Liberating Language Education

This book engages with new ways of understanding language that include other resources and practices and bring to the fore its messiness, unpredictability and interconnectedness. The chapters illustrate how a translingual and transcultural orientation to language can provide a point of entry to reimagining language education in the 21st century.

Ratatoskr: An Open-Source Framework for In-Depth Power, Performance, and Area Analysis and Optimization in 3D NoCs

We introduce Ratatoskr , an open-source framework for in-depth power, performance, and area (PPA) analysis in Networks-on-Chips (NoCs) for 3D-integrated and heterogeneous System-on-Chips (SoCs). It covers all layers of abstraction by providing an NoC hardware implementation on Register Transfer Level (RTL), an NoC simulator on cycle-accurate level and an application model on transaction level. By this comprehensive approach, Ratatoskr can provide the following specific PPA analyses: Dynamic power of links can be measured within 2.4% accuracy of bit-level simulations while maintaining cycle-accurate simulation speed. Router power is determined from RTL-to-gate-level synthesis combined with cycle-accurate simulations. The performance of the whole NoC can be measured both via cycle-accurate and RTL simulations. The performance (i.e., timing) of individual routers and the NoC area are obtained from RTL synthesis results. Despite these manifold features, Ratatoskr offers easy two-step user interaction: (1) A single point-of-entry allows setting design parameters. (2) PPA reports are generated automatically. For both the input and the output, different levels of abstraction can be chosen for high-level rapid network analysis or low-level improvement of architectural details. The synthesizable NoC-RTL model shows improved total router power and area in comparison to a conventional standard router. As a forward-thinking and unique feature not found in other NoC PPA-measurement tools, Ratatoskr supports heterogeneous 3D integration that is one of the most promising integration paradigms for upcoming SoCs. Thereby, Ratatoskr lays the groundwork to design their communication architectures. The framework is publicly available at https://github.com/ratatoskr-project .

Vaccine tourism: an emerging topic of discussion

Vaccine tourism (also known as vaccine vacation) is a term that recently became popular once travel agents started offering tours abroad along with COVID-19vaccination doses as a package in early 2021. Vaccine tourism is a kind of medical tourism where people are offered to get two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, stay in that country, and a tour of that country. It is based on a 3- ‘V’ policy: Visit-Vaccination-Vacation. ‘Vaccine passport’ is a term often confused with vaccine tourism. A vaccine passport is a document of proof that the person has taken a vaccine against that particular disease and is asked to produce it at the point of entry to a different country. This is similar to an immunity passport in which a person is tested for an antibody after a certain duration of taking the vaccine and if the antibody is positive, that means the person is protected against that disease. The history of this goes back to the time when people entering the ‘British Pandharpur' or pilgrims to Mecca for Hajj were asked for a vaccine certificate, a scar of vaccination, or pitted face as a sign of smallpox survival. For COVID-19 WHO has not advised in favor of vaccin

Endogenous Endophthalmitis in COVID-19 Patients

Intrinsic endophthalmitis is indeed behavior that causes eye disease that spreads into the bloodstream from a distant primary site. The intraocular disease caused by hematogenous microbial proliferation is known as indigenous endophthalmitis. Extrinsic and intrinsic endophthalmitis are the two types of endophthalmitis that exist. The presence of an external point of entry is linked to extrinsic endophthalmitis. Intrinsic endophthalmitis is a kind of septicemia caused by a blood-borne infection. Endophthalmitis is a disease of all the inner coating of the eyeball except the sclera and cornea, which is accompanied by substantial, increasing vitreous swelling. Endophthalmitis is a severe ocular crisis with severe visual and general consequences. An exterior injury of the entrance, such as injury, operation, or an inflamed cornea, is the most prevalent route of entry for potential pathogens. Endophthalmitis has a complex etiology, with many pathogenic species and substantial regional heterogeneity. The treatment of endophthalmitis has evolved dramatically during the last century. Endophthalmitis induced by direct inoculation dissemination of pathogenic microbes is a rare occurrence that occurs most commonly in sick or disadvantaged people. Intravenous medication usage, diabetes mellitus, immunological impairment, cancer, prolonged hospitalization, or systemic antibiotic therapy have all been linked to a 0.04 percent incidence rate. Haden described metastatic endophthalmitis in a seriously sick patient with pneumococcal cerebrospinal encephalopathy treated with intravenously anti-meningococcal serum in the 1918 volume of the Journal Ophthalmology. Endogenous endophthalmitis, unlike extrinsic endophthalmitis, needs comprehensive systemic antibiotic treatment. In indigenous endophthalmitis, the illness originates not in the eye but elsewhere in the body. As a result, it is necessary to obtain comprehensive cultures. Patients are sometimes unable to carry out their functions in society or household. As a rest, the person cannot cope financially and socially in his environment. Many social and influential factors are disturbed, and the patients are often depressed. Cosmetically the surgeries are not satisfying. Artificial prosthetics can be used, but they're seldom of minimum functional importance. Such interventions can be helpful for the patient. The focus should be made to deliberately save the patients and not just the cosmetic value of the surgery. Persons with chronic endophthalmitis had more excellent eyesight than people with symptomatic or subacute endophthalmitis. Improvements in eyesight were observed in individuals with persistent or subacute keratitis several months after the surgery more frequently than in people with symptomatic endophthalmitis. Nevertheless, in 40 percent of the overall all instances with an abrupt start, there have been no improvements or even decrease in visual acuity.

