PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERWIRAUSAHA PRODUK KULINER DAN PRODUK DAUR ULANG SAMPAH DI MASA PANDEMI BAGI IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN KARANG JOANG, KECAMATAN BALIKPAPAN UTARA

ABSTRAKWabah pandemi Covid 19 yang dimulai sejak tahun 2020 tentunya menbawa banyak dampak baik daeri segi kesehatan, sosial, dan tentunya ekonomi. Dampak tersebut dirasakan oleh semua kalangan baik dari pengusaha besar sampai pada level rumah tangga. Konsumsi rumah tangga, sebagai penopang utama perekonomian masyarakat melambat secara signifikan, dimana pada akhirnya memengaruhi kinerja industri dan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah. Usaha mikro sebagian besar di jalankan oleh ibu – ibu rumah tangga yang memiliki kesempatan dan waktu. Di beberapa daerah yang memiliki potensi sumber daya, keberadaan UMKM menjadi hal yang sangat membantu perekonomian rumah tangga. Namun di beberapa daerah, ada pula masyarakat yang masih kesulitan dalam memulai berwirausaha. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pengetahuan, pengalaman, dan motivasi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ialah melaksanakan pelatihan kewirausahaan. Berdasarkan keinginan untuk memberikan manfaat yang lebih besar bagi ibu rumah tangga di Kelurahan Karang Joang tepatnya di RT 30, maka dengan segenap pengalaman, pengetahuan, dan berbagai hasil survei serta konsultasi, maka pengabdian ini direncanakan yaitu berupa pelatihan pembuatan produk makanan dan minuman serta produk sampah daur ulang serta edukasi berwirausaha. Kata kunci: wirausaha; ibu rumah tangga; pandemi covid 19. ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic, which began in 2020, has certainly brought many impacts, both in terms of health, social, and of course the economy. This impact is felt by all groups, from big entrepreneurs to the household level. Household consumption, as the main pillar of the community's economy, slowed significantly, which in turn affected the performance of industry and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. Most of the micro-enterprises are run by housewives who have the opportunity and time. In some areas that have potential resources, the existence of MSMEs is very helpful for the household economy. However, in some areas, there are also people who still have difficulty starting entrepreneurship. This is due to a lack of knowledge, experience, and motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this community service activity is to carry out entrepreneurship training. Based on the desire to provide greater benefits for housewives in Karang Joang Village, precisely in RT 30, then with all the experience, knowledge, and various survey results and consultations, this service is planned in the form of training in the manufacture of food and beverage products and waste product recycling and entrepreneurship education. Keywords: entrepreneur; housewife; covid 19 pandemic.

Kesepakatan Menunda Kehamilan Bagi Pasangan Muda Perspektif Hukum Islam: Upaya Menekan Pernikahan Dini di Masa Pandemi

This research is an attempt to look deeper into why delaying early marriage is appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the view of Islamic law and the human rights approach. The phenomenon of early marriage during the pandemic had appeared and even jumped based on the data collected. This phenomenon encourages conditions of vulnerability (fiqh: mudharat) which will have an impact on the emergence of new problems and even conflicts for young people, especially if they already have children, given the pandemic conditions that often threaten the household economy. This study departs from the question of why Islamic law and human rights must play a role in reducing the number of early marriages during the pandemic based on the assumption of household vulnerability? How is the phenomenon of early marriage during the pandemic seen from the point of view of human rights and maqasid? This research is analytical descriptive with qualitative methods, and data collection is carried out by literature study on secondary materials to observe the phenomenon of early post-marriage during the pandemic. The results show that the function of Islamic law and human rights can be an important instrument to suppress the surge in early marriage, which will save young households from the vulnerability of household conflicts based on observations made during the covid pandemic.

Trade, Taxation, and Population

The chapter presents three main variables that impacted how and why Sami land use changed in the early modern period. The first one is trade, that gained importance in the seventeenth century with fundamental changes in its infrastructure. Sami households accumulated a surplus in their growing herds of domesticated reindeer. The other variable is taxation and it was a complicated task for the government. They tried different methods for taxing Sami before they finally decided on a collective tax paid in money in 1695. It meant lowered tax levies and a more predictable tax for individual Sami. It had a positive effect on the household economy as well as on population numbers in the eighteenth century. The last variable to be defined is population size.

