Interdiscourse as Inherent Characteristic of Institutional Discourse (on the Example of Educational Discourse)

The article is devoted to the types of interaction of educational discourse with other types of institutional communication: political, economic and medical. The author studies how fragments of discourse function and form semantic potential in official styles of speech where interdiscourse is traditional and describes forms of discourse genre interference caused by global events of 2020: coronavirus epidemic, presidential election in the USA and others. In the article educational discourse is understood in its broad sense which allows to examine the periphery of discourse practice where communication of individuals of equal status and variety of functional styles are natural. The process of interference is studied on micro and meso levels of discourse where certain lexico-sematic fields, key-words, clichs which characterize professional genres of communication serve as markers of interdiscourse and on macro level where historical and social context is considered to define functional styles. Methods of descriptive, discourse and contextual analyses are implemented. The author draws the conclusion that on all levels of institutional interaction the elements of educational discourse are semiotic components of communication, can serve as means of representation of political, economic or medical discourse practice, have pragmatic potential and can be used in argumentative or informative speech strategies the choice of which depends on the type of discourse. On macro level elements of educational discourse often extend beyond specific concepts limited to professional subjects and the discourse itself becomes a part of a bigger subordinating discourse formation.

Critical rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis in a critical pandemic world

This paper introduces the potentials of crossing critical rhetoric and Critical Discourse Analysis in analyzing public discourse concerning one of the “corona topics”, namely institutional communication about the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. The application of two complementary theoretical frameworks reveals discourse negotiation and naturalization of power and ideology in a persuasive discursive practice of issuing successive contradictory messages regarding the vaccine’s safety.

Los Atributos de las Competencias Digitales en la Transición de la Modalidad Presencial a la Virtual Provocada por la Emergencia Sanitaria en la Educación Superior Tecnológica de Ecuador

El estudio analiza la percepción de los atributos de las competencias digitales docentes en el período de emergencia sanitaria por la covid-19 durante el año 2020, teniendo en cuenta el efecto inicial, las estrategias como respuesta luego del primer momento y las tareas a tomar en cuenta para culminar este año escolar 2021 e iniciar el 2022. El estudio incluyó la participación de 86 docentes de la institución educativa Instituto Superior Tecnológico Juan Bautista Aguirre; Los instrumentos que se aplicaron fueron una encuesta, entre los resultados obtenido los más relevantes destacan la presencia de experiencias muy innovadoras, sin embargo, que luego siguieron a la frustración y la preocupación inicial en el nuevo escenario habilitado por el uso de la tecnología. También, el desarrollo de las Competencias Digitales Docentes las cuales varían según el tipo de zona geográfica, el involucramiento de la familia y el acceso a la tecnología y nivel de comunicación institucional que favorezca a el trabajo de la educación superior. No obstante, en este estudio se reconoce la labor docente para hacerle frente a los factores condicionantes, en lo económicos, emocionales y sociales. En que concierne a la tecnología, se evidencian heterogeneidades en la brecha de acceso y en el uso efectivo de la misma; por tanto, es reconocible la necesidad de trabajar mucho más en la retroalimentación efectiva partiendo desde un mejor control del accionar del estudiante, demandando un plan integral de formación docente en competencias digitales que contemple las diversas esferas que condicionan el proceso. The study analyzes the perception of the attributes of teaching digital competences in the health emergency period due to covid-19 during the year 2020, taking into account the initial effect, the strategies as a response after the first moment and the tasks to be taken in account to finish this school year 2021 and start 2022. The study included the participation of 86 teachers from the educational institution Instituto Superior Tecnológico Juan Bautista Aguirre; The instruments that were applied were a survey, among the results obtained the most relevant stand out the presence of very innovative experiences, however, which later followed frustration and initial concern in the new scenario enabled by the use of technology. Also, the development of Digital Teaching Competencies which vary according to the type of geographical area, family involvement and access to technology and level of institutional communication that favors higher education work. However, this study recognizes the teaching work to face the conditioning factors, economically, emotionally and socially. As regards technology, there are heterogeneities in the access gap and in its effective use; Therefore, the need to work much more on effective feedback is recognizable, starting from a better control of the student's actions, demanding a comprehensive plan for teacher training in digital skills that considers the various spheres that condition the process.

