Land recycling, food security and Technosols

The world population will grow up to 9.8 billion by 2050. The intensification in urban growth will occur on all continents and in all sizes of cities, especially in developing countries, experiencing a greater rising in urban agglomerations of 300,000 to 500,000 people, those of 500,000 to 1 million and those of 1 to 5 million, by 2035. In this way, the demand of soil to host human activities (land take) will increase, mainly affecting soils with greater agricultural potential close to cities, at the same time as the need for food will increase. Land rehabilitation can contribute to human food security, to enhance ecosystem services and, if made by waste Technosols, those are viable as substrate for urban agroforestry systems.Although the references for brownfield reclamation for urban agriculture,adding constructed Technosols and de-sealed soils can recover its ecosystem functions even food supply services and would be the solution in urban areas.

High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation

A key Earth system process is the circulation of evaporated moisture through the atmosphere. Spatial connections between evaporation and precipitation affect the global and regional climates by redistributing water and latent heat. Through this atmospheric moisture recycling, land cover changes influence regional precipitation patterns, with potentially far-reaching effects on human livelihoods and biome distributions across the globe. However, a globally complete dataset of atmospheric moisture flows from evaporation to precipitation has been lacking so far. Here we present a dataset of global atmospheric moisture recycling on both 0.5∘ and 1.0∘ spatial resolution. We simulated the moisture flows between each pair of cells across all land and oceans for 2008–2017 and present their monthly climatological means. We applied the Lagrangian moisture tracking model UTrack, which is forced with ERA5 reanalysis data on 25 atmospheric layers and hourly wind speeds and directions. Due to the global coverage of the simulations, a complete picture of both the upwind source areas of precipitation and downwind target areas of evaporation can be obtained. We show a number of statistics of global atmospheric moisture flows: land recycling, basin recycling, mean latitudinal and longitudinal flows, absolute latitudinal and longitudinal flows, and basin recycling for the 26 largest river basins. We find that, on average, 70 % of global land evaporation rains down over land, varying between 62 % and 74 % across the year; 51 % of global land precipitation has evaporated from land, varying between 36 % and 57 % across the year. The highest basin recycling occurs in the Amazon and Congo basins, with evaporation and precipitation recycling of 63 % and 36 % for the Amazon basin and 60 % and 47 % for the Congo basin. These statistics are examples of the potential usage of the dataset, which allows users to identify and quantify the moisture flows from and to any area on Earth, from local to global scales. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.912710 (Tuinenburg et al., 2020).

High-resolution global atmospheric moisture connections from evaporation to precipitation

A key Earth system process is the circulation of evaporated moisture through the atmosphere. Spatial connections between evaporation and precipitation affect the global and regional climates by redistributing water and latent heat. Through this atmospheric moisture recycling, land-cover changes influence regional precipitation patterns, with potentially far-reaching effects on human livelihoods and biome distributions across the globe. However, a globally complete dataset of atmospheric moisture flows from evaporation to precipitation has been lacking so far. Here we present a dataset of global atmospheric moisture recycling on both 0.5° and 1.0° spatial resolution. We simulated the moisture flows between each pair of cells across all land and oceans for 2008–2017 and present their monthly climatological means. We applied the Lagrangian moisture tracking model UTrack, which is forced with ERA5 reanalysis data on 25 atmospheric layers and hourly wind speeds and directions. Due to the global coverage of the simulations, a complete picture of both the upwind source areas of precipitation and downwind target areas of evaporation can be obtained. We show a number of statistics of global atmospheric moisture flows: land recycling, basin recycling, mean latitudinal and longitudinal flows, absolute latitudinal and longitudinal flows, and basin recycling for the 26 largest river basins. We find that, on average, 70 % of global land evaporation rains down over land, varying between 62 % and 74 % across the year; 51 % of global land precipitation has evaporated from land, varying between 36 % and 57 % across the year. Highest basin recycling occurs in the Amazon and Congo basins, with evaporation and precipitation recycling of 63 % and 36 % for the Amazon basin and 60 % and 47 % for the Congo basin. These statistics are examples of the potential usage of the dataset, which allows users to identify and quantify the moisture flows from and to any area on Earth, from local to global scales. The dataset is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.912710 (Tuinenburg et al., 2020).

EDU-GARDEN TRAINING FOR SUPPORTING ISLAMIC BASIC EDUCATION IN MEDAN

Community service activities are focused on the problem of enriching the understanding and practice of making governance a simple garden, edu-garden, which can be done by the students of primary school in Medan city rural areas, with the conditions of the lack of urban green areas as well as the mandate of the national education, 2013 to make education sustainable environment-based vocational called as Adiwiyata school. Partnering with school teachers MIS Al Hidayah Medan Johor and Medan Selayang, be forming edu-garden as an alternative to the procurement of the garden utilizing household waste. Minimal conditions to the availability of land recycling infrastructure can be used for urban green movement through practical training programs edu-garden forming by utilizing waste for gardening activities. The result is the creation of edu-garden forming by teachers and students as teaching materials module based educational environment. The results of the simulation training and edu-garden forming this a viable alternative layout creation of urban green neighborhoods in order to achieve environmental health and public welfare.

Influence of changing drivers on realising the value of sewage sludge as a resource

Sewage sludge production is rising around the world. This is due to population growth, stricter legislation, and – especially in Far East Asia – investment in wastewater infrastructure. Whilst, it is typically considered a nuisance, sludge has numerous benefits which can be exploited, such as the reuse of nutrients or extraction of energy. Previously in Europe, reluctance for land recycling of sludge coupled with cheap energy led to the development of sludge treatment strategies which were heavily reliant on energy intensive processing such as drying. However, increasing energy costs, mounting importance of nutrient (especially phosphorous) recovery and growing influences of sustainability and carbon footprint reduction drivers have led to the development of new sludge treatment strategies. This paper highlights a number of case studies where this has been the case, and also discusses the value of sewage sludge, how this value can be optimised and what the potential barriers are.

Land Recycling in China and its Implication for the Regional Economy

Since 2000, many cities in China have moved their large-scale manufacturing plants from urban to suburban or other less-developed regions. This inter- or intraregional plant relocation not only leads to changes in land use patterns but also affects institutional, socioeconomic, and environmental issues both at the local and regional levels. We call this regional restructuring process land recycling, which creates critical energy, environmental, financial, social, and political implications. Using Beijing to illustrate the impacts of land recycling, we also discuss the land pollution-related changes and their implications for land and environmental policymaking.

Towards urban land recycling in Serbia

Cities in Serbia are passing through the initial phase of economic, social and physical renewal. At the same time the cities are confronted with major wave of investing by foreign and domestic investors. The majority of he investments are being directed to greenfield locations resulting with rapid decrease of agricultural land. With land problems in perspective as well as with new economic, demographic and social situation in Serbia, combined with the enormous problem of regional disbalance, the EU and USA experiences point out the urgent need of recycling building land and activating neglected or depleted locations within urban area. The idea of mobilizing brownfields i.e. unused industrial, military or communal structures and locations, should help in solving many economic, social and environmental problems in Serbian cities and towns. The article cites European experiences with brownfields and offers some measures, instruments and recommendations relating to city land recycling and activating brownfields in Serbia.