Who Is Responsible for Cybersecurity?

The question “Who is responsible for cybersecurity?” addresses how cyber risk prevention and resilience is not a one-person show: it takes a village to reduce organizational cyber risk. A case study opens the chapter by examining the immense hack of Equifax and the company’s poor cyber leadership during and after the data breach. It details the importance of strong leadership and educates readers on achieving accountable leadership for cyber risk. Afterward, it teaches readers about an organization’s enterprise information security policy and outlines the components of a cybersecurity culture. Topics include transparency, accountability, appropriate system knowledge, compliance with policy and procedure, and formal communication channels. The chapter guides executives in budgeting and allocating resources to cyber risk management and explains third-party agreements for cyber risk. It also details the importance of cyber talent management. The chapter concludes with Rosenbach’s Embedded Endurance strategy experience with cyber risk leadership at the U.S. Department of Défense.

An Exploratory Analysis of the Role of Higher Educationin Developing Knowledge Economy in Pakistan

Knowledge is the key for growth and development of any country. Historically, only those countries succeeded and advanced which based their economies on knowledge. Higher education authorities in Pakistan are trying to promote the notion of knowledge economy in the country. This paper provides an exploratory analysis of various factors and indicators which disclose relationship between the higher education products and economic indicators of the country. There are four main pillars of knowledge economy i.e. education and training, information infrastructure, economic incentive &institutional regime, and innovation systems. Progress on different economic indicators is analyzed and concluded that investment in higher education is not supporting a shift in the nature of economy in Pakistan. Spontaneous and temporary steps may further deteriorate the situation. The paper urges on an overall restructuring of higher education policy and procedure of its implementation in contemporary economic and financial scenario of the country and globe.

Weaving Diversity into LIS Instruction: Equity Behaviors to Create the Tapestry of Inclusive Library Practice

Libraries should be inclusive spaces for all patrons. It is imperative today’s librarians are equipped to infuse diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) theory with best practice when establishing policy and procedure. Library preparation programs must prepare the next generation of librarians to meet the needs of a diverse population, however, there are no established protocols in LIS education for training pre-service librarians in DEI. This exploratory study examines how one class used a culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) framework to study issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in library services. Findings suggest LIS students who interrogate their own bias and integrate thoughtful equity behaviors adopt greater empathy and DEI strategies

Does civil servant teachers’ job satisfaction influence their absenteeism?

<span>The present research aimed at investigating the direct effect of civil servant teacher job satisfaction on their absenteeism. Quantitative approach with survey method was employed. The sample involved was 198 civil servant teachers from public senior high schools in Bekasi, West Java, Indonesia. The result signified that t_count &lt; t_table (-2.84&lt;-1.97) leading to the acceptance of H₀ and the rejection of H₁. This explicitly stated that civil servant job satisfaction has a negative direct effect on their absenteeism. For job satisfaction predictors, positive attitude places the highest position followed by comfort in work and certainty in work. While the highest predictors of absenteeism from the highest to the lowest are: punctual task completion failure, absenteeism style, and no explanation absence. The study is predicted to provide recommendation for schools to promote teacher job satisfaction and suppress their absenteeism rate. Providing comfort and creating positive working atmosphere for teachers either has significant consequence to endeavor job satisfaction promotion and absenteeism rate decrease. Besides, leaders and school management board assertiveness in the mechanism of decreasing absenteeism is unarguably decisive to create fairness in policy and procedure obedience.</span>

Street checks and carding: an exploration of a sergeant’s capacity to achieve policy conformance from frontline police officers

This study aims to fill a void in the extant policy implementation literature that has overlooked the contribution of sergeants to the successful adoption of policy decisions at the frontlines. By focusing on the Regulated Interactions Policy of the Toronto Police Service and adopting a sociological institutionalism perspective, 17 sergeants representing each of the 17 divisions of the Toronto Police Service were interviewed. This research does not aim to assess the efficacy of this policy, but rather, examines its implementation. The findings show that there are a number of perceived internal and external factors that operate to facilitate or hinder a sergeant’s capacity to achieve policy conformance in a police organization in general, and to the Regulated Interactions Policy in particular. Further, these perceived factors are contextualized across the police organization. Prevalent external factors include media portrayals of the police, civilian oversight, perceived levels of respect, and relationship between the police and citizens. Dominant internal factors include supervision, internal discipline, policy and procedure, and top-down command. The findings also demonstrate the methods used by sergeants to positively influence the conformance of frontline officers in a police organization in general, and to the Regulated Interactions Policy in particular. Key methods include communication and translation, rewarding, disciplining, and being present. The findings have three broad implications. First, police officers employ a ‘logic of legitimacy’ to make conformance choices that are perceived to promote individual and organizational legitimacy by improving police relations or avoiding discipline. Second, sergeants achieve conformance from frontline officers by blending the payoffs of an authoritative approach and a supportive approach. Third, the perspective held by police officers of the state of police-citizen interaction is one that is reactive.

