Deuda pública en México: dinámica e implicaciones de política

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that have driven the public debt in Mexico and its consequences on the economy. The hypothesis proposed is that the increase in debt is related to factors such as discretion in the management of public resources, the guarantee of oil resources, the cost of financial bailouts and the growing social spending exercised. The research question is: How has public debt evolved in the medium and long term, and what are the consequences? The methodology used is qualitative in that it analyzes the facts and documents, and the second is quantitative in that it uses a regression model in which a growth rate of the variable in question is used. The data come from institutions such as the Bank of Mexico, the World Bank, the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), as well as World Population Review. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for governments to adopt responsible policies in order to influence growth and economic development, and not that austerity policies cause low investment and unemployment in the country.

KINERJA, KENDALA, DAN STRATEGI PROGRAM KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT SEKTOR PERTANIAN KE DEPAN

<p class="A04-abstrak2">Agricultural funding institutions need capital business. The challenge of the Agriculture Sector Public Credit Program is to increase reach program, institutional regulations, empowerment, and synergy. Some of the problems of the Agriculture Sector Public Program include low absorption rates, schemes, program coverage, assistance, and institutions. Policy recommendations among others; increase people business credit proposals agricultural, provide the people business credit scheme with a base and groups like the farmer's group, involving Agribusiness Micro Finance Institution and cooperatives, extending branch of the bank and the of a companion. Recommendations empowerment and synergies between other; addition and strengthening the role of Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator, special programs the agricultural sector (people plantation and holder livestock) with the ceiling adjusted to the proposal, joint responsibility, business partner, Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator in Sector Public Credit Program special enough important. Cooperation with the Field Agriculture Extension necessary for the socialization is at the farmer's group and gapoktan. The technical team's provincial and district role is to performance monitoring Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator.</p>

FACTURACIÓN ELECTRÓNICA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA AUMENTAR LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LA EMPRESA

El uso de las tecnologías de la información (Tics) en el mundo actual hace que las empresas se estén innovando, es por ello que hoy nace lo que se conoce como facturación electrónica la cual fue implementada por la Secretaria De Hacienda y Crédito Público , misma que entró en vigor en el año 2004 dejando atrás el uso de la facturación tradicional para poder tener un mejor control, y de igual forma con el servicio de administración tributaria, la factura electrónica nos ayuda como una herramienta que para efectos de recaudación del SAT sea más eficiente, además de que se evita el fraude, como la compra de facturas, esto ayuda para que las empresas mejoren su productividad y puedan tener mejores controles así como disminuir sus gastos para ello se ha llevado a cabo una investigación documental recabando información de diferentes fuentes para así obtener un entendimiento del impacto que tuvo la facturación electrónica en las empresas.Palabras clave: Facturación Electrónica, Productividad, Beneficios, Herramienta, Tecnología. ABSTRACT: The use of information technology (IT) in today’s world makes companies innovate, which is why today is born what is known as electronic invoicing which was implemented by the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit, which came into force in 2004 leaving behind the use of traditional billing to have better control, and likewise with the tax administration service, The electronic invoice helps us as a tool that for purposes of collection of the SAT is more efficient, in addition to preventing fraud, such as the purchase of invoices, this helps companies improve their productivity and can have better controls as well as reduce their costs for this has carried out a documentary research collecting information from different sources in order to obtain an understanding of the impact that electronic invoicing had on companies.Key words: Electronic Invoicing, Productivity, Benefits, Tool, Technology.

Credit Information Sharing and Loan Loss Recognition

Does enhancing banks' information sets and understanding of credit risks improve loan loss recognition? We study this question using a global dataset of staggered initiations and coverage increases of public credit registries (PCRs). Mandated by national regulators, PCRs collect borrower and loan information from lenders and share it with the banks in the financial system. This setting represents a significant improvement in banks' assessment of loss events. We find that PCR initiations and coverage reforms enhance the timeliness of banks' loan loss recognition-the extent to which loan loss provisions capture subsequent nonperforming loans. The effects are greater when PCRs distribute more information and are not driven by changes in borrower quality or supervisory stringency. Overall, these inferences are consistent with improvements in banks' information sets leading to better provisioning decisions.

The role of finance in inclusive human development in Africa revisited

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the direct and indirect linkages between financial development and inclusive human development in African countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a battery of estimation techniques, notably: two-stage least squares, fixed effects, generalized method of moments and Tobit regressions. The dependent variable is the inequality adjusted human development index. All dimensions of the Financial Development and Structure Database of the World Bank are considered.FindingsThe main finding is that financial dynamics of depth, activity and size improve inclusive human development, whereas the inability of banks to transform mobilized deposits into credit for financial access negatively affects inclusive human development.Practical implicationsPolicies should be tailored to improve mechanisms by which credit facilities can be provided to both households and business operators. Surplus liquidity issues resulting from the inability of banks to transform mobilized deposits into credit can be resolved by enhancing the introduction of information sharing offices (like public credit registries and private credit bureaus) that would reduce information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers.Originality/valueThis study complements the extant literature by assessing the nexus between financial development and inclusive human development in Africa.

The role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine

Purpose. The main aim of the article is defining the essence of public credit, as well as analysis of the role of public credit in the economic development of Ukraine. Methodology of research. A set of general scientific research methods is used to achieve the defined goal and objectives, thanks to which the scientific literature on the topic of scientific research is generalized. Thus, generalization methods are used to substantiate the concept of “public credit”. The system approach allowed to investigate the essence of the concept of the sign and features of the concept of “public credit”. Methods of analysis and synthesis are used to determine the dynamics of government borrowing, including domestic government bonds, as well as to assess the positive and negative significance of public credit for the economies of Ukraine. Findings. Peculiarities and essence of state credit are investigated. Based on the fact that the modern financial policy of Ukraine determines the objective need to use government borrowing, in a market economy, the institution of public credit is becoming increasingly important in the financial system of the country. The dynamics of government borrowing volumes, in particular, the dynamics of domestic government bond volumes are analysed. It is established that during the period under study in this form of raising funds were the largest, which is due to large-scale renewal of the banking system of Ukraine; the vast majority of government borrowings were short-term and carried out for a period of one to three years. The reduction of government borrowing in foreign currency was facilitated by the deterioration of the investment climate in the country due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. The expediency of using a state loan and the negative impact of this on the economy of Ukraine are outlined. Originality. Recommendations for the rational use of public credit resources for their most effective use are developed in the article. Practical value. The results of the study can be used to develop a program of optimal and rational use of government borrowing with maximum benefit. Key words: state credit, borrowing, domestic government bonds, yield.