Adult Alphitobius diaperinus Microbial Community during Broiler Production and in Spent Litter after Stockpiling

The facilities used to raise broiler chickens are often infested with litter beetles (lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus). These beetles have been studied for their carriage of pathogenic microbes; however, a more comprehensive microbiome study on these arthropods is lacking. This study investigated their microbial community in a longitudinal study throughout 2.5 years of poultry production and after the spent litter, containing the mealworms, was piled in pastureland for use as fertilizer. The mean most abundant phyla harbored by the beetles in house were the Proteobacteria (39.8%), then Firmicutes (30.8%), Actinobacteria (21.1%), Tenericutes (5.1%), and Bacteroidetes (1.6%). The community showed a modest decrease in Firmicutes and increase in Proteobacteria over successive flock rotations. The beetles were relocated within the spent litter to pastureland, where they were found at least 19 weeks later. Over time in the pastureland, their microbial profile underwent a large decrease in the percent of Firmicutes (20.5%). The lesser mealworm showed an ability to survive long-term in the open environment within the spent litter, where their microbiome should be further assessed to both reduce the risk of transferring harmful bacteria, as well as to enhance their contribution when the litter is used as a fertilizer.

Secure transmission technique for data in IoT edge computing infrastructure

Nowadays, the utilization of IoT technology has been rapidly increased in various applications such as smart city, smart banking, smart transport, etc. The internet of things allows the user to collect the data easily using the different sensors installed at various locations in the open environment. The data collection process by the IoT sensors is giving access to the various services. However, due to the open communication medium, it is difficult to provide secure access to these services. In this paper, a data transmission technique has been proposed, which will provide secure communication in IoT infrastructure for smart city applications. In this method, each IoT sensor have to prove their legitimacy to the reader and the base station before the transmission of data. Hence, the IoT sensors can transmit the required data in a secure and efficient way. In the proposed technique, the proof of correction shows that the required information is not supposed to send through an online medium, it is obtained at the receiver using the Euclidean parameters shared by the IoT sensors. The proposed technique is compatible to provide the security against most of the attacks performed by the attackers. Two random variables and complex mathematical calculation are making the proposed technique more reliable than others. This technique will significantly improve the security of different data transmission services which will be helpful to improve the smart city infrastructure.

Biotization of tissue culture banana plantlets with Methylobacterium salsuginis to enhance the survival and growth under greenhouse and open environment condition

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotization on tissue culture banana cv. Grande Naine plantlets growth and survival under greenhouse and open environmental condition (exposed to direct sunlight). Methodology: Banana plantlets were transferred from culture flasks to protray and maintained under the greenhouse and open environmental condition for 30 days with or without M. salsuginis TNMB03 treatment. After 30 days, plant growth parameters like pseudostem height, girth, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry biomass, root parameters, plantlet survival, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein and Methylobacterium population in upper and lower surface of leaf, as well as endophytic population were assessed. Results: This study showed that the plantlets biotized with M. salsuginis TNMB03 had better acclimatization response under both the experimental condition than that of uninoculated plantlets. Positive influence on the survival and growth of M. salsuginis TNMB03 biotized plantlets was observed when transferred directly to greenhouse and open environmental condition. Inoculation of M. salsuginis TNMB03 increased the plant height, girth and number of leaves, root length, lateral root and biomass in comparison to the uninoculated plantlets in greenhouse and open environment. Uninoculated plantlets kept under open environment had lower chlorophyll content and sun scorching damages compared to M. salsuginis TNMB03 inoculated plants, which had dark green leaves and increased chlorophyll content. Interpretation: This study shows a new potential technique of using M. salsuginis TNMB03 in tissue culture plantlets, which can help in enhancing the growth of plantlets transferred from culture vessel to greenhouse or open environmental condition without undergoing the routine acclimatization procedure.

