Digital research data: from analysis of existing standards to a scientific foundation for a modular metadata schema in nanosafety

Background Assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is an interdisciplinary and complex process producing huge amounts of information and data. To make such data and metadata reusable for researchers, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities, there is an urgent need to record and provide this information in a structured, harmonized, and digitized way. Results This study aimed to identify appropriate description standards and quality criteria for the special use in nanosafety. There are many existing standards and guidelines designed for collecting data and metadata, ranging from regulatory guidelines to specific databases. Most of them are incomplete or not specifically designed for ENM research. However, by merging the content of several existing standards and guidelines, a basic catalogue of descriptive information and quality criteria was generated. In an iterative process, our interdisciplinary team identified deficits and added missing information into a comprehensive schema. Subsequently, this overview was externally evaluated by a panel of experts during a workshop. This whole process resulted in a minimum information table (MIT), specifying necessary minimum information to be provided along with experimental results on effects of ENMs in the biological context in a flexible and modular manner. The MIT is divided into six modules: general information, material information, biological model information, exposure information, endpoint read out information and analysis and statistics. These modules are further partitioned into module subdivisions serving to include more detailed information. A comparison with existing ontologies, which also aim to electronically collect data and metadata on nanosafety studies, showed that the newly developed MIT exhibits a higher level of detail compared to those existing schemas, making it more usable to prevent gaps in the communication of information. Conclusion Implementing the requirements of the MIT into e.g., electronic lab notebooks (ELNs) would make the collection of all necessary data and metadata a daily routine and thereby would improve the reproducibility and reusability of experiments. Furthermore, this approach is particularly beneficial regarding the rapidly expanding developments and applications of novel non-animal alternative testing methods.

Material Analysis and a Visual Guide of Degradation Phenomena in Historical Synthetic Polymers as Tools to Follow Ageing Processes in Industrial Heritage Collections

Identifying the most vulnerable plastics and monitoring their deterioration is one of the main problems within heritage collections with historical synthetic polymers. Gathering and interpreting data about material and degradation phenomena in a collection reveals its conservation needs. A systematic survey of the collection can help towards this purpose. Surveys aiming at inspecting and documenting damages rely on several tools in order to fulfill their purpose. Firstly, objective descriptions of the damages that may appear, and secondly, the means of acquiring and interpreting material information. To address these needs, this article presents (a) a visual damage catalogue of degradation phenomena in plastic and rubber materials, and (b) the implementation of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) for the identification of analytically challenging rubber materials and of blooming phenomena. The damage catalogue is based solely on visual and olfactory signs, so that the assessment is independent of possible causes of damages and underlying processes, with the purpose of allowing objectivity to prime over interpretation. The limitations of the use of FTIR in the identification of heavily compounded rubbers in museum surveys is highlighted, and examples are presented. The use of py-GCMS on these cases conveniently allowed the identification of the constituting monomers of several rubber materials where FTIR could not provide a univocal classification of the material present. The study of several cases of blooming allowed the identification of diverse compositions and origins, showing that the description of a degradation phenomenon is only the first step towards its understanding. Unveiling the nature of a particular case of blooming is particularly critical when conservation treatments, such as the removal of a (potentially protecting) layer, are planned. For this purpose, attenuated total reflection-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) as a surface technique was particularly useful.

Logistic approaches to the organization of sales activities of the enterprise

The competitive position of enterprises in today's market depends on their ability to ensure the availability of goods to consumers and the level of quality of their sales activities. The article outlines the peculiarities of logistics approaches to the sales activities of the enterprise from the standpoint of the organization of sweat processes. The purpose of the article is to develop a theory and develop principles of flow organization of sales activities of the enterprise. The methodological basis is the integrated use of ontological and epistemological approaches, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the provisions of modern concepts of logistics. The use of the flow organization of sales activities of the enterprise is based on the formation of a logistics chain and a single integrated system of flows – a set of objects connected in a certain way, moving in space and time and adapted to quantitative and qualitative transformations. The principles and criteria for evaluating the innovativeness of the flow organization of sales activities of the enterprise are substantiated. It is substantiated that innovation in modeling the flow organization of sales activities of the enterprise is manifested as follows: a minimum of total logistics costs; maximum value added at existing costs; elasticity of the logistics system, ie rapid adaptation to changes in the environment; consistency of resource (input) and information flows; total quality management. It is concluded that the application of logistics approaches to the organization of sales activities of the enterprise provides a holistic model of enterprise management, creates prerequisites for its economic development, increase sales based on accelerating material, information, resource and other flows, optimizing overall costs for a given level of customer service. Activation of basic factors of product competitiveness in the market.

Who Pays Attention to SEC Form 8-K?

The SEC requires public companies to disclose material information on Form 8-K within four days of a triggering event. We show that, on 8-K event and filing dates, there is significant abnormal attention on Bloomberg terminals, which are a source of information for institutional investors, while traditional media attention tends to be higher on filing days. Significant price discovery occurs on the event date and on the days between that day and the filing date. The traditional media coverage on the filing day appears to attract the attention of retail investors and leads to further price changes in the direction of the pre-filing day price change. Institutional investors exploit this price pressure via opportunistic liquidity provision. Overall, our evidence suggests that the Form 8-K filing may have little direct informational benefit, particularly to retail investors.

