Establishment of optimal terms and methods for growing seed fruits of the new line LZ-2513 squash in the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan

Изучение кабачка (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) в природно-климатических условиях Узбекистана и совершенствование технологии выращивания семенных плодов – важное направление селекционной работы по обогащению сортимента овощных культур и организации семеноводства этой культуры. Цель исследований: установить оптимальные сроки высева семян и посадки рассады перспективной линии короткоплетистой формы кабачка LZ-2513 при весеннем сроке выращивания на семенные цели. Исследования проводили в 2016 и 2019 годах на экспериментальном участке Научно-исследовательского института овощебахчевых культур и картофеля Республики Узбекистан (Ташкентский район Ташкентской области). Климат региона схож с условиями большинства овощеводческих хозяйств, расположенных в равнинной центральной части Узбекистана. Почвы опытного участка – типичные суглинки, окультуренные, влагоемкие, глубина залегания грунтовых вод – более 6–7 м, количество гумуса в почве – 0,641–0,943%, азота – 0,072–0,121%, фосфора – 0,130–0,171% и калия – 1,627–2,206%. Погодные условия 2016 и 2019 годов были благоприятными для роста и развития кабачка, за исключением засушливого июля и августа, в течение которых недостаток влаги компенсировали поливами. Испытаны четыре весенних срока посева и посадки рассады (в 2016 году – 3 апреля, 12 апреля, 20 апреля и 1 мая; в 2019 году – 1 апреля, 10 апреля, 21 апреля и 30 апреля). Делянки двухрядковые, длиной 10 м, схема размещения (140+70)/2×50 см. Площадь учетной делянки 21,0 м2. На каждой делянке размещались по 40 растений, повторность опыта четырехкратная. Установлено, что в условиях Ташкентской области Узбекистана наибольший выход семян из плодов у линии LZ-2513 был при выращивании кабачка рассадным способом в первой декаде апреля (в начале I и II декады апреля), а при безрассадной культуре – при посеве семян в начале апреля, что связано с наиболее благоприятными температурными условиями для культуры кабачка. The study of squash (Cucurbita pepo var. giraumontia) in the natural and climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and the improvement of the technology of growing seed fruits is an important direction of breeding work is to enrich the assortment of vegetable crops and the organization of seed production of this crop. The purpose of the research: to establish the optimal timing of sowing seeds and planting seedlings of a promising line of short-leafed squash LZ-2513 at the spring period of cultivation for seed purposes. The research was carried out in 2016 and 2019 at the experimental site of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable and melon crops and Potato of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Tashkent district of the Tashkent region). The climate of the region is similar to the conditions of most vegetable farms located in the flat central part of Uzbekistan. The soils of the experimental site are typical loams, cultivated, moisture-intensive, the depth of groundwater is more than 6–7 meters, the amount of humus in the soil is 0.641–0.943%, nitrogen – 0.072–0.121%, phosphorus – 0.130–0.171% and potassium – 1.627–2.206%. Weather conditions in 2016 and 2019 were favorable for the growth and development of squash, with the exception of dry July and August, during which the lack of moisture was compensated by watering. 4 spring sowing and planting dates have been tested (in 2016 – April 3, April 12, April 20 and May 1; in 2019 – April 1, April 10, April 21 and April 30). Two-row plots, 10 m long, layout (140+70)/2×50 cm. The area of the accounting plot is 21.0 m2. 40 plants were placed on each plot, the repetition of the experiment was fourfold. It was found that in the conditions of the Tashkent region of Uzbekistan, the highest yield of seeds from fruits of the LZ-2513 line was established when squash was grown by seedling method in the first decade of April (at the beginning of the first and second decade of April), and with seedless culture – when sowing seeds in early April, which is associated with the most favorable temperature conditions for squash culture.

Statistical analysis reveals the onset of synchrony in sparse swarms of Photinus knulli fireflies

Flash synchrony within firefly swarms is an elegant but elusive manifestation of collective animal behaviour. It has been observed, and sometimes demonstrated, in a few populations across the world, but exactly which species are capable of large-scale synchronization remains unclear, especially in low-density swarms. The underlying question which we address here is: how does one qualify a collective flashing display as synchronous, given that the only information available is the time and location of flashes? We propose different statistical approaches and apply them to high-resolution stereoscopic video recordings of the collective flashing of Photinus knulli fireflies, hence establishing the occurrence of synchrony in this species. These results substantiate detailed visual observations published in the early 1980s and made at the same experimental site: Peña Blanca Canyon, Coronado National Forest, Arizona, USA. We also remark that P. knulli's collective flashing patterns mirror that observed in Photinus carolinus fireflies in the Eastern United States, consisting of synchronous flashes in periodic bursts with rapid accretion and quick decay.

