AN OVERVIEW ON YOGA ALONGSIDE ITS BENEFITS IN MENARCHE AND MENOPAUSE

Menarche and Menopause are two important milestones of a women’s life. Menarche is the first menstrual period and menopause is the complete cessation of the menstrual cycle. These milestones are universal and show a mark of the beginning and end of a woman’s reproductive phase. From menarche to menopause, a woman’s body undergoes a lot of physical, physiological, and psychological transformations. This physical and mental health can be restored through noninvasive methods i.e. Yoga. Yoga plays the role of a healer for a new set of physical and mental changes in women. The most common Yoga practices are Asana (postures), Pranayama (breath regulation) and Dhyana (meditation). Therefore, Yoga has been considered as a therapeutic tool to achieve positive health and to cure diseases. The exact mechanism of how yoga helps in various disorders is not known. There may be neuro-hormonal pathways with a selective effect in each pathological situation. The integrated approach of Yoga is effective in managing the healthy menstruation and menopausal symptoms and overall health of women. Keywords: Menstruation, Menopause, Yoga, Pranayama

EPISODIC MEMORY PROCESSES FOR NEUTRAL STIMULI IN THE EMOTIONAL CONTEXT

Emotional stimuli are processed differently in memory with respect to neutral stimuli; because they are more distinct, salient, and biologically significant. Episodic memory is about remembering the events as related to each other. In everyday life, because of the nature of episodic memories, emotional and neutral stimuli are exposed together, not separately. Thus, emotional stimuli become related to nearby neutral stimuli and affect their processing. In the emotional episodic memory literature, how emotional stimuli affect episodic memory processes about neutral stimuli has been widely studied. In addition to the approaches arguing this effect is either enhancing or weakening, there are also other approaches suggesting that it is selective. This selective effect emphasizes that emotion might enhance or weaken the memory for neutral stimuli with respect to different occasions. In addition to the item memory for nearby neutral stimuli, emotional stimuli have effects on the associative memory established with these stimuli. Research has shown that emotional stimuli affect item and associative memory in different ways. In summary, this review tries to analyze emotional episodic memory literature in the scope of neutral stimuli. For this aim, how emotional stimuli affect episodic memory for nearby neutral stimuli is evaluated extensively. Keywords Emotional stimuli, neutral stimuli, episodic memory, item memory, associative memory

Radiopharmaceuticals: On-Going Research for Better Diagnosis, Therapy, Environmental, and Pharmaceutical Applications

Radiopharmaceutical material is a pharmaceutical product or drug that may exert spontaneous degradation of unstable nuclei with nuclear particles or photons emission. Radiopharmaceuticals may be used in research, diagnosis, therapy, and environmental purposes. Moreover, radiopharmaceuticals act as radioactive tracers among patients via gamma-ray emissions. Therefore, the uses of radiopharmaceuticals as diagnostic agents may be given to patients to examine any biochemical, molecular biology, physiological, or anatomical abnormalities. Therapeutic radiopharmaceutical may be administered internally for therapeutic purposes via selective effect on certain abnormal cells or organs. The best known example for therapeutic radiopharmaceuticala is iodide131 for thyroid ablation in among patients with hyperthyroid. A third class of radiopharmaceutical is drug labeling which mainly used in research by using small amount of radioactive substances not for diagnostic purposes, but to investigate the metabolism, bio-distribution, pharmakodynamic, and pharmakokinetic of certain drugs in a nonradioactive form. This chapter focuses mainly on basic fundamentals of radiopharmaceutical chemistry, preparation, environmental, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and research applications.

Mechanochemically Obtained Phytobiotics Suppress the Development of Pathogens

A study of the bactericidal action of a number of phytopreparations obtained as a result of mechanochemical treatment of mixtures of plant raw materials with solid sodium carbonate in relation to 10 species of opportunistic bacteria was carried out. The investigated phytopreparations have a selective effect on 1-3 types of microorganisms. The effect of the additive action of phytopreparations in mixtures, which can be used for the prevention and treatment of diseases of animals and humans with an established bacterial etiology, has been discovered

Synthesis of Novel Tryptamine Derivatives and Their Biological Activity as Antitumor Agents

We synthesized five novel tryptamine derivatives characterized by the presence of an azelayl chain or of a 1,1,1-trichloroethyl group, in turn connected to another heterocyclic scaffold. The combination of tryptamin-, 1,1,1-trichloroethyl- and 2-aminopyrimidinyl- moieties produced compound 9 identified as the most active compound in hematological cancer cell lines (IC50 = 0.57–65.32 μM). Moreover, keeping constant the presence of the tryptaminic scaffold and binding it to the azelayl moiety, the compounds maintain biological activity. Compound 13 is still active against hematological cancer cell lines and shows a selective effect only on HT29 cells (IC50 = 0.006 µM) among solid tumor models. Compound 14 loses activity on all leukemic lines, while showing a high level of toxicity on all solid tumor lines tested (IC50 0.0015–0.469 µM).