Modelling long-term COVID-19 impacts on the U.S. workforce of 2029

While ensuring employment opportunities is critical for global progress and stability, workers are now subject to several disruptive trends, including automation, rapid changes in technology and skill requirements, and transitions to low-carbon energy production. Yet, these trends seem almost insignificant compared to labor impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. While much has been written about the pandemic’s short-term impacts, this study analyzes anticipated long-term impacts on the labor force of 2029 by comparing original 2029 labor projections to special COVID-adjusted projections recently published by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Results show that future demand for nearly every type of labor skill and knowledge will increase, while the nature of work shifts from physical to more cognitive activities. Of the nearly three million jobs projected to disappear by 2029 due to COVID, over 91% are among workers without a bachelor’s degree. Among workers with a degree demand shifts primarily from business-related degrees to computer and STEM degrees. Results further show that the socialness of labor, which is important for both innovation and productivity, increases in many more industries than it decreases. Finally, COVID will likely accelerate the adoption of teleworking and slightly decrease the rate of workforce automation. These impacts, combined with a shift to more cognitive worker activities, will likely impact the nature of workforce health and safety with less focus on physical injuries and more on illnesses related to sedentary lifestyles. Overall, results suggest that future workers will need to engage more often in training and skill acquisition, requiring life-long learning and skill maintenance strategies.

Variation Orders and Their Effects of Erbil Governorate Projects

Variation order plays an important role in calculating the final cost and time. The paper aims to determine the causes of variation orders in projects performed between 2007-2014 in Erbil governorate projects. Data was collected from contract documents. Performed in the Erbil governorate projects from 2007-2014. The study seeks to identify the most significant causes of delays by assessing the common causes of delays in terms of frequency, severity and important indices of owners, consultants and contractors related to the implementation of public construction projects in Erbil Governorate. The data acquired from the questionnaire given to the engineers involved in executing of these projects and 73 forms were returned. The results showed that the ranking of overall causes of variation order from highest to lowest was "Contractor's financial difficulties", " Change of plans or scope by owner", "The required labor skill are not available", "Differing site conditions", "Owner's financial problems", "Design change originated by owner", "Errors and omissions in design", " The required equipment and tools are not available", Inadequate working drawing details", and " Change in design by the engineer or consultant". The source of "Errors and omissions in design", "Inadequate working drawing details”, and Change in design by the engineer or consultant" is consultant.

PERANCANGAN MODEL BISNIS MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BUSINESS MODEL CANVAS UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN USAHA KECIL MENENGAH

This research aim is to formulate business model for developing Batik Tulis Lasem Industry. The research object is Batik Tulis Lasem industry in Rembang Regency. The collecting data used is questioner and interview. The sample is 42 Batik Tulis Lasem entrepreneurs taken by purposive sampling. Analyzing data used is descriptive analysis technique, SWOT analysis and Business Model Canvas Approach. The result of the research shows that business model developed is Business Model Canvas by considering Existing condition. Some segment blocks must be developed and created. Customer segment block is the customers’ segment based on the area developed. Motif and design patent proposed have to be developed in value propositions block, and creating interesting design, motif and the packaging. The use of Dekranasda Showroom has to be improved in channels block and created the outside area promotion, e-marketplace and online selling. In costumer relationship block must be improved the services qualities and created customers’ fulfillment and loyalty. In revenue stream block must be developed and created the existing currents from product variation. In key resources block must be improved the labor skill. Key block activities must be carried out to improve capacity and quality of human resources. Key partnership is the existing condition improved and networking created for the same field entrepreneurs. Cost structure is the existing condition survived

Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and their Role in Employment Generation in Nepal

SMEs have historically played an important role in contributing to employment generation of many countries around the world. Naturally all businesses start as small businesses or even start out of small businesses initiated by individuals. It is imperative to give high priority to Nepalese labor, skill and raw material based domestic investments to promote national level industries for achieving employment. This study has used regression analysis to investigate relative changes in the position of the Nepalese small and medium scale enterprises (SME's) to the employment between the time period 2046 and 2073 based on secondary data. It has examine the dynamic relationship among the SMEs and employment in Nepal and found to be significant and positive relationship in between SMEs and employment of Nepal. It implies that number of employment was seemed to be mostly influenced by number of SMEs. However it was and still is contributing significant role in employment generation in Nepal.

Mechanised Rubber Tapping Devices

Kerala is the leading State in India for rubber plantations and grows to 92% of the Country’s total rubber production. Rubber is an important agricultural plantation, rapidly expanding in to both climatically optimal and suboptimal environmental conditions. Tapping of rubber trees is a skill oriented work and the labors availability in this field is a big problem faced today, which affected the natural rubber productivity in the plantations of Kerala. The unskilled labors cannot be used for traditional method of rubber tapping. This condition warrants the need of a semi-automatic or mechanised rubber tapping machine, which doesn’t need labor skill. The present study explains the Designs and other specifications of four Models of mechanised Rubber Tapping Devices

Industrial Development in Nepal: Problems and Prospects

Industry has historically played an important role in contributing to economic growth and employment of many countries around the world. It is imperative to give high priority to Nepalese labor, skill and raw material based domestic investments to promote national level industries for achieving high employment and economic growth. So, this study examines analytically the industrial development of Nepal for the period 1960 to 2018 based on secondary data. As an outcome of this sector is found to be a more potential sector and contributing a significant role in sustain and wide economic growth in Nepal even in reality it has less contribution as its potential capacity in the past.