Drivers of Predator Killing by Rural Residents and Recommendations for Fostering Coexistence in Agricultural Landscapes

Predators inhabiting human-dominated landscapes are vulnerable to various anthropogenic actions, including people killing them. We assess potential drivers of predator killing in an agricultural landscape in southern Chile, and discuss the implications for policies and interventions to promote coexistence. We evaluate five different types of motivation: (i) sociodemographics and household economy; (ii) livestock loss; (iii) predator encounter rates; (iv) knowledge of legal protection (all native predators are currently protected); and, (v) tolerance to livestock predation. As the killing of native predators is illegal, the prevalence of this behavior by rural residents was estimated using a symmetrical forced-response randomized response technique (RRT), a method designed to ask sensitive questions. A total of 233 rural residents from randomly assigned sample units (4 km2) across the study region completed our questionnaire. More conspicuous species, such as hawks (Falconiformes sp), foxes (Lycalopex sp) and free-roaming domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), were killed by a higher proportion of farmers than more cryptic species, like the felid güiña (Leopardus guigna), skunk (Conepatus chinga) and pumas (Puma concolor). The proportion of respondents admitting to killing predators was highest for hawks (mean = 0.46, SE = 0.08), foxes (mean = 0.29, SE = 0.08) and dogs (mean = 0.30, SE = 0.08) and lowest for güiña (mean = 0.10, SE = 0.09), which is the only species of conservation concern we examine (considered Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List). From our five motivation categories, past killing of predators was associated with higher reported predator encounter rates (guina, hawks), lower tolerance to livestock predation (hawks, dogs), higher reported livestock loss (dogs) and sociodemographics and household economy (foxes). Our results demonstrate that a one-size-fits-all approach to predator persecution is unlikely to reduce or eliminate illegal killings for the suite of species we examined. We identify and describe two main types of intervention that could foster coexistence, improvement of livestock management and domestic dog management in rural areas, as well as discussing the potential for social marketing.

Potensi Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Lahan Pekarangan di Desa Tambakrejo Kecamatan Jombang Kabupaten Jombang

This study aims to 1) find out the form of yardland use 2) find out the amount of initial capital used in the utilization of yardland 3) find out how much the contribution of yardland use in addition to household economic income. This research was conducted in Tambakrejo Village, Jombang District, Jombang Regency, using purposive sampling from February to June 2021. The number of samples in this study amounted to 96 respondents. This study shows 1) the form of utilization of yardland conducted by the community is covering agriculture/plantations, farms, and other business entities 2) The amount of capital used in the utilization of yardland starting from Rp. 500.000,. – Rp. 1.500.000,. 3) The utilization of yardland contributes to improving the household economy and daily needs.

Her Work, His Work and Theirs: the Household Economy and the Family in New Zealand, 1900-1925

<p>This thesis is primarily concerned with integrating some of the theoretical and empirical themes beginning to emerge around the academic and feminist literature on work, household and family. It examines some of the complex interacting variables influencing the form and content of different forms of work, both paid and unpaid, directed at achieving the means of subsistence in family households in New Zealand in the first couple of decades of this century. Oral histories provide the primary source of evidence. The thesis is also concerned with the gross and subtle variations in household divisions of labour based on hierarchies of age and sex, and with the ways in which new forms of domestic ideology became adopted or rejected by families in different social groups around this time. It will be argued that these ideologies were associated with the privatisation of the family in New Zealand, and with the formation of local status groups. New Zealand during the early decades of the twentieth century is a particularly fruitful location for such research because of the wide variety of family types to be found in a society with a low level of structural complexity, minimal class structuration, a rather poorly developed economic infrastructure, but nevertheless modernising rapidly. Local economic and social conditions favoured the retention of patriarchal domination and subsumption of wives and children in farming families whose household economy was preindustrial in character. At the same time, local urban conditions favoured the emergence of smaller families, isolated domesticity, protected childhood and a new form of male domination, masculinism. The trend towards a new family form was probably stimulated by the dearth of paid work for married women in New Zealand and the relatively high wages earned by their husbands. Furthermore, a general shortage of domestic servants favoured a narrower gap between the conditions of work of urban bourgeois and proletarian women than that found in other Western societies. A socialist-feminist framework was found useful in respect of explaining differences in the gender-based division of labour, and in identifying the forms of male domination and control observed in different kinds of households. However, it was rather limited when trying to analyse the demands and social controls experienced as a result of competition and reciprocal obligations with other women in closeknit neighbourhoods, or as a result of kinship relationships. It was also necessary to extend or modify the framework to account for variations in the power/desire of women to control their children's time and energy, explaining which children should be involved in household or farm or earning extra money, or accounting for strategies used by husbands and parents to handle and control potential conflict of interests. These limitations may eventually be overcome as new research leads to clearer conceptualization and theory building.</p>