SOCIAL MEDIA IN INFORMATION WARFARE. ASSAULT WEAPON WITH HIGH RECOIL

Beyond the benefits or risks of individual or institutional communication through social media, we must note that it is the perfect environment for fake news and propaganda because of the speed of information propagation, the unfriendly environment for checking sources, algorithms behind social networks and, last but not least, the extremely low cost. In other words, the Internet and web 2.0 have created the favorable framework for the conduct of the war "for minds and hearts", as it can be called the information war waged through social media. Beyond these considerations, the non-regulation of the online domain - the lack of rules, be they deontological, make social media a powerful weapon of attack in this type of war. At the same time, the use of this space by state actors should be done with caution because it involves risks that could result in the loss of the most important action capacity: credibility. This article aims to analyze social media as a tool in information warfare

Looking for the optimum security architecture in Europe: EU and NATO – together or apart?

The recent years saw the most turbulent period of transformation of the liberal world order since the end of the Cold War. This directly aff ects transatlantic relations, historically serving as a beacon of the Washington’s foreign policy. This notwithstanding, while the U.S. foreign policy priorities have been changing, the members of the transatlantic community have seemed to be drifting further apart, which causes the development of alternative projects to maintain European security. This article aims to compare the current state of aff airs in the transatlantic and the European security systems, relying on the parameters, developed within the framework of the security communities theory, so as to access their feasibility and prospects. The author proceeds from the assumption that the relevant collective identity serves as a key factor for NATO’s and EU’s CFSP success and analyzes its ideational, institutional and practical components. New discourse is perceived as a starting point for transforming the identity of communities through formulating and justifying their main tasks. NATO is currently developing its new narrative while working on the alliance’s new strategic concept, with the EU elaborating on the idea of its “strategic autonomy”, creating a more vibrant and well-grounded story than NATO. However, to be translated into common practices the discourse should be rooted into a well-developed system of institutional communication channels, which is a distinctive feature of NATO, but not the EU. As a result, NATO’s experience in common practices, though not always successful and mutually complementing, creates an inertia within the community, providing for its stability and allowing for timely resolving inner confl icts. In this regard, the EU “strategic autonomy” is a matter of continuous systemic eff ort, rather than that of time.

Pembinaan dan Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah Otonomi Khusus di Papua

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Directorate of Regional Arrangement, Special Autonomy, and the Regional Autonomy Advisory Council in fostering and supervising the implementation of special autonomy in Papua, analyzing the supporting factors and obstacles to the performance of the guidance and supervision carried out by the directorate as well as analyzing the strategy of guidance and supervision in the administration of local government. Special autonomy in Papua. Descriptive qualitative research design through an inductive approach. Data obtained from observation, documentation, and interviews with key informants were then analyzed using triangulation to analyze supporting and inhibiting factors and strategies, used SWOT Matrix and Litmus Test. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that; (1) the directorate's performance in fostering and supervising the administration of the particular autonomous regional government in Papua has not been optimal; (2) performance supporting factors. Namely, organizational legality, human resources, leadership commitment, inter-institutional linkages, national priorities and access to coordination communication as well as performance inhibiting factors, namely, limiting regulations, limited funding, differences in employee orientation, national disintegration, 'span' of control which is far away, and the commitment between stakeholders is not optimal and; (3) the strategy resulting from this research is the "K5" strategy, namely strengthening in terms of Institutional, Communication, Coordination, HR Quality, and IT Quality. From this conclusion, the researcher provides suggestions, namely restructuring the directorate, preparing guidance and supervision instruments in the implementation of Papua's special autonomy, expanding cooperation networks or partnerships with stakeholders, developing digital-based information systems, facilitating employees to attend training or workshops, and a commitment to realizing the "K5" strategy.

