Holistic Approach to R&D Products’ Evaluation for Commercialization under Open Innovations

A holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization under open innovations is developed. The approach is tested on the example of the device of the interferometric determination of the refractive index of crystalline materials in the optical range. The proposed approach will allow setting a price that will satisfy all the parties of a transfer agreement with a higher level of accuracy and will meet market requirements. Unlike popular methods of evaluating the R&D product, a holistic approach will, on the one hand, be based on the actual costs and the break-even level of a R&D product and, on the other hand, will determine how much the consumer is receptive to a R&D product, and, then again, will show how the added value of the product will develop under the influence of market effects. It is noted that the application of a holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization should be supplemented by assessing the willingness of potential customers to purchase this R&D product at a specific price. It is proved that the proposed holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization is multifunctional. The approach can be applied to different types of economic activity, R&D products, and types of markets. The obtained prices based on the application of a holistic approach to R&D products’ evaluation for commercialization and the results of marketing research of the interferometry market testified to potential prospects of the commercialization of a R&D product of the interferometric determination of the refractive index of crystalline materials in the optical range and its long-term competitiveness. Based on the results, the key provisions of the concept of providing competitive benefits for the period of implementation of the analyzed R&D product are identified. Taking into account fundamental elements of the open innovation paradigm underpins the authors’ holistic approach.

Abundances of Elements Lighter than Scandium in the Atmosphere of the Standard Giant Star α Sex (HD 87887, A0 III)

The abundances of elements lighter than scandium in the atmosphere of the A0 III giant, α Sex, are derived using archival ultraviolet and optical spectra. Most of the strongest lines present in the far-ultraviolet spectrum of α Sex can be attributed to chemical elements lighter than calcium. The synthesis of selected lines in the optical and ultraviolet yields new abundances, in particular for elements which have few lines in the optical range. Helium, oxygen, silicon and sulfur are found to have solar abundances, most other elements are underabundant. Aluminium may be marginally overabundant. The lines of chlorine are probably present in the FUV but they are too blended to derive the abundance of chlorine.

Influence of different types of solvents on morphology, optical and conductive properties of PCBM films

The article deals with the influence of various types of solvents on the spectral characteristics and conductive properties of films [6,6]-methyl phenyl-C61-butyric acid, precipitated from solutions. It is clearly shown that the effect of the nature of the solvent affects the morphology of the film surface. Analysis of the spectra of the optical range showed the presence of a maximum of the absorption coefficient in the frequency range of 340-490 nm. The calculation of the optical bandgap clearly demonstrates the possibility of modernizing the atomic structure of films by using various types of solvents. A study of the current-voltage characteristics showed the presence of a photocurrent in carbon films deposited with dichloromethane, toluene, and chloroform.

Reforestication analysis using temporal NDVI and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 polarimetric data

The article presents the results of assessing the restoration of a pine forest on a test site in the vicinity of Ulan-Ude after the 2003 fire and reforestation work. The studies were carried out on the basis of the full polarimetric information of the L-band ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 from 2017–2019. and NDVI indices based on the optical range of Resurs-P and Landsat 1995–2021. The results of the polarimetric decomposition of the H-F-a-classification indicate significant differences between the test and reference forest areas. Studies of long-term seasonal fluctuations of the NDVI for the test site revealed differences in the rate of recovery of multi-seasonal tracks to the pre-fire level and the level of the reference forest areas.

Development and use of feature models of anthropogenic objects in thematic processing of space imagery

The article describes the problem of automated recognition of the anthropogenic elements of landscape. The recognition is based on the aerospace data in the optical range of the spectrum and a feature model of an object, consisting of the geometric and reflectance characteristics. Using this model, we formed training samples for a convolutional neural network. There is a real example of the practical implementation of the model in identification of the aviation objects.

Technologies for environmental monitoring of the city

IoT technologies in the Big Data concept can radically change approaches in agricultural practices, but it is necessary to work out methods of processing and interpreting information that can be effective in crop practice. Since the dimensions of plants are too small for satellite imagery, the development of technologies can be done on trees whose dimensions are sufficient for their identification in satellite imagery. The purpose of the work is to identify and assess the condition of plantations, in particular trees, with the determination of their positioning on satellite images of megacities. Digital photographs created by optical and infrared lenses of the Obolonskyi district of Kyiv were used for the research. It was found that in the optical range for objects under direct sunlight, plant identification is possible, while shaded areas are identified with significant errors. When using the index for IR shooting IRtree = C1 - C2 + 100 it was possible to identify individual ranges that belong to the crown of trees and grass in direct sunlight and to some extent in the shade, which could not be achieved with the index for optical range GBtree = G - B + 100. Monochrome infrared and optical images were not suitable for plant identification, because when objects were in the shadow of buildings, the ranges of intensity of the color components of plants were superimposed on the ranges of foreign objects. For infrared and optical satellite images, spectral indices have been proposed that take into account several color components to assess the condition of plantations. For tree crowns under direct sunlight, approximately the same results were obtained for the proposed indices. However, the indices proposed for infrared photography are more selective, as they were able to identify separately the crowns of trees and plants on lawns, both in direct sunlight and in the shade of buildings.

The discharge initiation in vacuum gap by moderate intensity optical range radiation

The hypothesis of discharge initiation in vacuum gap by optical range radiation based on previously obtained experimental data. During the laser pulse interaction with electrode erosion products the glow discharge has ignited. In result of ioniza-tion-overheating instability the discharge has had current channel contraction and has transferred to arc. The dependences of material of target thermo dynamical parameters on the minimal and threshold laser pulse energy have demonstrated. The threshold laser pulse energy – the energy which enough to effective impact on the laser plasma.