Correlates of Older Adults’ E-Health Information-Seeking Behaviors

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The Internet is an important source for health information and a medium for older adults’ empowerment in health decision-making and self-caring. Therefore, we aimed to identify the potential motivators and probable barriers of e-health information-seeking behaviors (e-HISB) among older Iranian adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study assessed the usefulness of self-efficacy, perceived encouragement, positive attitude toward e-HISB, perceived usefulness, challenges of being visited by physicians, and perceived barriers in predicting e-HISB in a sample of 320 older adults in Tabriz, Iran. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The self-efficacy for online information seeking, positive attitude toward e-HISB, and perceived usefulness increased the odds of e-HISB by 12.00%, 24.00%, and 15.00%, respectively. In addition, e-health literacy, conflicting information, distrust of online information, and web designs that were not senior-friendly were the major barriers to e-HISB. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The theoretical and practical implications of the motivators and barriers of e-HISB can be instrumental in designing and executing programs aimed at improving e-health literacy among older adults especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prevalence and Age-Related Patterns in Health Information Seeking Behaviors and Technology Use Among Skin Cancer Survivors: Survey Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Information is an unmet need among cancer survivors. There is a paucity of population-based data examining the health information seeking behaviors and attitudes of skin cancer survivors (SCSs). OBJECTIVE To identify prevalence and patterns of health information seeking behaviors and attitudes among SCSs across age groups. METHODS Analysis of National Cancer Institute population-based 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycle 3. RESULTS The 5438 respondents included 346 (6.4%) SCSs. Skin cancer respondents had a mean age of 65.8; the majority were white (96%, and 171 were men (48%). Most reported having ever looked for health (86%) or cancer (77%) information; 28% stated their last search took a lot of effort and 22% were frustrated. The internet was most often cited as being the first source that was recently used for health or medical information (46%). Compared to SCSs <65 years old, those ≥65 years of age were more likely to see a doctor first for important health information (68% vs. 36%, p<0.001) and less likely to have health/wellness apps (26% vs. 65%, p=0.1), to have watched a health-related YouTube video (13% vs. 27%, p=0.02), and to have used electronic means to look for information (61% vs. 82%, p<0.001) CONCLUSIONS Health information searches are common among SCSs, but behaviors and attitudes are associated with age, highlighting the importance of access to doctors and personalized information sources.

Knowledge in Sight: Toddlers Plan Efficient Epistemic Actions by Anticipating Learning Gains

Anticipating the learning consequences of actions is crucial to plan efficient information-seeking. Such a capacity is needed for learners to determine which actions are most likely to result in learning. Here, we tested the early ontogeny of the human capacity to anticipate the amount of learning gained from seeing. In Study 1, we tested infants’ capacity to anticipate the availability of sight. Fourteen-month-old infants (N = 72) were invited to search for a toy hidden inside a container. The participants were faster to attempt at opening a shutter when this action allowed them to see inside the container. Moreover, this effect was specifically observed when seeing inside the container was potentially useful to the participants’ goals. Thus, infants anticipated the availability of sight, and they calibrated their information-seeking behaviors accordingly. In Studies 2-3, we tested toddlers’ capacity to anticipate whether data would be cognitively useful for their goals. Two-and-a-half-year-olds (N = 72) had to locate a target character hidden among distractors. The participants flipped the characters more often, and were comparatively faster to initiate this action when it yielded access to visual data allowing them to locate the target. Thus, toddlers planned their information-seeking behaviors by anticipating the cognitive utility of sight. In contrast, toddlers did not calibrate their behaviors to the cognitive usefulness of auditory data. These results suggest that cognitive models of learning guide toddlers’ search for information. The early developmental onset of the capacity to anticipate future learning gains is crucial for active learning.

Information seeking behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs about pregnancy-related nutrition and supplementation: A qualitative study among US women

Background: Maternal behavior during pregnancy is crucial to her own and her infant's health, and as such, it is important to understand the nutrition and supplement habits of women during pregnancy and what informs those behaviors. Aim: We aimed to assess the information seeking habits, attitudes, and beliefs about pregnancy-related nutrition and supplementation among pregnant women in the United States. Methods: Qualitative study using key informant interviews with pregnant and recently pregnant ( n = 21) US women. Themes related to concerns, attitudes, behaviors, and information seeking habits were extracted. Results: The mean age was 31.9 years and all had at least a university degree. Two major themes that emerged: (1) nutrition information-related attitudes and beliefs and (2) food and supplement-related attitudes and beliefs. Pregnant women in the US were underwhelmed with their health care provider experience when receiving information about pregnancy-related nutrition and supplementation. Nutrition was most often addressed in a reactive manner while women desired a more proactive approach. As a result, they conducted their own research using the internet as their primary tool, and ultimately made nutrition and supplement decisions based largely on their own instincts. Conclusion: Women interviewed for this study encountered barriers to pregnancy related nutrition information from a lack of clear communication from their health care provider and ambiguity and inconsistencies in information within and between sources. Women relied on themselves for information seeking and nutrition related decision making throughout their pregnancy.

