The representativeness threshold for the CETA subcorpus of the Coruña Corpus

The concept of representativeness is the main distinguishing characteristic of specialised corpora in comparison to other sets of texts. The Coruña Corpus of English Scientific Writing currently comprises four published subcorpora (astronomy, life sciences, history, and philosophy) plus three others under compilation (physics, chemistry and linguistics). In this paper we aim to assess the lexical density of the text samples in CETA, the Corpus of English Texts on Astronomy, by means of the ReCor tool, a posteriori. The study is motivated by the following question: does quantitative representativeness analysis using ReCor provide, in the form of a cross-check, further validation of previous research on the representativeness of CETA? Previous work (Crespo and Moskowich, 2010) has indicated that the CETA corpus is well designed and valid for the purposes for which it was intended. We will here suggest metrics to measure these findings. The most important contribution of this study is to offer quantitative data collection results using the ReCor tool, which allows data triangulation and consequently ensures overall data quality. Results show that data analysis with the ReCor tool supports previous findings, and thus we are able to verify that CETA is indeed representative of the language of its time and register.

East Slavic Parallels and Singularities in the Trilingual Axiological Dictionary of Proverbs

The article presents an innovative concept of a comparative dictionary that allows to reflect the objective analysis of the similar and different aspects in axiologically oriented paremiological systems of the East Slavic languages. Comprehensive collected dictionaries that include tens of thousands of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian proverbs, found in handwritten and printed collections of the last four centuries, have been used for this research. The expediency of including not only paroemias denotatively correlated with basic universal values, but also other proverbs associated with the category of evaluation in the object of the dictionary linguo-axiological description is justified. Based on the material of one of these axiological dyads – fast / slow – the features of structuring the thematic headings of the axiological comparative dictionary of East Slavic proverbs are shown. The system of parameterization of the material based on the results of its structural-semantic, historical-etymological and comparative linguo-axiological analysis is viewed through the example of macro-entries. Based on the material of the considered paroemias, it was found out that the national distinguishing characteristic of East Slavic paroemias consists not in their axiological content but in the form of its expression. The prospects of using the proposed model of the dictionary description of paroemias and phraseological units in the practice of axiological lexicography are emphasized.

Canons, Airs Sérieux and Airs à Boire: A Study of the Contribution of the Eighteenth-Century French Composer and Copyist C. de La Serre.

<p>C. de La Serre was a composer, copyist and maître de musique. His known compositions are all airs sérieux and airs à boire, appearing in printed sources and manuscripts between 1716 and 1724. His individual collection, Recueil d’airs nouveaux sérieux et à boire (1724) provides the most complete picture of his achievements as a composer, as it exhibits the largest number of his songs in a single volume. Another side of La Serre’s musical activity is also considered in the present study, as it includes the examination of selections from the manuscript F-CECm/Ms. 282, of which he was the copyist. The distinguishing characteristic of this manuscript is its collection of canons, which may be the largest of its kind. La Serre’s own music is included in F-CECm/Ms. 282, along with airs by composers such as Jean-Baptiste de Bousset, François Couperin and Jean-Philippe Rameau. This thesis places canons, airs sérieux and airs à boire composed by La Serre and other prominent songwriters of the period within the social context of the French Regency, and the context of the genres at the beginning of the eighteenth century. The conventions of verse and music are also considered in relation to specific airs of the printed collection and the manuscript. A catalogue of La Serre’s Recueil d’airs nouveaux sérieux et à boire and the edited selections of F-CECm/Ms. 282 is also included. Volume II comprises a critical edition of La Serre’s 1724 collection and selections from the manuscript.</p>

Canons, Airs Sérieux and Airs à Boire: A Study of the Contribution of the Eighteenth-Century French Composer and Copyist C. de La Serre.

<p>C. de La Serre was a composer, copyist and maître de musique. His known compositions are all airs sérieux and airs à boire, appearing in printed sources and manuscripts between 1716 and 1724. His individual collection, Recueil d’airs nouveaux sérieux et à boire (1724) provides the most complete picture of his achievements as a composer, as it exhibits the largest number of his songs in a single volume. Another side of La Serre’s musical activity is also considered in the present study, as it includes the examination of selections from the manuscript F-CECm/Ms. 282, of which he was the copyist. The distinguishing characteristic of this manuscript is its collection of canons, which may be the largest of its kind. La Serre’s own music is included in F-CECm/Ms. 282, along with airs by composers such as Jean-Baptiste de Bousset, François Couperin and Jean-Philippe Rameau. This thesis places canons, airs sérieux and airs à boire composed by La Serre and other prominent songwriters of the period within the social context of the French Regency, and the context of the genres at the beginning of the eighteenth century. The conventions of verse and music are also considered in relation to specific airs of the printed collection and the manuscript. A catalogue of La Serre’s Recueil d’airs nouveaux sérieux et à boire and the edited selections of F-CECm/Ms. 282 is also included. Volume II comprises a critical edition of La Serre’s 1724 collection and selections from the manuscript.</p>

