynamic activity of the Earth’s crust depends on the parameters of the movement of lithospheric plates and stress fields, both inherited in aseismic areas and modified in seismic active ones. Geomechanical processes occur in rock mass under the influence of various natural (endogenous and exogenous) and man-made (anthropogenic) factors. The degree of influence of these factors on the change in the energy saturation of blocks of various ranks will depend on various factors. In the geological environment of natural and man-made systems, there are dynamic phenomena of various energy levels from acoustic noise (microseismic) to rockburst and mining-induced earthquakes, that is, there is always a geodynamic risk in the geological environment of natural and man-made systems, especially in mining ones. The conditions of the geodynamic risks occurrence at specific deposits are considered on the example of rockburst hazardous deposits in the Far Eastern region of the Russian Federation. The influence of natural seismic activity on the realization of mining-induced seismicity is shown.

Geological and tectonic preconditions for hydraulic heterogeneity of the rocks in the area of the Gotse Delchev valley

Hydrogeological conditions largely depend on the permeability of the geological environment. In areas with complex geological and tectonic conditions, the detection of hydraulic heterogeneity of the rocks and determination of groundwater-rich zones is a challenge for hydrogeological practice. The aim of the study is to analyze the geological and tectonic prerequisites for hydraulic heterogeneity of the sediments for the Gotse Delchev valley (Southwestern Bulgaria), which predetermine the degree of their water productivity. In order to obtain more precise data for specific sites, a geophysical survey was conducted. The Self-Potential method was chosen, which is one of the most commonly used techniques for applications for hydrogeological purposes. The results of the geophysical survey carried out in selected sites allowed to locate groundwater-rich zones, to establish the depth of occurrence of hard low permeable rocks, as well as to confirm the presence of faults.

IDENTIFYING DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE IN METROPOLISES USING SYSTEM METHODOLOGY

Purpose: Determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by evaluating morphological models of car tunnels considering the impact on the ecological and technogenic safety of urbanized territories. Methodology: modified morphological analysis of geological environment, urbanized territories and transport infrastructure of sites in a metropolis, expert estimation method. Findings: a morphological model was tested as a tool set for determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects; inter-related morphological tables for geological environment and structural-functional factors of urbanized territories in a tunnel area were constructed; an estimation of models regarding development of underground infrastructure was conducted using the planned car tunnels in Kyiv as an example; the impact of tunnels on reducing the ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was justified, and the priority construction object was chosen according to these criteria. Originality: for the first time the reduction of ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was chosen as a goal function in morphological models for the development of underground transport infrastructure in metropolises; the systemic characteristics of urban territories were obtained that describe the favorability of the geological environment and structural-functional factors for car tunnel construction in center metropolis areas; an impact ratio was proposed for synthesizing morphological analysis results and determining the priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by influence on the ecological and technogenic risks. Practical implications: the created methodology and tool set for determining priorities of underground object construction at the pre-project stage, the opportunity to consider the ecological and technogenic risks of urban space development by consecutive construction of underground transport infrastructure objects and identifying an order for this sequence.

Airborne/UAV Multisensor Surveys Enhance the Geological Mapping and 3D Model of a Pseudo-Skarn Deposit in Ploumanac’h, French Brittany

Taking advantage of a multi-sensor (multispectral and magnetic) drone survey, we address the detailed geological mapping and modeling of a mineralization in its geological environment. We stress that these high-resolution data allow us to bridge the gap between field observations and a regional aeromagnetic survey. On the one hand, the combination of multispectral imagery with field geological observations enhances detailed geological mapping. On the other hand, the combination of field magnetic susceptibility measurement and their use in detailed to regional magnetic modeling, constrained respectively by UAV-borne and airborne magnetic surveys, allows deriving a model of the mineralization consistent across the scales. This is demonstrated in a case study in a complex polyphased magmatic-metamorphic environment on the coast of French Brittany. The target area hosts a pseudo-skarn mineralization, exhibiting an outstanding magnetic anomaly. The combination of remotely sensed and field data allows deriving a realistic conceptual and geometrical model of the magnetic mineralization in its geological environment, tightly constrained by field observations and measurements.

Geological environment evaluation of river valley slope projects based on remote sensing technology

The method to evaluate the geological environment of river valley slope projects has a small precision in determining the weight of geological environment evaluation index, which leads to a large error between the results of geological environment evaluation and the actual value of river valley slope projects. Therefore, the reverse research of the geological environment evaluation of river valley slope projects based on remote sensing technology is proposed. Remote sensing technology is used to build the projects’ geological environment evaluation framework of river valley slope, on this basis, the Delphi method is used to preliminarily determine the geological environment evaluation index, the cluster analysis is used to screen the evaluation index, the evaluation system of projects’ geological environment is constructed, the AHP method is used to calculate the evaluation index weight, and the corresponding remote sensing image number is obtained according to the projects’ geological environment evaluation system. According to the data, the corresponding software is used to preprocess it, and the remote sensing data of projects’ geological environment is obtained. The grey evaluation method is constructed based on AHP to realize the evaluation of geological environment of river valley slope projects. The experimental results show that compared with the existing methods, the evaluation error of the proposed method is smaller, which fully proves that the application performance of the proposed method is better.

Comparison of various lithology volumes building methods: a case study of the Bejil field

The Bejil field case study shows the comparison of 3D lithology volumes built by various methods, applied world-wide. A net-reservoir volume is an important and integral part of 3D geological models, which determines the oilnet pay part of the reservoir. The quality of the geological model directly affects the concept of the studied geological environment. Two lithology volume options are considered in detail. The first method, which is more popular in domestic applications, involves building a lithology volume directly based on logging data interpretations. The second method, which is more widespread internationally, involves building a volume of facies environments followed by distributing various lithotypes in a reservoir taking into account the facies structural features. As a result, we made allowance for the tasks and geological features of the field and chose the best modeling method.