Shifting Information-Seeking Behaviors of Rural Older Americans During the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This session reports findings on how older rural adults in the Midwest United States adapted their information seeking behaviors in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of nearly three-dozen interviews conducted during late-summer 2020 capture the experiences of members of this population in their own words. Findings indicate that the experiences of the rural older American during this period were often unique to each individual and cannot be easily explained by a single social or demographic factor. Those participants with greater educational attainment were more likely to use a variety of digital technologies (smartphones, tablets, at-home personal computers) prior to the pandemic and thus experienced fewer challenges finding reliable information when the pandemic began. Those who were married felt less socially-isolated, but were often more reliant on others to find information for them. Women were more likely than people with other gender identities to use social media to connect and find information, which helped abate feelings of isolation but also made them feel more susceptible to misinformation and information overload. All participants expressed some level of fear or concern that motivated them to seek health information, while many expressed the same motivation in seeking political and economic information. These findings suggest that the information seeking behaviors of rural older adults were dramatically altered by the COVID-19 pandemic, with most becoming more reliant on digital technology to find information, and all being motivated by fear, concern, and/or curiosity to find information about the pandemic.

Understanding destination evangelism: a social media viewpoint

PurposeThe present research aims to introduce and understand the promising nature of destination evangelism in the context of social media-based tourism communities (SMTCs). Further, factors that influence evangelism and information-seeking behaviors on SMTCs are examined.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model is developed that features an interplay of destination distinctiveness, destination evangelism, travel commitment and information-seeking engagement. Data were collected from 215 active users of SMTCs and analyzed using structural equation models.FindingsThe research findings indicate that destination distinctiveness and information-seeking positively lead to destination evangelism. Information-seeking is found to mediate the relationship between (1) destination evangelism and travel commitment and (2) destination evangelism and distinctiveness.Research limitations/implicationsThe research offers meaningful insights into exploring constituents of destination evangelism. The research also understands and highlights the critical role of information-seeking engagement about distinct destinations.Practical implicationsThis research highlights key areas to build, improve and inspire destination evangelism on SMTCs.Originality/valueThis study offers a fresh contribution to tourism literature by investigating destination evangelism and its drivers. This is explained by closely uniting vital research streams of evangelism, tourism and engagement. It further highlights the dual mediating role of information seeking, suggesting that these engagements are critical to evangelizing destinations.

The Dispersion of Health Information Seeking Behavior and Health Literacy in a State in the Southern United States: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Transmission of health information has changed over time from in-person communication to online sources. Patients are able to find, understand, and use their health information without meeting with a healthcare provider and are able to participate more in their healthcare management. In recent years, the Internet has emerged as the primary source of health information, though clinical providers remain the most credible source. Ease of access, anonymity, and busy schedules may be motivating factors to seek health information online. Social media has surfaced as a popular source of health information as it can provide news at a real-time speed. The increase in the breadth and depth of health information online has also led to a plethora of misinformation and individuals are often unable to discern fact from fiction. Competencies in health literacy can help individuals better understand health information and enhance patient decision-making as adequate health literacy is a precursor to positive health information seeking behaviors. Several factors such as age, sex, and socioeconomics are known to moderate the association between health literacy and health information seeking behaviors. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine the relationship between health literacy and health information seeking behaviors for individuals living in a southern state in the United States considering different demographic factors. METHODS Participants 18 years of age and older were recruited using Qualtrics Research Services and were stratified to match statewide demographic characteristics of race and age. Demographics and frequency and source of health information was collected. The Health Literacy Questionnaire was used to collect self-reported health literacy experiences. SPSSV27 was used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 520 participants met the criteria and completed the survey (mean age 36.3, SD 12.79 years). The Internet was cited as the most used source of health information (mean 2.41, SD 0.93). Females are more likely to seek health information from doctors (r = 0.121, P < .01). Older individuals are less likely to seek health information from the Internet, social media, and friends (r = -.090 to -.225, P < .05) than younger individuals. Cluster analysis demonstrated that individuals with higher levels of health information seeking behaviors are more likely to seek information from multiple sources than those with lower levels of health information seeking behavior (mean range 3.05 – 4.09, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Age and sex are significantly associated with health information seeking behaviors (HISB). Older adults may benefit from online resources to monitor their health conditions. Higher levels of health literacy are significantly associated with greater HISB. Targeted strategies to improve HISB among individuals with lower levels of health literacy may improve their access, understanding, and use of health information.