Street checks and carding: an exploration of a sergeant’s capacity to achieve policy conformance from frontline police officers

This study aims to fill a void in the extant policy implementation literature that has overlooked the contribution of sergeants to the successful adoption of policy decisions at the frontlines. By focusing on the Regulated Interactions Policy of the Toronto Police Service and adopting a sociological institutionalism perspective, 17 sergeants representing each of the 17 divisions of the Toronto Police Service were interviewed. This research does not aim to assess the efficacy of this policy, but rather, examines its implementation. The findings show that there are a number of perceived internal and external factors that operate to facilitate or hinder a sergeant’s capacity to achieve policy conformance in a police organization in general, and to the Regulated Interactions Policy in particular. Further, these perceived factors are contextualized across the police organization. Prevalent external factors include media portrayals of the police, civilian oversight, perceived levels of respect, and relationship between the police and citizens. Dominant internal factors include supervision, internal discipline, policy and procedure, and top-down command. The findings also demonstrate the methods used by sergeants to positively influence the conformance of frontline officers in a police organization in general, and to the Regulated Interactions Policy in particular. Key methods include communication and translation, rewarding, disciplining, and being present. The findings have three broad implications. First, police officers employ a ‘logic of legitimacy’ to make conformance choices that are perceived to promote individual and organizational legitimacy by improving police relations or avoiding discipline. Second, sergeants achieve conformance from frontline officers by blending the payoffs of an authoritative approach and a supportive approach. Third, the perspective held by police officers of the state of police-citizen interaction is one that is reactive.

Assessment of precautionary measures against COVID-19 in Indonesian workplaces

As the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic spread across Indonesia, the precautionary measures have been taken by nearly all stakeholders, including industries and employers. The purpose of this study is to assess the measures took against COVID-19 pandemic in the workplaces across the country. This research involved participants from 103 different companies using a questionnaire adapted from Better Work Indonesia (BWI), occupational safety and health association (OSHA) and centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) COVID-19 guidelines. The data analysis conducted with descriptive statistics that resulted with the following key findings. Indonesian companies have taken precautionary measures against COVID-19 at their workplace. Most aspects of COVID-19 preventive measures: policy and procedure, operational aspect, health and safety, and external activities have been observed by the vast majority of the subjects. This study found that among 30 COVID-19 programs, the emergency exercise at work was the only one that had not been conducted by more than half of respondents. As the number of active cases still growing at the time this study conducted, all precautionary measures against COVID-19 shall be carried out with consistency by the company management).

Examining the Relationship between Information Security Effectiveness and Information Security Threats

Information is the most critical asset of any organizations and business. It is considered as the lifeblood of the organization or business. Because of its importance, information needs to be protected and safeguarded from any forms of threats and this is termed as information security. Information security policy and procedure has been regarded as one of the most important controls and measures for information security. A well-developed information security policy and procedure will ensure that information is kept safe form any harms and threats. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between information security policy effectiveness and information security threats. 292 federal government agencies were surveyed in terms of their and information security practices and the threats that they had experienced. Based on the collected, an analysis using partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was performed and the results showed that there is a significant relationship between information security policy effectiveness and information security threats. The finding provides empirical evidence on the importance of developing an effective information security policy and procedure.

Fraud in higher education: a system for detection and prevention

Purpose Academic corruption and fraudulent practices have become problematic in recent years. Governments around the world have introduced dedicated higher education commissions to regulate higher education providers. The purpose of this paper is to design a system for the detection and prevention framework of fraudulent behaviour in higher education. Design/methodology/approach This paper performs a survey on academic misconduct practices and expands the survey by analysing the accreditation process. This study further identifies common corrupt practices in the accreditation process with reference to particular accreditation standards or laws. If the accreditation process is as thorough as, this paper is led to believe, a higher institute may stop being compliant immediately after the accreditation process. playing a catch-me-if-you-can at the next accreditation cycle. The survey of the accreditation process and identification of corrupt practices lead to an identification of preventative and detective measures. Findings The review of accreditation procedures and conditions identifies that fraudulent practices can occur at every part of any policy and procedure. The framework prevents repudiation and allows for spontaneous investigations internally and externally. The blockchain prevented changes to the system and allow for auditing of changes. A system such as this could suppress accreditation fraud and minimise its corrupt impact. Not to mention identify with relative ease the severity and life of corrupt practice. Originality/value Contributions are made in the framework for detecting and preventing corrupt practices in Higher Education using blockchain immutable transactions. This enables real-time accreditation compliance checks and monitoring of conditions. External complaints or reviews can be conducted with minimum interactions from higher education providers.