How Does Tourist Experience Affect Environmentally Responsible Behavior?

Mountain tourism is an important part of China’s tourism market. Tourist behavior is essential to environmental protection and the sustainability of destinations. This paper takes environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) as an important tourist behavior. It breaks down the dimensions of the traditional tourism experience, such as hedonism, participation, novelty; or hedonism, involvement, novelty, local culture; and analyzes the influence of entertainment, education, aesthetics, and escape on place attachment from the nature of the tourism experience. It then incorporates nature bonding into the system of place attachment and analyzes the relationship with place attachment, tourist experiences, and ERBs in Qianshan Mountain, a 5A scenic spot in China. Partial least squares structural (PLS) equation modeling is used to analyze the data of 410 valid questionnaires. The results found that tourist experiences affect ERBs through place attachment. Nature bonding is the key factor of ERBs. The results are as follows: escape and aesthetics influence ERB through nature bonding; entertainment influences general ERB through place identity and nature bonding; education has a positive impact on general ERB through place identity and place dependence. Entertainment and education experiences partially affect place attachment. Place identity and nature bonding affect general ERB, but particular ERB is related only to nature bonding. The internal psychological mechanism of ERB is identified. In addition, mountain landscapes can be designed from the perspective of entertainment experiences, landscape aesthetic, leisure atmosphere and educational functions, so that tourists can spontaneously pay attention to environmental issues and engage in the practical activities of environmental protection.

The Effect of Tourism Experience on Tourists’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior at Cultural Heritage Sites: The Mediating Role of Cultural Attachment

With the rapid development of tourism and the explosive growth of tourist arrivals, the destructive effects of tourist activities on the ecological environment of tourist destinations are becoming increasingly severe, seriously restricting the sustainable development of these destinations. As one of the most important types of current tourist destinations, cultural heritage sites are in urgent need of a well-protected ecological environment. Environmental protection has already become an important task for their sustainable development. The behavior of tourists during visits, which plays a central role in tourist activities, has gradually become a key factor affecting the environment of tourist destinations. Therefore, approaches to effectively identify the mechanisms underpinning tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior have become a focus of both theoretical and practical domains. Based on a stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, our study established a mediation model based on cultural attachments, and explored the mechanisms affecting how cognitive, emotional, and cultural experiences influence tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior. The experience-attachment-behavior transmission mechanism was also considered. A structural equation model was applied to empirically test the 588 pieces of data collected from tourists involved in heritage tourism. The test results show that the cognitive, emotional, and cultural experiences delivered from tourist destinations of cultural heritage, positively affected tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior. Cultural attachment plays a partially mediating role between cognitive, emotional, cultural experiences and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior. These study results not only support theoretical research on the relationship between tourism experiences and tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior, but also indicate the effective driving pathways of tourists’ environmentally responsible behavior at the practical level. As such, this research provides both theoretical reference and practical guidance for the sustainable development of tourist destinations with diverse cultural heritages.

EXTENDED THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO EXPLAIN ENVIRONEMNTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR IN CONTEXT OF NATURE-BASED TOURISM

Promoting environmentally responsible behavior is important in preventing and reducing the environmental problem. This work focused on particular environmentally responsible behavior (avoiding and reducing littering). The present study extended the Theory of Planned Behavior (environmental knowledge, biospheric value, and positive emotional experience) to identify the factors influencing intended environmentally responsible behavior of tourists visiting nature based destinations in the context of Indonesia. Based on the data collected from 204 respondents through questionnaires survey using purposive sampling approach. The structural equation analysis shows that biospheric value, environmental knowledge, and positive emotional experience have a positive influence on attitude toward behavior. Besides, the result demonstrated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control have a significant positive influence on environmentally responsible behavior intention. The findings emphasized that positive emotional experiences have a strongest influence on attitude and perceived behavior control have a strong influence on environmentally responsible behavior. This work contributes to the sustainable development goals and environmentally responsible behavior in tourism behavior literature. Although, some limitations were acknowledged in this work, practical implication and future agenda for research are provided.

CAN SOCIAL MEDIA BE A TOOL FOR INCREASING TOURISTS’ ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR?

For the sustainable development of a tourism destination, environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) is a vital issue. This study developed an implicated model based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework showing the usages of social media by tourists regarded as a stimulus; environmental awareness, and place attachment generated from using social media regarded as an organism; and tourists' ERB thereby bringing behavioral intension regarded as responses. The integrated tourists' ERB model was experimentally tested using survey data from 467 Bangladeshi tourists by SEM-based methodology. The study found that social media has a beneficial effect on environmental awareness and place attachment, negatively impacting ERB. Furthermore, environmental awareness and place attachment has a favorable impact on ERB. This article discusses theoretical discoveries as well as practical consequences.

