The Power of Voice to Convey Emotion in Multimedia Instructional Messages

This study examines an aspect of the role of emotion in multimedia learning, i.e., whether participants can recognize the instructor’s positive or negative emotion based on hearing short clips involving only the instructor’s voice just as well as also seeing an embodied onscreen agent. Participants viewed 16 short video clips from a statistics lecture in which an animated instructor, conveying a happy, content, frustrated, or bored emotion, stands next to a slide as she lectures (agent present) or uses only her voice (agent absent). For each clip, participants rated the instructor on five-point scales for how happy, content, frustrated, and bored the instructor seemed. First, for happy, content, and bored instructors, participants were just as accurate in rating emotional tone based on voice only as with voice plus onscreen agent. This supports the voice hypothesis, which posits that voice is a powerful source of social-emotional information. Second, participants rated happy and content instructors higher on happy and content scales and rated frustrated and bored instructors higher on frustrated and bored scales. This supports the positivity hypothesis, which posits that people are particularly sensitive to the positive or negative tone of multimedia instructional messages.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA TUTORIAL PEMBELAJARAN MATA KULIAH MEDIA FOTOGRAFI PEMBELAJARAN

One of the efforts to solve learning problems is by developing instructional resources. One of them is instructional tutorial. Based on the field observation, subject of photo media for Instruction (photography) in graduate program PBA of STAIN Kediri still employes instructional media (utilization). Thus, there is a need to develop media of instructional tutorial (by desaign) in order to overcome errors in delivering instructional messages. The aim of this study is to produce instructional media of subject of photo media for Instruction (photography) in the form of tutorial, lecturer guidance and students’ guidance which is expected to be able to help students gain knowledge of facts, concepts, and proper shooting procedures. The tutorial media is developed in terms of the study of the instructional technology which is based on the ADDIE model. The ADDIE model is a systematic instructional design model consisting of five phases: (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, (4) implementation, and (5) evaluation. Furthermore, the product of the development of the instructional interactive multimedia will be evaluated. There are six steps in the evaluation phase: (1) judgement of the matter expert/ the material expert, (2) judgement of the design expert, (3) judgement of the media expert, (4) individual trials, (5) small group trials, (6) large group trials/ field trials. The result of expert validation for this instructional media tutorial indicates that it is properly designed, 73%. The result of media expert validation shows that it is very properly designed, 83%. The result of design expert validation shows that it is very properly designed, 82%. Personal validation is on the proper category, 70%. Result of small group validation is on proper category, 70%. Moreover, the result for big group test or field test is on the very proper category, 95%. Suggestion proposed related with the use and developing of media tutorial is (1) lecturers should be more creative and innovative in delivering instructional messages contained in this tutorial in order to make learning to be more attractive, fun, and creative, (2) there is a need to develop instructional media for subject of photo media instruction (photography) or other subjects, (3) the use of designed in media tutorial should be more interesting to make learning more interactive and interesting

The role of unconscious information processing in the acquisition and learning of instructional messages

Esta revisión investiga cómo el procesamiento de la información inconsciente, puede ayudar a crear resultados satisfactorios en el aprendizaje, y puede ser utilizado para mejorar los retos de enseñar a los alumnos para regular sus procesos de aprendizaje. La búsqueda del modelo ideal del procesamiento de la información humana, para delimitar los procesos y los objetivos de aprendizaje es un tema recurrente en los estudios educativos. A pesar de que los procesos conscientes son los más implicados para la consecución de los objetivos educativos y de la preocupación por estos procesos, ello no se ha traducido necesariamente en aprendizaje satisfactorio de las informaciones educativas. Los estudios revisados aquí muestran que el inconsciente puede jugar un papel facilitador en la codificación, el almacenamiento, procesos de recuperación de información y actividades de aprendizaje, aún cuando la conciencia no puede lograr este objetivo. Para aprovechar las ventajas de los procesos, tanto conscientes como inconscientes, la literatura sugiere que los educadores deben utilizan ayudas visuales de enseñanza que optimizan el uso de la capacidad de memoria de trabajo y permitir así a los estudiantes formar imaginarios mentales, lo que facilita la comprensión de los mensajes educativos.

Learning and Knowing

This chapter aims to establish a clear distinction between learning and knowing. The chapter states that, in higher education learning, facilitates transfer of knowledge and builds the proposition that in higher education, learning essentially takes place when students construct meaning from various instructional messages. The authors build the discussion using literature and illustrate the argument using two cases to substantiate how learning and knowing are two different aspects. They argue that learning and knowing cannot be used interchangeably. The aim of higher education is to prepare students for the real world and the classroom is the simulated environment where students collaborate and learning facilitates transfer of knowledge.

Monkeys on the Screen?: Multicultural Issues in Instructional Message Design

With the shift in numbers between Canadian-born students in the university classroom and the increased number of international students, it is a primary concern for instructors and instructional designers to know and understand learner characteristics in order to create effective instructional messages and materials. Recognizing how culture might shape cognition and learning, we can value and design for the diversity of students and maximize their learning while improving the learning environment for all students. To celebrate cultural diversity and meet the challenges associated with designing for diverse learning styles and educational experiences, this paper offers a review of the literature and proposes a systematic three-fold approach to the creation and evaluation of multicultural instructional messages and materials: first, “Do no harm”; second, “Know your learner”; and third, “Incorporate global concepts and images into instructional messages.” Résumé Avec le renversement des proportions d’étudiants nés au Canada et d’étudiants internationaux qui sont de plus en plus nombreux dans nos universités, connaître et comprendre les caractéristiques des apprenants constitue maintenant une préoccupation majeure pour les instructeurs et les concepteurs pédagogiques afin de créer des messages et du matériel pédagogiques efficaces. En prenant en considération la façon dont la culture peut influencer la cognition et l’apprentissage, nous pouvons tenir compte de la diversité des étudiants lors de la conception et ainsi maximiser leur apprentissage tout en améliorant l’environnement d’apprentissage pour tous les étudiants. Dans le but de célébrer la diversité culturelle tout en relevant les défis associés à la conception pour divers styles d’apprentissage et d’expériences éducatives, le présent article présente un examen de la documentation et propose une approche systématique en trois volets pour la création et l’évaluation de messages et de matériel pédagogiques : premièrement, « ne pas nuire »; deuxièmement, « connaître l’apprenant »; et troisièmement, « incorporer des concepts et des images universels dans les messages pédagogiques ».