The PsMYB12L/PsDFR Module is Involved in Double-Color Formation in Paeonia Suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’

Background: Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’ is a extremely precious double-color cultivar in the world because of its unique and attractive flower color. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of its double-color formation have not been completely unravelled until now. In the present study, firstly, the full-length cDNA sequence, genomic DNA sequence, promoter region sequence of the PsDFR gene in the red and pink petals of the ‘Shima Nishiki’ cultivar were cloned and analyzed, respectively. Meanwhile, the methylation level of CpG island and promoter region of this gene in the red and pink petals was also measured. Moreover, the identification of regulatory effect of PsMYB114L/PsMYB12L and PsDFR was performed. Results: Here, we found that the full-length cDNA sequence, genomic DNA sequence, promoter region sequence of PsDFR were identical in the red and pink petals, respectively. There were some differences for the methylation level of this gene in the red and pink petals, but these differences were little and didn’t show obvious regularity. In addition, the regulatory effect of PsMYB12L and PsDFR was successfully identified. Conclusions: Based on these above results, we concluded that PsMYB12L regulating the differential expression of PsDFR may be a key reason for the double-color formation. These results will advance our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of double-color formation in P. suffruticosa ‘Shima Nishiki’.

The Importance of Body Part Labeling to Enable Enterprise Imaging: A HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community Collaborative White Paper

In order for enterprise imaging to be successful across a multitude of specialties, systems, and sites, standards are essential to categorize and classify imaging data. The HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community believes that the Digital Imaging Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Anatomic Region Sequence, or its equivalent in other data standards, is a vital data element for this role, when populated with standard coded values. We believe that labeling images with standard Anatomic Region Sequence codes will enhance the user’s ability to consume data, facilitate interoperability, and allow greater control of privacy. Image consumption—when a user views a patient’s images, he or she often wants to see relevant comparison images of the same lesion or anatomic region for the same patient automatically presented. Relevant comparison images may have been acquired from a variety of modalities and specialties. The Anatomic Region Sequence data element provides a basis to allow for efficient comparison in both instances. Interoperability—as patients move between health care systems, it is important to minimize friction for data transfer. Health care providers and facilities need to be able to consume and review the increasingly large and complex volume of data efficiently. The use of Anatomic Region Sequence, or its equivalent, populated with standard values enables seamless interoperability of imaging data regardless of whether images are used within a site or across different sites and systems. Privacy—as more visible light photographs are integrated into electronic systems, it becomes apparent that some images may need to be sequestered. Although additional work is needed to protect sensitive images, standard coded values in Anatomic Region Sequence support the identification of potentially sensitive images, enable facilities to create access control policies, and can be used as an interim surrogate for more sophisticated rule-based or attribute-based access control mechanisms. To satisfy such use cases, the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community encourages the use of a pre-existing body part ontology. Through this white paper, we will identify potential challenges in employing this standard and provide potential solutions for these challenges.