Development of fully superconducting 5 MW aviation generator with liquid hydrogen cooling

The use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel will be inevitable in the aviation of the future. This statement means that manufacturers will also implement liquid hydrogen for cooling all superconducting aviation equipment of an electric propulsion system. The development of fully electric aircraft is the most promising solution in this case. Scientists from the Department of electrical machines and power electronics of Moscow aviation institute have conducted calculations and theoretical researches of critical specific mass-dimensional parameters (MW/ton and MW/m3 at 21 K) of fully superconducting aviation synchronous generator of the electric propulsion system. The results are in this article. The article discusses the results 3D finite element modeling (FEM) simulation of a 5 MW fully superconducting synchronous generator with combined excitation. Superconducting armature and axial excitation windings based on second generation high temperature superconductors (HTS-2G) are located on the stator, which makes it possible to contactlessness and the absence of sliding seals. A dry gap will reduce gas-dynamic losses and increase the nominal peripheral speed of the rotor. The use of liquid hydrogen as a coolant makes it possible to significantly increase the linear load of the generator, and high current densities to reduce the cross-sectional area of the coils, which will make it possible to place them in individual cryostats in the future. Individual cryostats will allow to remove the heat release of magnetic losses from the cryogenic zone and reduce the consumption of refrigerant. For the purpose of internal redundancy of the HTS coils, the machine has a complete set of reserve winding made of ultrapure aluminum, also cooled by liquid hydrogen. If the superconducting coils get out of the stand, the generator will provide 15 % power on standby

Preface

Overview of the 18th International Scientific and Technical Conference Rapid Solidification Materials and Coatings A A Lozovan1 and D K Kostrin2 1Department of Materials and Materials Technology, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) “MAI”, 121552, Orshanskaya, 3, Moscow, Russia 2Department of Electronic Instruments and Devices, Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, 197376, Professora Popova, 5, Saint Petersburg, Russia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. In this preface the main results of the 18th International Scientific and Technical Conference Rapid Solidification Materials and Coatings that was held on 19–20 October 2021 in Moscow, Russia are discussed. From 19 to 20 October 2021, the 18th International Scientific and Technical Conference Rapid Solidification Materials and Coatings (RSMC–2021) was held at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). Despite the difficulties associated with the coronavirus pandemic, more than 100 specialists from leading universities, the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian enterprises, as well as scientists from Ukraine and Belarus, took part in the Conference. For the successful holding of the Conference in a pandemic, all the necessary measures were taken to ensure the implementation of sanitary rules and standards for the protection of Conference participants. At the Conference the results, which were obtained in the last year after the previous Conference, of the theoretical and experimental studies on the physics of condensed matter, low-temperature plasma physics, electronic and ion-plasma surface modification, physical methods of film deposition and other studies obtained over the last year after the previous Conference. The main objects of these studies were superficiality and superficial phenomena. Therefore, to the development and improvement of methods of surface modification and coatings deposition, as well as methods of their research and development of modern surface treatment equipment was paid the greatest attention at the Conference. During the Conference more than 70 reports were presented, which were heard in the following, traditional Conference sections (figure 1): • section 1 – Rapid solidification materials; • section 2 – Methods of coating application and research; • section 3 – Laser, electron-beam and ion-plasma methods of surface modification; • section 4 – Composite materials and permanent joints; • section 5 – Works of young scientists. The Conference was opened by Alexander Vladimirovich Bespalov, Co-Chairman of the Director of the Department of Materials Science and Materials Technology of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), who emphasized the importance of developing research in the field of physical and physicochemical methods of obtaining and processing new materials and coatings for the aerospace industry. He also noted the achievements of the Institute’s scientists in the field of laser coating and fast solidification materials. List of Organizing Committee, Program Committee, Photos are available in this pdf.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editor. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Single Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 37 • Number of submissions sent for review: 37 • Number of submissions accepted: 37 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100):100%; • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 22 • Contact person for queries: Alexandr Alexandrovich Lozovan [email protected] Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)

Comparison of two platforms for distance learning students of Moscow Aviation Institute: Microsoft Teams and LMS Moodle

Microsoft Teams platform is a kind of messenger created on the basis of Microsoft Skype for Business in 2017. It implements the concept of a collaborative workspace and allows group members to organize joint online meetings, hold audio and video conferences and connect additional Microsoft services. Microsoft Teams implements the possibility of individual interaction between the teacher and the student through audio and video calls. In relation to the pandemic of coronavirus infection, on March 17, 2020, MAI completely switched to the distance learning mode. For the organization of distance educational process, LMS MAI website, based on the Moodle platform, is mainly used, but the range of its capabilities is limited. In order to expand opportunities and share the flow of students using the website for e-learning, many classes with students began to be held at Microsoft Teams. It has an intuitive interface and meets all the requirements of confidentiality and security: encryption, multi-factor authentication and device management are used to protect information; necessary protection mechanisms against unauthorized access are implemented. When this platform was studied a number of its advantages were identified compared to LMS Moodle platform, also there were system vulnerabilities correlated with LMS and suggestions to eliminate them.

Forming extended linguistic competence among students of economic specialties at Moscow aviation institute

The article analyses various interpretations of the concept "linguistic competence" and formulates the authors' attitude to this issue. The paper substantiates the need for forming the extended linguistic competence among the students of economic profile at an aviation university. The authors describe the history of creation and development of the concept of teaching two foreign languages in the specialty "Organization and planning of foreign economic activity" (2008), "Organization of foreign economic activity / international business" (2009), "International management" (2012) at Moscow Aviation Institute, share their practical experience in teaching students in this area. The advantages and disadvantages of the educational-methodical complexes used both for teaching English and the second foreign language – French are revealed. The ways of improving the methodology of teaching students in this specialty are outlined in order to fulfill the main task – to train highly qualified specialists in the economic field, who will be in demand in the aviation industry in conditions of severe competition.