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Mustard Under Irrigated Conditions in Agra District

The present field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm of RBS College, Bichpuri Agra, during Rabi season of 2018-19. The soil of the experimental site is Gangetic alluvial. The experimental was laid out in RBD factorial having 3 main treatment (N level) and 4 sub treatments (P2O5 level) with 3 replications. All growth and yield attributing character increase with application of N @ 120 Kg-1 and P2O5 @ 60 kg-1. All the yield components i.e., number of siliquae plant-1, length of siliqua and number of seeds siliqua-1 improved with the increase in the level of nitrogen. Higher value of harvest index was associated with the application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Seed yield increased appreciably with every additional increase in the level of nitrogen. Respectively 26.85 and 40.05 per cent higher seed yield ha-1 was obtained with the application of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 nitrogen as compared to 40 kg ha-1 .

Evaluation of the herbicide efficiency on soybean crops

Purpose. To study the effectiveness of soybean weed control systems. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It was investigated that the use of Pari herbicide in addition to the impact on weed plants as a result of their direct contact with the product also has a noticeable soil effect, and therefore treatment with a rate of 1.0 l/ha was effective in controlling 88.4% of seedlings weeds. The product showed high selectivity in terms of destruction of both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species presented in the experimental site. However, the application of Pari twice with a consumption rate of 0.3 l/ha and on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha proved to be less effective and 79.0% of weeds died under this scheme. This is most likely due to the difficulty of applying small amounts of the product, in addition, re-application required a second pass of the sprayer, which means that part of the lines lost the protective soil film of the herbicide. We determined the best parameters of plant height in the control treatment, but the indicators of weed control, regardless of the phase of the experiment, were the worst. In addition, in the case of herbicide applications, we obtained values close to the control with slight differences in plant height, which may be due to experimental error. Conclusions. It was determined that the herbicide Pulsar 40 proved to be the most effective in the experiment, so with the application of 0.3 l/ha and on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha, 86.9% of weeds common in soybean crops died. Among herbicides with a combined seed and soil action, Pari and Fabian were effective in applying them once at a full rate. Fabian herbicide was milder than cultivated plants due to the combined active ingredients and lower dose of imazethapyr compared to Pari herbicide. Therefore, the application of 0.1 kg/ha of Fabian yields 3.11 t/ha of soybean seeds. With the use of exclusively germinating preparations, the application of Pulsar 40 at a dose of 0.3 l/ha on the fourth day + 0.4 l/ha was effective, which allowed to form 3.08 t/ha of soy quenching.

Dark matter, supernova neutrinos and other backgrounds in direct dark matter searches. The ANDES laboratory prospects

Dark Matter particles can be detected directly via their elastic scattering with nuclei. Next generation experiments can eventually find physical evidences about dark matter candidates. With this motivation in mind, we have calculated the expected signals of dark matter particles in xenon detectors. The calculations were performed by considering different masses and parameters within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Since the detectors can also detect neutrinos, we have analyzed the supernova neutrino signal including a sterile neutrino in the formalism. Using this [Formula: see text] scheme, we make predictions for both the normal and inverse mass hierarchy. In order to perform a study of the response of planned direct-detection experiments, to be located in ANDES (Agua Negra Deep Experimental Site), we have calculated the neutrino contributions to the background by taken into account reactor’s neutrinos and geoneutrinos at the site of the lab. As a test detector, we take a Xenon1T-like array.

Trends in the content of acidifying and eutrophying compounds in atmospheric precipitation in an urbanized area

The trends in changing the content of sulfur and nitrogen in atmospheric precipitation in the territory of Minsk over an 18-year period are characterized on the basis of the analysis of the monitoring results of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation at the experimental site. A downtrend in the sulfur and nitrogen content combined with an uptrend in the precipitation acidity was identified. An average decrease (trend) in the content of sulfur in atmospheric precipitation for 2002–2019 was 0.019 mg S/dm3/year, of oxidized nitrogen – 0.008 mg/dm3, of reduced nitrogen – 0.019 mg/dm3. Over an 18-year period, the changes in the content of sulfur and nitrogen in atmospheric precipitation decreased the deposition of sulfur on average by 31.3 kg/km2/year, of oxidized nitrogen – by 15.4 kg/km2/year, of reduced nitrogen – by 25.6 kg/km2/year. It is shown that for the period from 2005 to 2012, the acidification potential of the natural environment decreased parallel to the reduction of the sulfur and nitrogen deposition; in the subsequent period, the trend of the acidification potential basically follows the trend of the precipitation of the main cations. It is revealed that the rates of average reduction in the content of oxidized sulfur and oxidized nitrogen in atmospheric precipitation in Minsk for the period from 2002 to 2017 are comparable to the rates of reduction of these compounds at the stations of the EMEP Program in Europe, and exceed those for reduced nitrogen.

