Are Gross Motor Skill Interventions an Equitable Replacement for Outdoor Free Play Regarding Children’s Physical Activity?

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine if children engaged in equal amounts of physical activity during an established gross motor skill intervention (the Children’s Health Activity Motor Program (CHAMP)) and outdoor free play. Design Cross-sectional study; sample: Ninety-nine children (Mage = 4.21, 51% boys) were randomly divided into two movement environments: CHAMP (n = 55) or control/outdoor free play (n = 44). Measures Physical activity was assessed using GT3X+ Actigraph accelerometers worn on the waist across four mornings. Average physical activity across the four days during either CHAMP or outdoor free play was extracted and categorized as light, moderate, vigorous, or MVPA. Physical activity data were reduced in the Actilife software using the cutpoints from Evenson et al. Analysis A 2 (treatment) x 2 (sex) mixed measures ANOVA was used to compare the amount of time children spent in light, moderate, vigorous, and MVPA. Results There was a significant main effect for treatment for light PA (F(3,95) =13.60, P<.001, partial η2=.125), and post hoc t-tests support that children in the control/outdoor free play group engaged in more light PA compared with children in CHAMP (t95 = −3.75, P<.001). Conclusions Results show that children in CHAMP engaged in less light PA but equal amounts of all other physical activity behaviors than their peers in outdoor free play.

Phonological characteristics of novel gesture production in children with developmental language disorder: Longitudinal findings

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD; aka specific language impairment) are characterized based on deficits in language, especially morphosyntax, in the absence of other explanatory conditions. However, deficits in speech production, as well as fine and gross motor skill, have also been observed, implicating both the linguistic and motor systems. Situated at the intersection of these domains, and providing insight into both, is manual gesture. In the current work, we asked whether children with DLD showed phonological deficits in the production of novel gestures and whether gesture production at 4 years of age is related to language and motor outcomes two years later. Twenty-eight children (14 with DLD) participated in a two-year longitudinal novel gesture production study. At the first and final time points, language and fine motor skills were measured and gestures were analyzed for phonological feature accuracy, including handshape, path, and orientation. Results indicated that, while early deficits in phonological accuracy did not persist for children with DLD, all children struggled with orientation while handshape was the most accurate. Early handshape and orientation accuracy were also predictive of later language skill, but only for the children with DLD. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS ON GROSS MOTOR SKILL IN PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN

Background and Purpose : Nutritional status is one aspect that influences children’s development. Children whose nutritional needs are not being met are at risk of experiencing developmental disorders, where one aspect of development that is affected is their gross motor skills. Indonesia has a number of malnutrition up to 17.7% with a motor disorder rate of 13-18%. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and gross motor skill status of children aged 60-72 months in Islam Al karomah Surabaya Kindergarten. Methods : This study use obervational analytic method with cross sectional design study design. The sample in this study were children who attend Islamic Al Karomah kindergarten in Surabaya. The number of samples was 40 respondents in the Islam Al Karomah Surabaya Kindergarten. The sampling technique of this study was total sampling with nutritional status as independent variable and gross motor skill status as dependent variable. The instuments of this study are Z-Scores (Body Mass Index for age) and Developmental Pre Screening Questionnaire for collecting data and was analyzed by Fisher’s Exact test (a=0.05). Results : Almost all of the children with normal gross motor skills (78.1%) have a normal nutritional status with the results of Fisher’s Exact analysis shown p value = 0.007 (p<0.05). Conclusion : there is a relationship between the nutritional status and gross motor skill status of children aged 60-72 months in Islam Al karomah Surabaya Kindergarten.

Improving Gross Motor Skill By Traditional Games at Paud Gemilang in Bengkulu

This research is motivated by the undevelopment of rough motor of children, children have not been able to perform coordinated body movements to train flexibility, balance, and agility, have not been able to coordinate the movements of the eyes, feet, hands, head in mimicking, have not been able to do physical games with the rules. The purpose of this study is to find out if through traditional game of rope jumping can increase rough motor capacity in group B children in PAUD GEMILANG Bengkulu City. The method used is class action research. The conclusion of this study is that by using traditional game jump rope rough motor skills children can improve. The increase can be seen from the percentage increase after the implementation of actions in cycle I and cycle II. The implementation of the action in cycle I, the percentage of 75% (developed as expected), and the increase occurred significantly indicated in the second cycle with a percentage of 86% (developed very well).

La Matrogimnasia y el desarrollo motor en niños entre 7 y 8 años con parálisis cerebral (Matrogymnasia and motor development in children between 7 and 8 years old with cerebral palsy)

El siguiente estudio tiene por objetivo, mejorar el desarrollo motor grueso en niños de siete años de edad, con parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI), después de una intervención del método conocido como la Matrogimnasia. Basado en una metodología donde incluyen a los padres y representantes del menor, para mezclar la parte afectiva y al mismo tiempo, reforzar los ejercicios en el hogar. Es una investigación de tipo mixta, descriptiva, fenomenológica, de campo, apoyados hermenéuticamente en las teorías que permita aclarar y soportar la investigación. El estudio está basado en la relevancia de los ejercicios fisioterapéuticos que permite en primer lugar, desarrollar el sistema motor de los niños con PCI. Segundo, incluir en el método a los padres y representantes, con el propósito de intensificar el afecto familiar, y reforzar los ejercicios en el seno del hogar. Y, en tercer lugar, demostrar la importancia de la Matrogimnasia como método para el mejoramiento en niños con PCI. Se propone la adecuación de una serie de ejercicios bajo supervisión profesional especializada, que ayude al desarrollo cognitivo y motriz de los menores con la intención de mejorar su condición en cuanto a las posturas corporales y mentales. Abstract. The following study aims to improve gross motor skill development in children seven years of old, with cerebral palsy, after an intervention of the method known as Matrogymnasia. Based on a methodology that includes the parents and representatives of the minor, to mix the affective part and at the same time, reinforce the exercises at home. It is a mixed, descriptive, phenomenological, field research, hermeneutically supported in theories that allow to clarify and support-research. The study is based on the relevance of physiotherapy exercises that allows, first, to develop the motor system of children with children cerebral palsy. Second, include in the method the parents and representatives of the minor, with the intention of intensifying family affection and reinforce exercises from home. And thirdly, demonstrate the importance of Matrogymnasia as a method for improvement in children with children cerebral palsy. It is proposed the adaptation of a series of exercises under specialized professional supervision, which helps the cognitive and motor development of minors with the intention of improving their condition in terms of bodily and mental postures.

The Gross Motor Skill Differences Between Preschool Boys and Girl

Every stage in human development has different phase. Not only in every stage but also in gender, motor skill has their own characteristics. Moreover, there is a question of the validity and reliability of some tests used by the researcher. The study was conducted in Purworejo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. A total of 82 children enrolled in this study, including 12 children aged between 3-4 years, 36 children aged between 4 and 5 years, and 34 children aged between 5 and 6 years. The test of gross motor development-second (TGMD-2) edition was used to evaluate gross motor skill. Independent T-test was used to analyzed the final result. The findings of this study demonstrated that the boys have higher gross motor skills performance than the girls. The school can use this fact to plan curriculum that not based in gender. School must be a campaign system for gender equality