Finely dispersed salt particles morphometric properties obtained by carnallite solutions spray drying

Currently, there is no consensus on the salt caves aero ionic environment effects mechanism on the human body, however, there is physiotherapy a separate type, based on such exposure health-improving effect, known as speleotherapy. To recreate the salt cave environment aero ionic composition, a halo chamber is used. To reduce their cost, recreating the air environment methods by contacting flowing air means with carnallite rock finely dispersed powder and dry and wet aerosols generators have been developed. When implementing these methods, both the powder obtained directly by crushing the rock and the powder obtained by salt solutions evaporation drying can be used. The study aim is to reveal finely dispersed salt particles morphometric properties obtained by carnallite solutions spray drying based on different dispersion raw materials. It has been established fine salt particles those morphometric properties obtained by spray drying of carnallite solutions based on different dispersion raw materials differ in average size, sphericity factor, topography character and chemical composition. Particles formed by solution evaporation on the macro disperse raw materials (3-5 mm) basis have larger size, smaller fractional range, more compact shape and relief characterized by multifractality. At the same time, solution-based particles from macro disperse raw materials contain more impurities. Particles a distinguishing characteristic from solution-based lumpy raw materials is the potassium cluster distribution on the surface.

The Distinguishing Characteristic of Task-based Language Assessment

Since its advent, the principles of Task-Based Language Teaching have been extended to assessment giving rise to Task-Based Language Assessment. Despite the growing body of research on the efficacy of Task-Based Language Teaching in instruction, the application of the assessment based on the tenets of Task-Based Language Teaching has been mainly neglected in some studies owing to their lack of use of Task-Based Language Assessment to measure the effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (viz., Li, et al., 2016). The present study emphasizes the importance of Task-Based Language Assessment and highlights the feature that distinguishes this type of assessment from other assessments. The study concludes that while the performance-referenced feature of Task-Based Language Assessment is an essential characteristic thereof, it is, in fact, the holistic and direct feature of Task-Based Language Assessment that distinguishes it from other assessments. The more the assessment measure is incorporated in the performance of assessment tasks, the more the assessment tasks are based on the tenets of Task-Based Language Assessment. Therefore, the holistic and contextualized assessment tasks improve the confidence with which language teachers could generalize the results of the assessment tasks to real-life situations.

Merge-and-Shrink: A Compositional Theory of Transformations of Factored Transition Systems

The merge-and-shrink framework has been introduced as a general approach for defining abstractions of large state spaces arising in domain-independent planning and related areas. The distinguishing characteristic of the merge-and-shrink approach is that it operates directly on the factored representation of state spaces, repeatedly modifying this representation through transformations such as shrinking (abstracting a factor of the representation), merging (combining two factors), label reduction (abstracting the way in which different factors interact), and pruning (removing states or transitions of a factor). We provide a novel view of the merge-and-shrink framework as a “toolbox” or “algebra” of transformations on factored transition systems, with the construction of abstractions as only one possible application. For each transformation, we study desirable properties such as conservativeness (overapproximating the original transition system), inducedness (absence of spurious states and transitions), and refinability (reconstruction of paths in the original transition system from the transformed one). We provide the first complete characterizations of the conditions under which these desirable properties can be achieved. We also provide the first full formal account of factored mappings, the mechanism used within the merge-and-shrink framework to establish the relationship between states in the original and transformed factored transition system. Unlike earlier attempts to develop a theory for merge-and-shrink, our approach is fully compositional: the properties of a sequence of transformations can be entirely understood by the properties of the individual transformations involved. This aspect is key to the use of merge-and-shrink as a general toolbox for transforming factored transition systems. New transformations can easily be added to our theory, with compositionality taking care of the seamless integration with the existing components. Similarly, new properties of transformations can be integrated into the theory by showing their compositionality and studying under which conditions they are satisfied by the building blocks of merge-and-shrink.