Performance and Religion: Dancing Bodies in Macedonian Orthodox Fresco Painting

Although dance as a topic has been explored through various theoretical and thematic discourse, little attention has been paid to the presence of dance motifs in Christian imagery. An examination of Orthodox Macedonian medieval fresco painting provides a fascinating point of entry into this overlooked subject. Analysis reveals the presence of two dominant approaches, conditioned primarily by the position of dancing in the philosophical-ethical discourse present in the Bible and other late antique and medieval theological texts. Some frescoes and icons show the body as a channel through which the Lord is glorified. Others show it as an instrument and reflection of immorality instigated by demonic powers. As in each approach, the bodies have differing semantic qualities, valuable information can be obtained about the performing practices present in this historical period.

Endoscopic Anatomy of the Zygomatic Nerve: Implications for the Endoscopic Transmaxillary Approach

Background Understanding the anatomic features of the zygomatic nerve is critical for performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach properly. Injury to the zygomatic nerve can result in facial numbness and corneal problems. Objective To evaluate the surgical anatomy of the zygomatic nerve and its segments from an endoscopic endonasal perspective for clinical implications of performing the endoscopic transmaxillary approach. Methods The origin, course, length, and segments of the zygomatic nerve were studied in four specimens from an endonasal perspective. Results The zygomatic nerve arises 4.1 ± 1.7 mm from the foramen rotundum of the maxillary nerve in the superolateral pterygopalatine fossa (PPF). According to its anatomic region in endonasal endoscopic surgery, we divided the zygomatic nerve into two segments: the PPF segment, from origin to the point of entry under Muller's muscle, which runs superolaterally to the inferior orbital fissure (IOF) (length, 4.6 ± 1.3 mm), and the IOF segment, starting at the entry point in Muller's muscle and terminating at the exit point in the IOF, which travels between Muller's muscle and the great wing of the sphenoid bone (length, 19.6 ± 3.6 mm). In the transmaxillary approach, the zygomatic nerve is a critical landmark in the superolateral PPF. Conclusion The zygomatic nerve travels in the PPF and the IOF; better visualization and preservation of this nerve during endonasal endoscopic surgery are crucial for successful outcomes.

Imágenes paceñas: El mago de la ciudad paceña moderna

In this essay we disentangle what Jaime Saenz conceives of as the “magic” of La Paz as elaborated in Imágenes paceñas. We analyze magic from three complementary angles. First, we focus on the relationship between magic and unease. This take on magic is associated in the text, in an unexplicit and tangential way, with non-Western culture; that is, the Aymara indigenous. Our second point of entry intersects the first. The version of La Paz that Saenz depicts is moved by unfamiliar cultural forces. As a consequence, it is a product of, and produces, a distinct form of inhabiting characterized by a temporality that troubles that of modernity; this, too, results in a sense of magic. Finally, in our third approach to magic, we analyze the tensions derived from the visual and written registers Saenz combines in this text. In the montage forged between text and photography, writing is employed to maintain somewhat hidden, and for that reason alive, the magical aspects of the city. And so, the author is in part a magician: he reveals something only to distract, all in the name of protecting the very conditions that enable his art.