A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward

Providing healthcare services that respect and meet patients’ and caregivers’ needs are essential in promoting positive care outcomes and perceptions of quality of care, thereby fulfilling a significant aspect of patient-centered care requirement. Effective communication between patients and healthcare providers is crucial for the provision of patient care and recovery. Hence, patient-centered communication is fundamental to ensuring optimal health outcomes, reflecting long-held nursing values that care must be individualized and responsive to patient health concerns, beliefs, and contextual variables. Achieving patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient clinical interactions is complex as there are always institutional, communication, environmental, and personal/behavioural related barriers. To promote patient-centered care, healthcare professionals must identify these barriers and facitators of both patient-centered care and communication, given their interconnections in clinical interactions. A person-centered care and communication continuum (PC4 Model) is thus proposed to orient healthcare professionals to care practices, discourse contexts, and communication contents and forms that can enhance or impede the acheivement of patient-centered care in clinical practice.

DISCOURSOLOGY: TRENDS AND TASKS (theoretical overview)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main directions and tasks of modern discourse as a branch of linguistics. The term "discourse" is used in different meanings and is the subject of study in different scientific areas. The purpose of the article is to provide a brief overview of the main directions of discourse analysis and to outline the main tasks of discoursology as a branch of linguistics. Depending on the methodological orientation, researchers distinguish the following areas of discourse research: formal, functional (represented by semiotic and situational approaches) and activity-based. The opposition of personality-oriented and status-oriented discourse is relevant. In the first case, communicators who know each other well take part in communication, in the second case, communication is reduced to a dialogue between representatives of one or another social group. Personal discourse is represented by two main varieties – existential and everyday discourses. The peculiarity of everyday discourse is the desire to compress the transmitted information as much as possible, to reach a special abbreviated code of communication. Existential discourse is designed to find and experience essential meanings, here we are not talking about obvious things, but about the artistic and philosophical comprehension of the world. Status-oriented discourse is an institutional communication, i.e. speech interaction of representatives of social groups or institutions with each other, with people who realize their status and role opportunities within existing social institutions, the number of which is determined by the needs of society at a particular stage of its development. Among its varieties are political, administrative, legal, military, pedagogical, religious, mystical, medical, business, advertising, sports, scientific, stage and media types of institutional discourse. The researchers note that the list may be supplemented or modified. The key problems of discourse analysis remain the structure and stratification of discourse, the establishment of its features, units, categories, types; elucidation of ways of organizing various discursive invariants, development of methods and procedures of analysis and description of discourses.

Communication, fear and collective trauma in first wave COVID-19 “double epidemic” in Italy: traces and clues

The Coronavirus epidemic has demonstrated just how unprepared our societies were for an occurrence of this kind. On March 2020, the Italian government was in fact the first in Europe to implement a strategy of lockdown on the whole national territory, not just in the areas where outbreaks occurred. The coronavirus crisis was concentrated in a specific area: in particular, the region of Lombardy and some isolated provinces in the north of Italy. So Italy has suffered a “double” epidemic, but the strategy adopted was uniform and radical. This contribution does not focus on the effectiveness of the Italian strategy per sè. The aim is rather to analyse the Italian Case from the point of view of media and institutional communications with the intention of bringing to light some critical issues. In particular, here it is posited that emergency communication produced during the “first wave” of pandemic has significantly contributed to fostering a climate of anxiety and collective fear with possible traumatogenic consequences. Within an emergency context, communication can be the thin boundary line between collective trauma and resilience and covid 19 pandemic was also a public communication crisis. This essay tries to analyse some traumatogenetic issues of institutional and media communication during the coronavirus crisis in Italy. Below a non-exhaustive list of these issues: A dramatic center-periphery coordination deficit; Wavering institutional communication; The “numerological” hegemony"; The absence of an “exit strategy”.