Utilization of fish waste as fish meal substitute in formulated fish diet on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fish fry (Oreochromis niloticus)

Fish meal is generally expended as the foremost protein supply in the fish diet. The rising cost of this component inflicted the aquaculture industry to seek a substitute in lessening the pellet cost. Thus, fish waste was tested in this study to investigate its viability. An experiment was performed to study the effects of fish waste and carcass on the growth performance of Nile tilapia fry. Solid fish waste of three different common species available in Mukah’s wet market was formulated into an artificial diet. The diet was formulated into three treatments consist of three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) with 4000 kcal/kg energy. A controlled group was fed with a commercial pellet consisting of 45% protein level. Fish were fed at 4% of body weight twice daily for 45 days. Fry reared in a controlled group was discovered highest weight gain, specific growth rate and length gain. There was no significant difference in all treatments for all parameters measured. The lowest weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded in fish fed 45% protein level (T2) group. Fish in T3 (50%) achieved the highest survival rate while T1 (40%) group recorded the lowest. The best and lowest Feed Conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in the control group. In conclusion, the performance of formulated feed using fish waste is similar to commercial pellet as no significant difference can be observed in all parameters measured.

Aquafeed Production from Fermented Fish Waste and Lemon Peel

In order to obtain a high-protein-content supplement for aquaculture feeds, rich in healthy microorganisms, in this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 4126 and Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 strains were used as starters for fermenting fish waste supplemented with lemon peel as a prebiotic source and filler. Fermentation tests were carried out for 120 h until no further growth of the selected microorganisms was observed and the pH value became stable. All the samples were tested for proteins, crude lipids, and ash determination, and submitted for fatty acid analysis. Moreover, microbiological analyses for coliform bacteria identification were carried out. At the end of the fermentation period, the substrate reached a concentration in protein and in crude lipids of 48.55 ± 1.15% and 15.25 ± 0.80%, respectively, representing adequate levels for the resulting aquafeed, whereas the ash percentage was 0.66 ± 0.03. The main fatty acids detected were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Saturated fatty acids concentration was not affected by the fermentation process, whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated ones showed an opposite trend, increasing and decreasing, respectively, during the process. Coliform bacteria were not detected in the media at the end of the fermentation, whereas the amount of S. cerevisiae and L. reuteri were around 1011 and 1012 cells per g, respectively.

Effects of rations containing leubiem fish (Chanthidermis maculatus) waste and phytogenic suplementation on local ducks performance in the starter phase

This study aims to examine the potential use of leubiem fish (Chanthidermis maculatus) waste and phytogenic supplementation on ration, in order to increase the performance of local ducks in the starter phase. This study used 100 local ducks aged 1 week old, and maintained them until 8 weeks old. The ducks were placed in 5 treatments and 4 replications groups (5 ducks / repetition). The study was conducted experimentally, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 5 ration treatments, including: R1 (control); R2 (basal ration containing leubiem fish skin flour 10% + phytogenic 0.5%); R3 (basal ration containing leubiem fish head flour 10% + phytogenic 0.5%); R4 (basal ration containing leubiem fish bone flour 10% + phytogenic 0.5%) and R5 (basal ration containing leubiem fish gill flour + phytogenic 0.5%). Observed variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, final weight, feed conversion, and local duck mortality in the starter phase. The data obtained were both analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that the use of leubiem fish waste and phytogenic supplementation in the ration both increased the performance of local ducks in the starter phase and had a significant effect (p <0.05) on ration consumption, weight gain, and final weight. However, they had no significant effect on feed conversion and local duck mortality in the starter phase. It was concluded that the use of leubiem fish (10% bone meal) and phytogenic supplementation 0.5% in the ration was able to increase body weight gain, and the final weight of the starter phase local ducks (aged 1-8 weeks).

Application of local microorganisms from tuna fish and shrimp waste as bio activator for household organic waste composting by Takakura method

Organic waste has the potency to use as bio activator material. This research compares household organic waste compost results with the addition of bio activator from local microorganism activator (LMO) from tuna fish and shrimp waste with Effective Microorganisms (EM4). The composting method used is aerobic composting with the Takakura composting technique. This composting is carried out in 5 variations, variation one without-bio activator added, 2 with LMO of tuna fish waste added, variation 3 with LMO shrimp waste added, variation 4 with LMO of tuna fish, and shrimp waste added, variation 5 with EM4 added. Analysis of all compost quality has met SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. A total of 2 kg of raw material produced solid compost becomes 0.7-1 kg of compost. The use of bio activators can speed up the composting process to 8-12 days. The variation of adding LMO tuna fish waste was chosen as a suitable alternative compared to other variations. The composting process with LMO of tuna fish waste results from the fastest composting time of 9 days with a C/N ratio of 18.45%, P2O5 0.56 %, and 0.76% K2O, with 0.85 kg of compost. Scoring results in variation 2 is the best variation in compost maturity quality.

Distribution of Phosphorus Forms Depends on Compost Source Material

Composting is a sustainable method for recovering nutrients from various organic wastes, including food waste. Every input waste has different nutrient contents, in turn, suggesting that every compost has different fertilizer and/or soil improvement values. The phosphorus (P) concentration and relative distribution of P forms is related to the original organic material. The relative distribution of P forms determines how readily plants can absorb P from the compost-amended soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the content and relative share of P forms in composts made from fish waste, sewage sludge, green waste, and horse manure. Six forms of P (labile; bound to reducible metals; bound to non-reducible metals; bound to easily degradable organic material; and bound to calcium) were determined using sequential extraction method. The results indicated that fish waste compost had relatively high proportion of labile P, suggesting good biological availability. In comparison, sewage sludge compost contained the highest overall P concentration per dry weight unit, while labile P constituted only 6% of summary of P forms. The results indicate that the evaluation of composts as alternative P sources in agriculture should rely on the relative distribution of P forms in the compost in addition to the typically recognized value of the total P.