Research Ethics in Universities

The ethically process in research is time consuming because we also find a difficulty when judging different problems seeing that many regulations have ambiguous meaning. For ethics commission members it appears to be a burden when it comes to analyze the research ethics issues. The main reason is represented by the increased subjectivism and also the differences between an institutions to another or even between different countries. This study aim is concentrated around the ethics problems that appear in the research field. Each researcher must be informed about the research ethics and make an individual effort to find the appropriate information that fits to his personal interest regarding all possible ethics issues that can appear in his interest domain. A specialist with integrity and common sense it is supposed to act with active and politically correct conscience during his research activity especially in experimentation systems and afterwards when results dissemination is prepared for publishing. The intellectual property is the most important set of exclusive rights granted to original creations or extraordinary research results. The ethics commissions around the world would appreciate, protect and encourage all the politically correct behavior in this vast domain.

Befangenheit von Mitgliedern der Ethik-Kommission im Rahmen klinischer Arzneimittelstudien

Due to unknown health risks, clinical drug trials on humans are subject to particularly rigid medical end ethical-legal standards. Their observance is monitored by the ethics commission in consultation with a higher federal authority. In light of the economic interest of pharmaceutical companies in the approval of the study, and of the limited number of experts, especially in specialist medical areas, conflicts of interest may occur in this context. Against this background, the author deals with the requirements of the exclusion of commissioners, as well as with the consequences of unauthorised involvement. Due to the regulation (EU) No. 536/2014 and the following 4th amendment, the legal situation with respect to conflicts of interest, as well as the licensing procedure, was altered. The author discusses, in particular, the new allocation of responsibilities between the ethics commissions and the higher federal authority.

Nurses performance in clinical ethics committees and commissions: An integrative review

Background: The research on nursing professionals in Clinical Ethics Committees and Nursing Ethics Commissions occurs in different parts of the world; however, little information on this subject is found in the literature. Objective: This study analyzed national and international publications in relation to the participation of nursing professionals in Clinical Ethics Committees. Research design: This was an integrative review of articles published in national and international journals between 1994 and 2016 which described the participation of nursing professionals in ethics commissions. Participants and research context: A total of 35 articles were selected. Discussion and conclusion for this article: The thematic categories were the need for time to discuss ethical issues; ethics committee to reduce the moral suffering of professionals; competencies required for participation; and barriers/difficulties and facilitators for implementation/ performance. It was concluded that professionals recognize the need for ethics committees to foster discussions. However, barriers hamper operation and fundamental competencies for participation. Communication of committee activities to professionals and educational activities may be major allies to improve the functioning of these committees.

State ethics commissions : determinants and effects of commission adoption

Many state legislatures have adopted state ethics commissions over time. Beginning in the late 1960?s and early 1970?s, ethics laws, campaign finance reforms, and state ethics commissions diffused across states. With the adoption of both ethics commissions and ethics reforms, it has been taken as self-evident that these bodies have been adopted due to political scandal, that they reduce political corruption, that they increase public trust and confidence in government, and that they boost public approval of state political institutions. However, these claims have, in many cases, failed to be systematically and empirically examined. As a result, little scholarly attention has been paid to studying the determinants or effects of adopting these institutions. In an attempt to understand why states adopt ethics commissions, and the effects of doing so, the central questions that my dissertation will address are: Why do state legislatures adopt ethics commissions? And, does the adoption of these institutions have any effects on political corruption, trust and confidence in government, or public approval of state political institutions? I find that state ethics commissions are adopted in the wake of political scandal and because of the increasing need for administration of campaign finance laws. I also find that although state ethics commissions have no effect on corruption and trust and confidence in government, they do positively impact public approval.