Self-Criticism in In-Work Poverty: The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Era of Flexibility

In-work poverty reflects situations of income below the poverty threshold among employed people, involving a deterioration of wellbeing. The International Labour Organization prioritises this situation, which in countries such as Spain, Germany or Italy reaches rates of 11.8%, 10.6% and 11.8%, respectively. Within a context of flexibility, the occupational situation tends to be understood as an individual responsibility, which is why this study analyses the increase in self-criticism in these situations, and the role of social support in this relationship. The mediation of social support in the manifestation of self-criticism among people experiencing in-work poverty is analysed. The participants were 1430 employed people, grouped into those in a situation of poverty and those who are not. The results show that people in a situation of in-work poverty present a higher score in self-criticism and lower in social support. Social support is a mediating variable that prevents the manifestation of self-criticism. Lastly, a gender analysis shows that women experience this relationship more intensely. These findings enable a critical assessment of the activation policies that only take an individual approach. As an alternative, we propose strengthening interventions that foster social support, particularly among women.

Cultural studies methodology of gender analysis of works of fine art (on the example of the story "Judith and Holofernes" in European painting)

The purpose of the Article. Based on the generalized object of gender research as the interaction of men and women in society, to test the cultural studies methodology of gender analysis of works of fine art on the example of the story "Judith and Holofernes" in European painting. The methodology consists of a combination of a number of general theoretical: analysis and synthesis – and special methods of scientific research: chronological, problem-chronological, historical-comparative, iconological, iconographic methods, method of formal-stylistic analysis, method of semantic analysis of visual series, and biographical and retrospective methods. The principle of psychoanalytic interpretation of art as a form of sublimation of the subconscious was taken into account. Scientific novelty. The study allows gaining new knowledge about the specifics of gender analysis in the field of art history and the application of its cultural studies methodology to the analysis of works of fine art. Conclusions. Applying the described methodology of analysis to the paintings on the gender-relevant plot "Judith and Holofernes", created by women artists and male artists, allowed us to conclude: 1) in quantitative terms, paintings by men are an order of magnitude higher than paintings by women artists; 2) with the exception of two paintings by Artemisia Gentileschi, whose composition is determined not only by an example of a similar painting by Caravaggio but also by dramatic events in the artist's life, the composition is based on the post-factum principle, 3) among the paintings by male artists stands out a quantitatively significant group of works in which, starting with "Judith" by Giorgione, there is an eroticization of the image of the protagonist, thus objectifying the erotic fantasies and desires of men; 4) in parallel with eroticism, thanatological objectification is formed: "eroticized death" (R. W. Whalen) and men's subconscious fear of "women's power". Keywords: cultural studies methodology of gender analysis, painting, European painting, "Judith and Holofernes", Artemisia Gentileschi, Elisabetta Sirani, Fede Galizia, Virginia Vezzo, eroticization of the image, thanatological objectification, gender-relevant plots.

PEMAHAMAN HADIS PERSPEKTIF GENDER: Studi Komparasi KH. Husein Muhammad dan Abdul Mustaqim

<p>Kajian hadis Gender telah mendapat perhatian dari berbagai ilmuwan Muslim di dunia. Di Indonesia, KH. Husein Muhammad dan Abdul Mustaqim merupakan Tokoh yang aktif menarasikan kesetaraan gender dengan merelevansikannya dengan Teks-teks Agama. Keduanya memiliki Latar belakang Pendidikan yang berbeda, sehingga mendorong peneliti untuk melakukan kajian komparasi terhadap Pemikiran keduanya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui metode pemahaman hadis perspektif gender dari keduanya. Melalui analisa komparasi, penelitian ini hendak menunjukkan perbedaan dan persamaan metode keduanya dalam memahami hadis dengan perspektif gender. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode komparasi dengan analisis Gender. Metode ini digunakan untuk melihat sejauhmana hadis dapat dipahami dan diaplikasikan dengan menggunakan analisis gender, sekaligus untuk memahami secara komprehensif perbedaan dan persamaan dari kedua tokoh. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa keduanya menggunakan prinsip-prinsip gender secara mendasar seperti kesetaran, kemanusiaan dan keadilan dalam memahami hadis. Keduanya juga menjadikan Maqashid al-Shariah sebagai basis penafsiran, dimana makna hadis harus sejalan dengan Prinsip yang terdapat dalam Maqashid al-Syariah. Namun KH. Husein Muhammad dan Abdul Mustaqim memiliki latarbelakang pendidikan akademik yang berbeda, dalam penelitian ini diketahui bahwa metode yang dipaparkan Abdul Mustaqim lebih sistematis dan metodis serta memudahkan pembaca untuk memahami langkah-langkah metodiknya dalam memahami hadis perspektif Gender.</p><p>[<strong>Understanding Hadith on Gender Perspective: A Comparative Study of KH. Husein Muhammad and Abdul Mustaqim</strong>.<strong> </strong>The study of Gender-hadith has received attention from various Muslim scientists in the world. In Indonesia, KH. Husein Muhammad and Abdul Mustaqim are figures who actively narrate gender equality by relevating it with religious texts. Both of them have different educational backgrounds, thus encouraging researchers to do a comparative study of their thought. This study aimed to determine the method of understanding the hadith from the gender perspective of both. This research aims to show the differences and similarities of two methods in understanding the hadith from a gender perspective through a comparative analysis. The method used is a comparative method with gender analysis. This method is used to see the extent to which the hadith can be understood and applied by using gender analysis, as well as to comprehensively understand the differences and similarities of the two figures. In this research, it can be concluded that both of them use basic gender principles such as equality, humanity and justice in understanding hadith. Both of them also make maqashid al-syariah as the basis for interpretation, where the meaning of hadith must be in line with the principles contained in maqasid al-shariah. However, KH. Husein Muhammad and Abdul Mustaqim have different academic educational backgrounds, in this research, it is known that the method described by Abdul Mustaqim is more systematic and methodical and makes it easier for the reader to understand his methodical steps in understanding the hadith from a gender perspective.]</p>

FEMINISME SEBAGAI KRITIK KAPITALISME: MEMPERKENALKAN TEORI KRITIS NANCY FRASER

<em>This article is an overview of the intellectual and historical background of Nancy Fraser's thought. Intellectually, Fraser is a socialist feminist and critical theorist of the Frankfurt school who sought to reconnect gender analysis and the critique of capitalism. According to Fraser, the shift from state-managed-capitalism to neoliberal capitalism is the historical context that separates gender analysis and capitalism criticism in such a way that feminism is trapped as a handmaiden of neoliberalism. Based on an examination of Fraser's works and related literature, this article shows the problems of feminism in the neoliberal era and Fraser's critical theory offers to reclaim it.</em><br /><br /><strong>Key words:</strong> socialist feminism, critical theory, the Frankfurt School, gender, capitalism.

Using Gender Analysis Matrixes to Integrate a Gender Lens Into Infectious Diseases Outbreaks Research

Evidence shows that infectious disease outbreaks are not gender-neutral, meaning that women, men, and gender minorities are differentially affected. This evidence affirms the need to better incorporate a gender lens into infectious disease outbreaks. Despite this evidence, there has been a historic neglect of gender-based analysis in health, including during health crises. Recognizing the lack of available evidence on gender and pandemics, in early 2020 the [Name retracted] project set out to use a gender analysis matrix to conduct rapid, real-time analyses while the pandemic was unfolding to examine the gendered effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reports on what a gender analysis matrix is, how it can be used to systematically conduct a gender analysis, how it was implemented within the study, ways in which the findings from the matrix were applied and built upon, and challenges encountered when using the matrix methodology.