YOUTUBE AS A MEDIA FOR STUDENTS’ COMPREHENSIVE LISTENING ABILITY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN BEKASI

Learning in the listening aspect is still difficult for middle and upper level students. This is a consequence of weak vocabulary, structure, and speaking skills. Comprehensive listening skills are often complained by some students. It needs improvement and learning innovation in the current century. This study aimed to determine whether there was an increase in learning outcomes after utilizing youtube as a learning media, how big the impact was and how the learning process using you tube media was. This study used an experimental method of pretest and posttest only. Respondents were 35 students of SMP Alikhlas class VI Bekasi. The data were taken from the test before and after being given treatment using YouTube media. The data were processed with SPSS 20 and then tested for normality and homogeneity first, then processed using a paired sample test. The results showed that there was an increase of 12.2941. The use of youtube improved listening skills. Utilizing Youtube included looking for material/information, watching and listening to material, analyzing and distributing material to students and teachers. The recommendation was that teachers could try to provide the widest possible time and space for students to improve their abilities independently, including using YouTube in learning. Consistent evaluation and supervision is the key to the success of learning using youtube media.

Three-Dimensional Non-Destructive Inspection Using Novel Infrared-Terahertz Fusion Approaches

The imaging of structures with a complex material composition and geometry is still a challenge in the field of non-destructive testing (NDT). In this study, a non-invasive imaging technique is proposed for the non-destructive inspection of both cultural heritage and natural fiber composites. The proposed technique combines the surface information provided by infrared thermography (IRT) and the internal structure retrieved with terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy using an unsupervised deep residual fusion network. Experiments show that the fusion results contain more material information than a single modality. In addition, 3D imaging has been achieved using the fusion results on natural fiber composites.

Inward FDI: Characterizations and Evaluation

Definition: Foreign direct investment can be defined as an investment made by an entity (usually a company) incorporated in a home country in the business interests of a host country, in the form of either establishing new business operations or acquiring controlling interest in existing business assets. Foreign direct investment is expected to meet the following characteristics: (1) the capital movement is typically accompanied by further technological, material, information, financial or personnel flows; (2) the foreign direct investor effectively controls facilities abroad; and (3) the investor has a long-term interest in the host country.

The Inheritance and Development of Dunhuang Dance to the Musical Dance Art of Dunhuang Frescoes

Dunhuang frescoes carry the essence of millennia of civilization and are rich in historical and scientific value. In the continuous progress of history, the artistic styles of different eras have merged, and finally formed the very charming Dunhuang musical dance art, which has been widely welcomed. Under the background of the information age, people integrate digital technology with the Dunhuang fresco art of musical dance, which not only improves the preservation time of Dunhuang frescoes, but also allows this art to be presented to people and allows Dunhuang culture to be spread and inherited. The elements in the Dunhuang frescoes in our country are very rich and can be applied to all aspects. Many professionals have gradually realized its importance, and by transforming its creative vehicle, users can deeply understand and further appreciate the Dunhuang musical dance art and learn the knowledge of frescoes while experiencing the product. At the same time, based on the existing frescoes and restoration drawings created by researchers, combined with the special design principles of the product, a visual interface with a sense of structural hierarchy was designed. The classic Dunhuang fresco musical dance images are sorted out to build a rich material information database. At the same time, the interactive display is divided into different modules according to the research content of Dunhuang fresco musical dance art, and the content of the characteristics of the times, music meaning and dancing image are designed. Finally, Unity3D is used to realize the interactive display design of Dunhuang fresco musical dance art.

Di-terial – Matching Digital Fabrication and Natural Grown Resources for the Development of Resource Efficient Structures

The research presented in this paper focusses on the concept of “Di-terial” which aims to merge digital design and fabrication technology with natural materials such as bamboo poles and raw timber. It proposes a digital workflow that uses sensing techniques to gain individual material information of natural, unprocessed construction resources and identify their individual strengths and characteristics and therefore its potential in load-carrying structures. This information is then used to develop bespoke designs and fabrication concepts, bridging the gap between unprocessed material and automated fabrication setups. Two case studies, developed to prove this concept, are described and compared. Both cases focused on the development of spatial structures using node-bar combinations of local resources.

Pemanfaatan Media Video Animasi dan Permainan Tradisional dalam Bimbingan Belajar Siswa SD Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

The purpose of tutoring for the students of SDK Kekandere 2 is to help students understand the material well in the midst of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic situation. The learning media used during tutoring are animated videos and traditional games as learning methods. The purpose of using animated videos is to make students more enthusiastic about participating in learning and also to increase students' understanding of the material they are learning. Traditional games are used so that students do not get bored easily or students can learn while playing. Besides that, it also helps students to find their own concepts because previously students only got material information from the teacher. And in between learning activities, reading exercises were carried out for students who were not yet fluent in reading. The results of the tutoring carried out can improve students' understanding, students are very enthusiastic about participating in the learning process and students are able to learn to find their own concepts even though they are not perfect. Meanwhile, to read only needs regular practice from students.