The reaction of early-ripening potato varieties to the planting rate in the Middle Urals

The article presents the yield of early potato varieties, considering the different planting rates of tubers. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2013 - 2015 at the experimental field of the Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician. The purpose of the research is to find ways to cultivate early-ripening potato varieties to obtain a yield of 35 t/ha. The soils of the experimental site are sod-finely podzolic medium loamy. The humus content is 1.9 - 3.2%, pH (KCl) 4.4-5.1, P2O5 185-300 mg/kg, K2O 143-431 mg/kg. The meteorological conditions of the growing seasons were opposite in terms of weather conditions and did not equally affect the yield. It was found that, on average, over three years, the goal of the experiment was achieved only in one variant of the experiment - in the Rosalind variety with a maximum thickening of 71.4 thousand tubers per hectare. The limit of thickening in the Red Scarlett variety was at the maximum thickening of tubers when planting 71.4 thousand. The limit of thickening of the Luck variety was 47.6 thousand tubers, the limit of compaction of plantings in the Rosalind variety was 57.1 thousand tubers. Keywords: POTATO, VARIETY, YIELD, PLANTING RATE

Assessing the Toxic Effects of Insecticides on Honey Bees in the West Gonja District of the Savannah Region of Ghana

Aims: To examine the toxic effects of insecticides on bees in farming communities in the Savannah Region of Ghana. Study Design: The study employed five different doses of insecticides to 3 groups of 10 honey bees in each group using 3 types of insecticides. The number of dead bees were registered and used for the estimation of LC50 of each insecticide. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Damongo Agricultural Training College, Ghana, between August 2019 and September 2019. Methodology: We collected bees from farms in the West Gonja District of the Savannah Region of Ghana. Controller Super 2.5 EC, Pyrinex 48 EC and Golan SL were insecticides used for the experiment. Live adult bees were randomly obtained from beehives at 2:00 am from the farms when the bees were not aggressive. The bees were collected by hand and placed into a perforated plastic container and transported from the site of collection to the experimental site. They were allowed to acclimatize to the experimental conditions for a period of three hours under room temperature of 24 °C and a relative humidity of 49 percent throughout the study. Results: Mortalities were recorded 10 minutes after administering the concentrations and thereafter at every 10 minutes continuously till 60 minutes. The LC50 was calculated using Where N is the number of honey bees in each group Controller Supper 2.5 EC at a concentration of 6.7 ml/L gave the highest mean mortality (10 bees) at the 50th minute while the concentration of 1.0 ml/L gave the lowest mean mortality (0.0 bees) in the same 50th minute. Conclusion: The LC50 for the three insecticides used were within the recommended concentrations provided by the Environmental Protection Agency of Ghana. The overall mortalities occurred when honey bees were exposed to different concentrations of all the three insecticides.

1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid (NAA) Reduces Sucker Growth in European Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

Three 2-year field studies were conducted to evaluate 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) as a suppressant of suckers in European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). Treatments were basal-directed applications of NAA at 5, 10, and 20 g·L−1 a.i. applied once per season, and two sequential applications of NAA 10 g·L−1 a.i., 28 days apart, compared with 2,4-D (3.8 g·L−1 acid equivalent), and a nontreated control. Treatments were applied early in spring and repeated the following year. Both NAA and 2,4-D delayed sucker growth by 1.2- to 3.0-fold compared with the nontreated control, and response varied with experimental site and year. Sequential treatments of NAA significantly reduced sucker height and fresh weight 120 days after treatment. NAA applied in sequential treatments increased tree trunk cross-sectional area and canopy volume in two of the three experimental sites. Yield of hazelnuts increased when suckers were removed with NAA or 2,4-D compared with nontreated. Results indicate that NAA is an effective option to control suckers in hazelnuts and can help reduce herbicide and labor in sucker control.