Her Work, His Work and Theirs: the Household Economy and the Family in New Zealand, 1900-1925

<p>This thesis is primarily concerned with integrating some of the theoretical and empirical themes beginning to emerge around the academic and feminist literature on work, household and family. It examines some of the complex interacting variables influencing the form and content of different forms of work, both paid and unpaid, directed at achieving the means of subsistence in family households in New Zealand in the first couple of decades of this century. Oral histories provide the primary source of evidence. The thesis is also concerned with the gross and subtle variations in household divisions of labour based on hierarchies of age and sex, and with the ways in which new forms of domestic ideology became adopted or rejected by families in different social groups around this time. It will be argued that these ideologies were associated with the privatisation of the family in New Zealand, and with the formation of local status groups. New Zealand during the early decades of the twentieth century is a particularly fruitful location for such research because of the wide variety of family types to be found in a society with a low level of structural complexity, minimal class structuration, a rather poorly developed economic infrastructure, but nevertheless modernising rapidly. Local economic and social conditions favoured the retention of patriarchal domination and subsumption of wives and children in farming families whose household economy was preindustrial in character. At the same time, local urban conditions favoured the emergence of smaller families, isolated domesticity, protected childhood and a new form of male domination, masculinism. The trend towards a new family form was probably stimulated by the dearth of paid work for married women in New Zealand and the relatively high wages earned by their husbands. Furthermore, a general shortage of domestic servants favoured a narrower gap between the conditions of work of urban bourgeois and proletarian women than that found in other Western societies. A socialist-feminist framework was found useful in respect of explaining differences in the gender-based division of labour, and in identifying the forms of male domination and control observed in different kinds of households. However, it was rather limited when trying to analyse the demands and social controls experienced as a result of competition and reciprocal obligations with other women in closeknit neighbourhoods, or as a result of kinship relationships. It was also necessary to extend or modify the framework to account for variations in the power/desire of women to control their children's time and energy, explaining which children should be involved in household or farm or earning extra money, or accounting for strategies used by husbands and parents to handle and control potential conflict of interests. These limitations may eventually be overcome as new research leads to clearer conceptualization and theory building.</p>

Alternative Empowerment Program in narcotics-prone areas and implications for family resilience

Community empowerment through alternative activities in narcotic-prone areas is needed to minimize narcotics circulation. This activity aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Alternative Empowerment Program that has been carried out by the Indonesian National Narcotics Agency for North Jakarta City. The method used is qualitative with descriptive analysis. The activity was carried out in RW 12, Muara Bahari Village, Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta. Collecting data through observation and interviews with field implementing officers, community leaders, and residents who take part in alternative empowerment programs. Analysis of the effectiveness of the program was carried out after the alternative empowerment activities were carried out for 2 years. The results of the Alternative Empowerment Program are in accordance with the needs and implementation in the field. The program can increase economic independence and welfare but has not been maximized in reducing the number of narcotics crimes, crimes, and professions for people in vulnerable areas. Through the Alternative Empowerment Program, there will be a strengthening of the household economy which can increase family resilience for people in narcotic-prone areas.