Reliability of prisoners’ survey responses: comparison of self-reported health and biomedical data from an australian prisoner cohort

Objective Prisoner health surveys primarily rely on self-report data. However, it is unclear whether prisoners are reliable health survey respondents. This paper aimed to determine the level of agreement between self-report and biomedical tests for a number of chronic health conditions. Method This study was a secondary analysis of existing data from three waves (1996, 2001, 2009) of the New South Wales (NSW) Inmate Health Survey. The health surveys were cross-sectional in nature and included a stratified random sample of men (n=2,114) from all NSW prisons. Self-reported histories of hepatitis, sexually transmissible infections, and diabetes were compared to objective biomedical measures of these conditions. Results Overall, the sensitivity (i.e., the respondents who self-reported having the condition also had markers indicative of the condition using biomedical tests) was high for hepatitis C (96%) and hepatitis B (83%), but low for all other assessed conditions (ranging from 9.1% for syphilis using RPR to 64% for diabetes). However, Kappa scores indicated substantial agreement only for hepatitis C. That is, there were false positives and false negatives which occurred outside of chance leading to poor agreement for all other assessed conditions. Conclusions Prisoners may have been exposed to serious health conditions while failing to report a history of infection. It may be possible that prisoners do not get tested given the asymptomatic presentation of some conditions, were unaware of their health status, have limited health-service usage preventing the opportunity for detection, or are subject to forgetting or misunderstanding prior test results. These findings demonstrate the importance of the custodial environment in screening for health conditions and referral for treatment should this be needed. Testing on entry, periodically during incarceration, and prior to release is recommended.

Integrating TAM, VAM, PAM and Security Perception in The Intention of Fintech Service Usage

This study is meant to develop a TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) by integrating a VAM (Value-based Adoption Model), PAM (Pos Acceptance Model) and security perceptions. The frameworks of the theories are expected to deeper explain the perspective perceived by fintech services users in terms of security, perceived value, benefits, and satisfaction in using fintech. Survey through a quantitative approach combined with explanatory research in Madiun Residency. The results showed that all hypotheses proposed in this study were accepted. Security is the main requirement for people to continue or discontinue using fintech services. Perceived value is a comparative result influenced by the amount of sacrifice that is given and the perceived benefits. People who are satisfied and tends to assume that the fintech service is valuable, will most likely continue using the fintech service. Therefore, it can be concluded that TAM, VAM, PAM and security perceptions are a unified whole in understanding one's behaviour in adopting technology such as fintech services. Keywords-TAM; VAM; PAM; Security Perception; Fintech

Analysis of the Effect of Service Quality on Corporate Image and Service Usage Decisions at PT. Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (Persero)

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality (X1) on corporate image (X2) and service usage decision (Y) of PT. Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (Persero). The research approach taken is quantitative. The sampling technique used was non probability sampling with purposive sampling method. The number of samples in this study were 90 respondents with the criteria of consumers who have registered ships at PT. Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia and also has vessels registered with foreign classification agencies. The data collection method in this study used a questionnaire measured using a Likert scale and the data collected were analyzed Structural Equation Modelling with Partial Least Square. The program used is SmartPLS 3.0. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that service quality has a positive and significant effect on the corporate image of PT. BKI, service quality has a positive and significant effect on the decision to use PT. BKI and corporate image have a positive and significant effect on the decision to use BKI.

Change in the trend of long-term care service usage following COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a survey using nationwide statistical summary in 2018-2021

Aim: Social restriction due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced long-term care (LTC) service users to refrain from using services as before, of which degree of change we aim to evaluate in this study. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed publicly-distributed nationwide statistics summarizing the monthly number of public LTC insurance users in Japan in the period between April 2018 and March 2021. The degree of decline was quantified as odds ratio (OR), where the ratio of a certain month to the reference month was divided by the ratio in the previous year. Results: The use of LTC services showed unimodal serial change: it started to decline in March 2020 and reached its largest decline in May 2020, which had insufficiently recovered even as of late 2020. The degree of decline was specifically large in services provided in facilities for community-dwelling elderly individuals (adjusted OR 0.719 (95%CI: 0.664 ~ 0.777) in short-stay services and adjusted OR 0.876 (95%CI: 0.820 ~ 0.935) in outpatient services) but was non-significant in other types of service, including those provided for elderly individuals living in nursing homes. Conclusions: Current study showed that community-dwelling elderly individuals who had used outpatient or short-stay services were the segments which were specifically affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 Japan. It underlines the need for further investigation for the medium- or long-term influence on the mental and physical health of these LTC service users as well as their family caregivers.

News or social media? Socio-economic divide of mobile service consumption

Reliable and timely information on socio-economic status and divides is critical to social and economic research and policing. Novel data sources from mobile communication platforms have enabled new cost-effective approaches and models to investigate social disparity, but their lack of interpretability, accuracy or scale has limited their relevance to date. We investigate the divide in digital mobile service usage with a large dataset of 3.7 billion time-stamped and geo-referenced mobile traffic records in a major European country, and find profound geographical unevenness in mobile service usage—especially on news, e-mail, social media consumption and audio/video streaming. We relate such diversity with income, educational attainment and inequality, and reveal how low-income or low-education areas are more likely to engage in video streaming or social media and less in news consumption, information searching, e-mail or audio streaming. The digital usage gap is so large that we can accurately infer the socio-economic status of a small area or even its Gini coefficient only from aggregated data traffic. Our results make the case for an inexpensive, privacy-preserving, real-time and scalable way to understand the digital usage divide and, in turn, poverty, unemployment or economic growth in our societies through mobile phone data.

Neighborhood Relationship Matters for Whom?: Interaction With Family Structure and Functional Conditions

Living environment is considered to have unignorable effect on our health and well-being, especially when we face shrinkage of mobility as we age. Social interaction with neighbors constitutes our social environment, and it may affect our well-being by interacting with other social resources such as support from family and professional care providers. In this study we examined the effect of social environment in neighborhood on older people’s well-being, and how its effect is moderated by their family structure, functional conditions, and LTC service usage. Data was obtained from the survey conducted in 2012 with nationally representative sample of Japanese adults aged 60 years and older. The results showed that for people with functional limitation but were not certified as needing LTC, neighborhood social network was positively associated with well-being. These results suggest the unique function of neighbors for frail people to keep everyday life in the community.

Within-person Variation In Emotional Exhaustion Among Caregivers For Older Adults

Caregiving is everyday life for family members of older adults. Care recipients’ care requirements, service usage, and caregivers’ physical and emotional conditions differ day by day. Little is known how the differences and variances relate to informal caregivers’ mental health. This study aimed to examine informal caregivers’ day-to-day fluctuation in emotional exhaustion and discuss the within-person effects on mental health among informal caregivers. We developed the Caregiving Visualization Project toolkit (Care VIP), a software program for tracking on daily basis components of care experiences such as care task of Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, service usages, and caregiving burden, as well as eight items of caregivers’ emotional exhaustion. We recruited study participants between May 2018 to March 2019 who provided instrumental help to community-dwelling older adults. A total of 75 participants, who accessed the Care VIP every day by using tablets or computers and completed a one-month study, were analyzed in this study. Females comprised 80.0%, and the average age of caregivers was 52.7 years (SD=9.1). The majority were those who provided care to parents (69.3%), and those who provided to parents-in-law and spouses were 16.0% and 5.3%, respectively. The average score of the eight items on the emotional exhaustion scale, with a 4-point Likert scale, was 23.4 (SD=4.9); however, each question showed different variations. Within-person effects on mental health among informal caregivers will be discussed.