Development of methods and tools of the commercialization of high-tech projects on the example of Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)

Building an economy with a reduction in the innovation cycle, i.e. in complex of works, which includes the stages and results of the innovation process, now is one of the main features of the modern development of the world economy. This is a new stage in the formation of an innovative society. One of the key tasks of the state Customer of the program, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, is to obtain the final product as a result of applied scientific research and experimental development. The article discusses the toolkit for management monitoring of the commercialization of high-tech projects, which is relevant at the moment. The necessity of introducing innovations in the field of control over the fulfillment of obligations under scientific and technical projects has been substantiated.

Blended Learning for Teaching Professionally Oriented Foreign and Native Languages

The work represents a new approach to the technology of blended learning. This new vision was developed during the period of online education in 2020-2021. The research shows relevance in the framework of developing high efficiency of professionally-oriented language education. Blended learning is an educational technology that has been theoretically developed in various countries over the past decades. Blended learning was and still is mostly understood as a combination of offline and online education as delivery methods; at present, such training involves a flexible combination of formats, in different proportions. The aim of the rese4arch is combining different types of delivery methods, pedagogical strategies, and tactics according to the needs of a particular student or a group of students. In Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), we provide teaching of both foreign and native professionally-oriented languages. In the situation of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we started to use new approaches to education. One of the ideas was to use a blended learning technique mixing two language disciplines. This approach turned out to improve the efficiency of the teaching process in unprecedented conditions due to the inclusion of all the skills and systems of languages. We developed general speech culture, intuitive linguistic flair, enlarged students’ active vocabulary, improved soft skills (flexible skills) of a non-linguistic type, which include critical thinking, teamwork, and creativity. The main task of developing and introducing this new approach was the provision of efficiency of teaching professionally-oriented language skills.

Blended Learning for Teaching Professionally Oriented Foreign and Native Languages

The work represents a new approach to the technology of blended learning. This new vision was developed during the period of online education in 2020-2021. The research shows relevance in the framework of developing high efficiency of professionally-oriented language education. Blended learning is an educational technology that has been theoretically developed in various countries over the past decades. Blended learning was and still is mostly understood as a combination of offline and online education as delivery methods; at present, such training involves a flexible combination of formats, in different proportions. The aim of the rese4arch is combining different types of delivery methods, pedagogical strategies, and tactics according to the needs of a particular student or a group of students. In Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), we provide teaching of both foreign and native professionally-oriented languages. In the situation of the COVID-19 Pandemic, we started to use new approaches to education. One of the ideas was to use a blended learning technique mixing two language disciplines. This approach turned out to improve the efficiency of the teaching process in unprecedented conditions due to the inclusion of all the skills and systems of languages. We developed general speech culture, intuitive linguistic flair, enlarged students’ active vocabulary, improved soft skills (flexible skills) of a non-linguistic type, which include critical thinking, teamwork, and creativity. The main task of developing and introducing this new approach was the provision of efficiency of teaching professionally-oriented language skills.

Research of the problem of involvement of technical university students in the process of physical education: students' opinions

Introduction. The study of the problem of students' involvement in physical education is important in the research environment of universities. Modern students, studying for 8 hours a day at the university, are also forced to do homework, carry out scientific work, and it is physical culture and sports that are one of the most important factors for maintaining and promoting health. The purpose of this study is to identify the interest of students of the research university in physical education classes in the aspect of sociological analysis. Materials and methods. Students from the 1st to the 4th year of full-time study (150 people) of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) took part in an anonymous sociological survey by filling out Google forms. Results. The analysis of the results of the survey of students showed that the level of involvement in physical education is not fully formed (only 48,7% regularly attend physical education classes, 40,7% attend from time to time and almost 10,6% do not attend at all). Students do not have enough internal attitudes to realize the importance of physical culture classes. Nevertheless, 73,3% show interest in physical education, noting that they do it to improve general physical qualities. Conclusion. Physical education at the university is carried out throughout the entire period of study and is implemented in various forms that are interrelated, complement each other and represent a single process of physical education of students. The purpose of physical education at the university is the formation of physical culture of students as a systemic quality of personality, an integral component of the general culture of future specialists who are able to implement it in educational, social and professional activities and the family.

Prospects for the development of LMS MAI and Microsoft Teams platforms after the end of quarantine

Distance learning has had a huge impact on the educational process of universities and schools. The main platform through which the e-learning process at Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI) is carried out is LMS MAI Moodle. It should be noted that on the basis of this platform, a website with courses lms.mai.ru was created. The second in popularity and frequency of use is Microsoft Teams platform (MT). It is worth noting that thanks to the platforms for distance learning, the educational process was not only not disrupted or stopped, but was also supplemented with such advantages as autonomy and flexibility in acquiring knowledge. In connection with the coronavirus pandemic, on March 17, 2020, MAI completely switched to distance learning. At the moment, the epidemiological situation in Russia is improving and universities are again conducting face-to-face classroom studies. But what was happening with two platforms mentioned above after the end of the quarantine? Students and teachers of MAI say that the use of platforms has decreased, but classes are still held in this format. We discussed the prospects for further use of MT and LMS MAI in this article.