Sirkulasi Sosiologis dan Psikologis dalam Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren

Bullying has two different perceptions in pesantren. Firstly, bullying is something tense, stressful, containing an element that is very hard, extreme. Pesantren as educational institutions that educate students morals has immoral actions that to fatal. Secondly, bullying has goodwill, to practice independence, heart constancy of students in pesantren. Bullying words or actions that normally (mild bullying) don’t mean to be criminal but based on to strengthen the relationship of brotherhood so that mentally strengthen of students. This article is the result of the author’s thought who observes of the reality that bullying culture circulation at in pesantren. A systematic reflection is an approach for the author in making this research. The author analyzes that the circulation of sociological is the action or verbal bullying in pesantren is can has a positive impact that is growing the power mental of students. However, that psychologically bullying in pesantren has a negative impact that is something very fatal like depression, stress, and other ugliness.

The Nature of Legal Philosophy

Philosophy is general and systematic reflection about what there is, what ought to be done or is good, and how knowledge about both is possible. Legal philosophy raises these questions with respect to the law. In so doing, legal philosophy is engaged in reasoning about the nature of law. The arguments addressed to the question of the nature of law revolve around three problems. The first problem addresses the question: in what kinds of entities does the law consist, and how are these entities connected such that they form the overarching entity we call ‘law’? The answer is that law consists of norms as meaning contents which form a normative system. The second problem addresses the question of how norms as meaning contents are connected with the real world. The third problem addresses the correctness or legitimacy of law, and, by this, the relationship between law and morality.

Revelation and Film

How do we speak about the concept of revelation and film? Within the larger academic discourse on the relationship between religion and film, or theological approaches to film, systematic reflection on the concept of revelation, and how it might relate to film, is not a central theme. While some scholars have investigated how film might be an instrument of God’s self-revelation, only a few have put this scholarship into conversation with a more systematic account of the concept of revelation. In conversation with these scholars, this chapter offers an account of the revelatory function of film in terms of its capacity to empower the viewer to uncover and engage certain questions about God, oneself, and the world previously hidden from their view. It does so by drawing upon various interviews with Quentin Tarantino regarding his creative process, especially his self-professed aim to create characters and stories ‘out of which meaning can appear’. The chapter concludes with an analysis of how the story and characters in his feature films Kill Bill: Volume 1 and Kill Bill: Volume 2 disclose hidden convictions and tensions in the viewer’s understanding of the nature of God, the human person, and the world they each inhabit.

Reflection

Engaging in and benefiting from systematic reflection may be one of the most effective strategies for leaders to foster and develop learning agility. “Reflection: Behavioral Strategies to Structure and Accelerate Learning From Experience” addresses the question, What do we know? by reviewing the existing empirical research on reflection processes and their outcomes. By reviewing reflecting strategies in practice, the chapter distinguishes between targeted reflection interventions, often taking the form of after-event reviews or daily reflection practices, and day-to-day naturally occurring reflection processes. The chapter also addresses the question, What don’t we know? by describing areas where existing knowledge about reflection is limited. Finally, it also explores situations where reflection may interfere with learning and might be disadvantageous for development.

O desafio conceitual MIL para as cidades pequenas: proposições a partir do caso de Jaú, Brasil

The MIL cities framework establishes a new perspective of human integration based on different data processing technologies, social inclusion, and urban innovations. This essay proposes an overview of possibilities and threats of MIL proposes for small and medium­sized cities, which do not have many resources to promote a MIL agenda, what may stimulate the grow of inequality between large cities and the countryside. Thus, it proposes a systematic reflection of Jaú (Brazil) experiences of local community partnerships, exploring (a) the local opportunities for development and inclusion even outside the large

The Invention of Terrorism in Nineteenth Century Europe, Russia, and the United States

This chapter examines the emergence of terrorism. It argues that five men invented terrorist tactics in a transnational learning process between 1858 and 1866 in Europe, the United States, and Russia. After a systematic reflection on terrorism’s sociopolitical logic and its preconditions, the chapter analyzes Felice Orsini’s attempt to assassinate Napoleon III and the media reactions. This case is interpreted as the beginning of the invention of terrorism. News of Orsini’s deed traveled to America and had inspired John Brown, who changed his tactics from guerilla war to terrorism when he planned his raid on Harpers Ferry. Oskar Wilhelm Becker, John Wilkes Booth, and Dmitrii Vladimirovich Karakozov were the three most significant imitators of both Orsini’s and Brown’s deeds. They finalized the tactic by universalizing it politically and developing the claim of responsibility (Bekennerschreiben). With these developments the terrorist tactic as we know it today was fully developed.