Performance of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) varieties under Azadirachta indica L. shade and open condition in hot-arid region of Rajasthan

The mustard production and productivity of the hot arid region of Rajasthan is dominated by both genetic makeup and environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted with four mustard varieties (RGN-73, RGN-229, RH-30 and Pusa bold) in two growing environments (open environment and neem shade). Pusa bold gave significantly higher plant height than other varieties. Among varieties, RGN-73 had significantly higher number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation per plant, siliquae per plant, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency than other varieties. However, significantly higher test weight was in Pusa bold variety. Under open environment condition, significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency were found as compared to neem shade environment. The results revealed that variety RGN-229 took more days for completion of life cycle as compared to other varieties, hence RGN-229 variety required significantly more degree days than other varieties. The pheno-thermal index was significantly higher in open condition.

CRIMINAL PROTECTION OF MINORS FROM ACTS OF ABUSE IN ‎THE ALGERIAN ‎PENAL CODE

The Algerian legislator has paid special attention to childhood by ‎following ‎a strict criminal policy and setting up deterrent and injunctive ‎legal texts and ‎provisions for anyone who is tempted to exploit his ‎weakness and ‎helplessness to attack him and prejudice his physical and ‎psychological ‎integrity. Among the most important things that reflect this ‎protection are ‎the provisions in Article 269 of the Penal Code and what ‎follows. Which ‎criminalized every form of physical abuse that a minor ‎child under the age of ‎‎16 may be exposed to due to his physical ‎weakness and inability to defend ‎himself, especially in the face of the ‎closest people to him, his parents, those ‎who take care of him or those ‎who have authority over him, as he extended ‎protection in all Places ‎where he can be found while he is under this age. ‎Whether within the ‎family, in the nursery, at school, in nursing homes for ‎paramedic ‎children, or in the interests of the open environment

Preface

Due to recent pandemic, the 2021 International Conference on Energy, Power and Electrical Engineering (EPEE 2021) which was planned to be held in Jilin, China, was held virtually online during September 24-26, 2021. The decision to hold the virtual conference was made in compliance with many restrictions and regulations that were imposed by countries around the globe. Such restrictions were made to minimize the risk of people contracting or spreading the COVID-19 through physical contact. There were 100 individuals who attended this online conference, represented many countries including Malaysia, Australia, Ireland and China. As a leading role in the global megatrend of scientific innovation, China has been creating a more and more open environment for scientific innovation, increasing the depth and breadth of academic cooperation, and building a community of innovation that benefits all. These endeavors have made new contribution to globalization and creating a community of shared future. EPEE 2021 aimed to promote an exchange of recent and advanced information among scientists and engineers in the wide field of “energy„, “power„ and “electrical engineering„. The forum is also aimed particularly at promoting communication and collaboration between fundamental researchers and those engaged in the development of practical technology in respective areas of energy, power and electrical engineering. List of Committee member is available in this pdf.

Conversion of Public Green Open Spaces to Facilitate the Tourist Industry

Green open space is a space is dominated by an open environment, it can be in the form of parks, green lines, or recreational facilities. The benefits of having green open space in an area are that it can improve the quality of the environment, create environmental harmony and balance, provide freshness, a place for water absorption, and as a component of the structure and space of the city. In the development of an area, the ecological value of the land is often sacrificed to be replaced with a more economical function, such as the construction of additional facilities in the tourism area. To maintain the benefits of green open space, this study discusses the increasing use of green open space in the construction of tourism supporting facilities, especially those in Giriloyo Batik Village. This research is expected to be used as a consideration for the management of the Giriloyo Batik Village area, which later on the area can be managed properly, both in terms of physical and non-physical. This study used qualitative research methods. The impact of the construction of tourism support facilities in Giriloyo Batik Village shows that in the last 14 years there has been a change in land use. In particular, the change in the use of green open space as a support for tourism areas of 3 hectares or 3% of green open space is now used as built-up land. The tourism facilities in question include Gazebo Batik, cottage industries, dam, parking areas, and secretariats that put pressure on the land.