Narcotism as one of the urgent threats to the national security of Russia

The narcotics problem has plagued humanity throughout all stages of its development. However, in conditions of 21th century, the threat of narcotism has become very urgent. Studying the world experience in the narcotism control measures implementation, we can identify several main mechanisms of counteraction. In this study, we present and analyze these mechanisms in detail. As for Russia, we can say that we are implementing a repressive social control model, but there are rudiments and predispositions to a restrictive model. In general, the narcotics problem has plagued our country throughout history. We show the relation and ways of fight against narcotics in the conditions of different historical stages. However, in the 21th century, narcotic addiction has reached unprecedented proportions and now represents a very dangerous threat to our state. The involvement of a large number of people in such a harmful social phenomenon was influenced by a number of certain factors characteristic of Russia. The very dangerous threat of narcotism to the Russia national security is also shown by the state counteraction dynamism against this phenomenon. This study shows the main mechanisms of narcotism implementation.

Narcotic Addiction in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome

Back pain is a common health problem that reduces the quality of life for human beings worldwide. Several treatment modalities have been reported as effective for pain relief. Generally, patients often undergo surgical interventions as pain becomes intractable, after conservative treatment. With advances in surgical techniques, those choosing spinal surgery as an option have increased over time, and instrumentation is more popular than it was years ago. However, some patients still have back pain after spinal operations. The number of patients classified as having failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) has increased over time as has the requirement for patients receiving long-term analgesics. Because pain relief is regarded as a human right, narcotics were prescribed more frequently than before. Narcotic addiction in patients with FBSS has become an important issue. Here, we review the prevalence of FBSS, the mechanism of narcotic addiction, and their correlations. Additionally, several potentially effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of narcotic addiction in FBSS patients are evaluated and discussed.