Diffusion, Reception, and Transplantation

This chapter looks at how diffusion, reception, and transplantation offer a window into change promoted by legal transfers. Legal systems interact and such contact may sometimes trigger reforms. Analyzing these cross-fertilization processes allows one to understand mechanisms that destabilize legal systems, identify which actors play a role in the process, and compare and contrast how each system reacts to novel legal arrangements. But there are important disciplinary divides in the use of these concepts. The chapter thus illustrates how comparative administrative law, as a nascent field, has resorted to these concepts without any systematic reflection on whether and how to use them. It calls for a clear determination of the boundaries and goals of comparative administrative law, as this could help scholars assess the suitability of these conceptual tools.

Pengembangan Media Flowchart (Bagan Arus) Berbasis Microsoft Visio Pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Materi Ketentuan Zakat Kelas VIII Di MTsN 6 Tanah Datar

AbstrakKemajuan teknologi menuntut seorang pendidik untuk menguasai berbagai media pembelajaran berbasis teknologi. Pada penelitian ini media pembelajaran flowchart digambar dengan menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Visio dimana biasanya flowchart digambar dengan bentuk sederhana di papan tulis. Belajar menggunakan bantuan teknologi dapat membantu baik pendidik dan peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar. Fokus penelitian ini untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran flowchart (bagan arus) berbasis Microsoft Visio pada mata pelajaran fikih kelas VIII yang valid. Jenis penelitian ini ialah pengembangan dengan metode Plomp, dimana ada empat tahapan yakni: (1) tahap penelitian pendahuluan (preliminary research); (2) tahap prototype (prototyping stage); (3) tahap penilaian (assessment stage); (4) tahap refleksi dan dokumentasi secara sistematis (systematic reflection and documentation). Namun pada penelitian ini tidak semua tahapan dilakukan, karena ada kendala serta keterbatasan yang dihadapi. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa media pembelajaran flowchart berbasis Microsoft visio yang telah dihasilkan bersifat sangat valid dengan rata-rata 84,72% . Begitu pun penilaian pada item – item yang ada pada aspek penilaian atau standar penilaian yang diperoleh dari validator yaitu berkisar 75% - 91,68%. Seperti dalam aspek materi dengan nilai 81,68%, dalam aspek tampilan media dengan nilai 87,5% dan aspek prinsip media flowchart itu sendiri dengan nilai 86,11%. Selain itu juga, dari validasi kebahasaan diperoleh skor 83,33%, validasi isi dengan skor 81,25% dan terakhir validasi kontruks dengan skor 86,11%. Hal ini dapat di kategorikan valid – sangat valid, artinya media pembelajaran flowchart berbasis Microsoft visio ini layak dipakai atau digunakan dalam mata pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam terkhususnya fikih. AbstractHigh technology development requires a teacher to master various technology-based learning media. In this study, the flowchart learning media which is usually drawn in simple way on the blackboard, was drawn using Microsoft Visio application. Learning using technology assistance can help teachers and students in the teaching and learning process. The aim of this research was to produce a valid Microsoft Visio-based flowchart learning media for class VIII students in fiqh subject. The type of the research was research and development using Plomp method with four stages, namely: (1) preliminary research stage; (2) prototype stage; (3) production stage; and (4) systematic reflection and documentation stage. However, in this study not all stages were carried out because of some limitations. The result of this research described that the Microsoft Visio-based flowchart learning media was highly valid with an average of 84.72%. The judgment from validators was 75% - 91.68% for all items. The content aspect was 87.5%, media layout aspect was 87.5%, and media principles aspect was 86.11%. In addition, validation of language gave score 83.33%, the content validity was 81.25% and construct validity was 86.11%. These can be categorized as valid - highly valid product. It means that the Microsoft Visio-based flowchart learning media is suitable for PAI learning (islamic learning) especially fiqh subject.