Continuous Mobile User Authentication Using Combined Biometric Traits

Current state of the art authentication systems for mobile devices primarily rely on single point of entry authentication which imposes several flaws. For example, an attacker obtaining an unlocked device can potentially use and exploit it until the screen gets locked again. With continuous mobile user authentication, a system is embedded into the mobile devices, which continuously monitors biometric features of the person using the device, to validate if those monitored inputs match and therefore were made by the previously authenticated user. We start by giving an introduction towards the state of the art of currently used authentication systems and address related problems. For our main contribution we then propose, implement and discuss a continuous user authentication system for the Android ecosystem, which continuously monitors and records touch, accelerometer and timestamp data, and run experiments to gather data from multiple subjects. After feature extraction and normalization, a Hidden Markov Model is employed using an unsupervised learning approach as classifier and integrated into the Android application for further system evaluation and experimentation. The final model achieves an Area Under Curve of up to 100% while maintaining an Equal Error Rate of 1.34%. This is done by combining position and accelerometer data using gestures with at least 50 data points and averaging the prediction result of 25 consecutive gestures.

Immunisation and the law : slippery slope to a healthy society

<p>The immunisation of children against communicable diseases is a crucial public health intervention with both individual and collective outcomes. Current New Zealand immunisation policy prioritises parental autonomy, but has not succeeded in actively targeting all of the factors that prevent parents from ever making informed immunisation decisions. Consequently, our coverage rates are unsatisfactory both in absolute (by reference to the goal of 'population immunity') and relative terms. In order to have a realistic chance of meeting the Ministry of Health's optimistic coverage targets, it is necessary to consider whether New Zealand's comparatively weak immunisation law could be strengthened to eliminate the phenomenon of 'passive' non-immunisation without fatally undermining the decision-making capacity of parents. If this is not possible, then either the goal of population immunity or the prioritisation of individual choice must be abandoned. Of the three options for law reform explored by this paper, two are thought to be unworkable because they would, or should, be perceived as failing to achieve the delicate balance between individual freedom and public good. These are, first, a universal mandatory immunisation requirement, which may be justifiable in principle but would almost certainly encounter prohibitive public opposition; and, secondly, a targeted law that would require beneficiaries to make active decisions about immunisation, and (it is submitted) represents an unwarranted misuse of the vulnerability of those dependent upon taxpayer support. The reform option recommended is more moderate and more equitable. Creating a legal presumption in favour of immunisation, at the point of entry into primary school, would shift New Zealand from its current paradigm of 'informed consent' - whereby parents must actively opt in to immunisation - to a United States-style model that required parents who wished to opt out of immunisation to undergo a 'informed refusal' process. The stringency of this process would depend upon the degree to which policy-makers were satisfied that only those parents whose deeply held convictions prevented them from being open to persuasion were attempting to invoke it. Unless the size of the anti-immunisation lobby significantly increases, it is suggested that an informed refusal requirement could successfully tackle the problem of passive non-immunisation, thereby discharging the State's responsibility to further the interest of all New Zealanders in achieving and maintaining population immunity levels.</p>

Immunisation and the law : slippery slope to a healthy society

<p>The immunisation of children against communicable diseases is a crucial public health intervention with both individual and collective outcomes. Current New Zealand immunisation policy prioritises parental autonomy, but has not succeeded in actively targeting all of the factors that prevent parents from ever making informed immunisation decisions. Consequently, our coverage rates are unsatisfactory both in absolute (by reference to the goal of 'population immunity') and relative terms. In order to have a realistic chance of meeting the Ministry of Health's optimistic coverage targets, it is necessary to consider whether New Zealand's comparatively weak immunisation law could be strengthened to eliminate the phenomenon of 'passive' non-immunisation without fatally undermining the decision-making capacity of parents. If this is not possible, then either the goal of population immunity or the prioritisation of individual choice must be abandoned. Of the three options for law reform explored by this paper, two are thought to be unworkable because they would, or should, be perceived as failing to achieve the delicate balance between individual freedom and public good. These are, first, a universal mandatory immunisation requirement, which may be justifiable in principle but would almost certainly encounter prohibitive public opposition; and, secondly, a targeted law that would require beneficiaries to make active decisions about immunisation, and (it is submitted) represents an unwarranted misuse of the vulnerability of those dependent upon taxpayer support. The reform option recommended is more moderate and more equitable. Creating a legal presumption in favour of immunisation, at the point of entry into primary school, would shift New Zealand from its current paradigm of 'informed consent' - whereby parents must actively opt in to immunisation - to a United States-style model that required parents who wished to opt out of immunisation to undergo a 'informed refusal' process. The stringency of this process would depend upon the degree to which policy-makers were satisfied that only those parents whose deeply held convictions prevented them from being open to persuasion were attempting to invoke it. Unless the size of the anti-immunisation lobby significantly increases, it is suggested that an informed refusal requirement could successfully tackle the problem of passive non-immunisation, thereby discharging the State's responsibility to further the interest of all New Zealanders in achieving and maintaining population immunity levels.</p>