Competing and Interfering Conflict: Insights from Decision-Making Tasks

Cognitive control, the most distinguishing characteristic of human behavior, is typically studied by conflict paradigms, in which conflicts are induced by goal-irrelevant stimuli (interfering conflict). We argue that competing conflict, where all stimuli need to be processed, is more basic and can also be measured using a decision-making task. In the current study, participants completed modified versions of the backward masking majority function task and the Flanker task to compare the two types of conflict in several dimensions, including reaction and resolving time, effects related to cognitive control (conflict adaption and error-related slowing), inter-stimuli distance, and uncertainty of the location. The results of these comparisons illustrate the unity and diversity of these two types of conflict. The potential application of the computational model in competing conflict is also discussed. The results will not only deepen our understanding of cognitive control and decision-making but also contribute to other areas like artificial intelligence.

INFLACIÓN QUE PAUPERIZA EL PODER ADQUISITIVO (DERECHO AL SUBSIDIO) INFLATION THAT PAUPERIZES PURCHASING POWER (RIGHT TO SUBSIDY)

Resumen: En esta era globalizada parece ser que la pobreza y la segregación son el signo distintivo de la vida diaria. Podría pensarse que en la era digital y de la información todos los seres humanos del orbe tendríamos acceso a mejores y mayores oportunidades, pero eso no es así debido a que el valor adquisitivo del dinero se ve amenazado por el constante aumento de los precios.La paradoja es que volverse pobre sale caro porque significa tener menos oportunidades para acceder a un mejor nivel de vida. ¿Qué significa el hecho de tener un buen nivel de vida? Simple y llanamente todo aquello que permite satisfacer las necesidades básicas de las personas. ¿Ser pobre se refiere a lo estrictamente monetario? O ¿Hay otras cuestiones que también deben de considerarse como parámetros para medir los niveles de pobreza?¿No acaso nos empobrecen en nuestra salud con la calidad del aire que respiramos actualmente? ¿La comida chatarra –alimento carente de nutrientes- que nos venden en los OXXO’s –y que proliferan como hongos por todas partes- no nos hacen más vulnerables a ser obesos y por ende más pobres en nuestra salud?Es más, podemos hablar de la pobreza que tenemos con relación al tiempo del que disponemos o en relación con la generación de tecnología. Hace veinte años se empezó a utilizar el famoso horario de verano que en nada beneficia a la salud del ser humano además de que disponen de nuestro tiempo. ¿No es el tiempo propiedad de cada ser humano? Y si el tiempo es propiedad de cada ser humano ¿Con qué Derecho nos quitan una hora diaria durante siete meses al año?Muchas son las cuestiones que deben replantearse en torno a los conceptos de la pobreza y no pensar en términos estrictamente monetarios. Por ejemplo, es cierto que ser pobre en salud repercute en tener que utilizar más recursos monetarios en medicinas y médicos para mantener a esta última.Por último, la escasez más peligrosa es aquélla que se traduce en la falta de conocimientos que nos ayuden a generar riqueza para la sociedad y para las personas de manera individual.Abstrac: In this globalized age it seems that poverty and segregation are the distinguishing characteristic of daily life. It could be thought that in the digital and information age all human beings in the world would have access to better and greater opportunities, but that is not the reality because the purchasing power of mammon is threatened by the constant increase in prices.The paradox is that becoming poor is expensive because it means having fewer opportunities to access a better standard of living. What does it mean to have a good standard of living? Simple and plainly everything that allows satisfying the basic needs of the people. Is being poor strictly monetary? O Are there other issues that should also be considered as parameters to measure poverty levels?Are we not being impoverished in our health with the quality of the air we currently breathe? Doesn't the junk food -food lacking in nutrients- that they sell us in the OXXO’s –and that proliferate like mushrooms everywhere- make us more vulnerable to being obese and therefore poorer in our health?Furthermore, we can talk about the poverty we have in relation to the time we have or in relation to the generation of technology. Twenty years ago, the famous summertime began to be used, which does not benefit human health in any way other than that they dispose of our time. Isn't time the property of every human being? And if time is the property of each human being, with what right do they take away an hour a day for seven months a year?There are many questions that must be rethought around the concepts of poverty and not think in strictly monetary terms. For example, it is true that being poor in health has an impact on having to use more monetary resources on medicines and doctors to support the latter.Finally, the most dangerous scarcity is that which translates into a lack of knowledge that helps us generate wealth for society and for people individually.