Factors Influencing Employee Productivity – A Saudi Manager’s Perspective

This study provides an in-depth exploration of the employee, managerial, and organizational factors that influence employee productivity from a Saudi manager’s perspective. A generic qualitative design with thematic analysis of 17 in-depth interviews with Saudi managers from different industries is employed. The findings demonstrate that the employee factors relate to the employee’s perceived personal gain of being productive and their sense of ethical responsibility to do so. Also, the managerial factors encompass aspects that are in the manager’s control and relate to the manager’s attitude towards and familiarity with their employees, responsible behavior, communication of company goals and strategies, time spent on personal evaluations of employees, and attention for employee recognition. Lastly, the organizational factors make working for a company (un)attractive and refer to tangible benefits, work flexibility, professional development opportunities, and the physical environment. The study offers insights for Saudi managers and companies on how employee productivity can be increased.

FORMATION OF A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AS A CURRENT DIRECTION OF SOCIAL AND PEDAGOGICAL WORK WITH ADOLESCENTS

The Healthy lifestyle`s formation is an actual problem of pedagogy, psychology and social work. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. The results of research of adolescents’ awareness of a healthy lifestyle are represented in the article. Teens are well informed about the basic concepts of a healthy lifestyle as detailed analysis showed. The process of forming responsibility for own life and health, conscious decision-making and overcoming cultural stereotypes about a healthy way of life requires special attention. The issues of saving, restoring health, and resistance to stress have become extremely relevant. Therefore, the analysis of the awareness of teens in matters of a healthy lifestyle has become necessary for the formation of a further algorithm for saving and restoring health. The analysis of research determined alcohol is an acceptable attribute that does not seriously interfere with a healthy lifestyle. This cognitive malformation is correlated with the promotion of alcohol and cigarettes on TV and web, also these harmful elements are acceptable in national traditions. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies. The correlation between family`s healthy lifestyle and resistance to stress is noticed. The families which respect a healthy lifestyle are more resistible to stresses during a pandemic time. It is manifested in more adequate statements and constructive predictions about the use of trends in health lifestyle`s technologies The most part of teens is trying to follow the healthy lifestyle`s rules and avoid harmful substances. Teenagers are interested in maintaining and restoring physical and psychological health during a pandemic. The gender aspect, processes of conscious behavior acceptance of consequences and motivation for the formation of responsible behavior require additional researches.

Covid-19 Vaccines and Institutional Trust

Major public and private laboratories entered into a race to find an effective Covid-19 vaccine. With the arrival of the vaccines, governments have to implement vaccination programs to achieve the necessary immunization levels to prevent further transmission of the disease. In this context, the ethical dilemma of compulsory vaccination vs. voluntary vaccination has been raised. Underlying this dilemma lies the problem of the ethical models on which the political decisions of governments in health matters based. The chapter proposes and argues the need to base health policy decisions on an ethical “first person” model, based on personal responsibility, that allows us to move from a normative ethic to an ethic of responsible behavior. This change in the ethical model, together with certain proposals for political action, will help us to restore institutional trust, so that the necessary levels of collective immunity against Covid-19 can be achieved through the voluntary vaccination of the citizens.

Individual and Typological Characteristics of Student Responsibility

В статье обоснована актуальность психологического исследования ответственности личности. Представлены отдельные психологические взгляды на проблему ответственности человека. Проанализированы результаты эмпирического исследования индивидуально-типологических особенностей данного свойства у студентов. Описаны содержательно-смысловой и инструментально-стилевой аспекты ответственности «энергичного» и «астенично-затрудняющегося» типов ее реализации, представители которых различались преимущественно динамическими, эмоциональными и регулятивными особенностями. Авторами установлено, что студенты с «энергичным» типом реализации ответственности, четко осознавая ее высокую важность для различных сфер жизни, демонстрировали устойчивое стремление к проявлению ответственности и развитию навыков ответственного поведения, преодолению возникающих трудностей и препятствий, ориентировались на свои внутренние ресурсы и силы, не полагаясь на помощь окружающих и волю случайных обстоятельств; ощущали большую результативность ответственного поведения в личностно значимой сфере, несмотря на то, что в основе их стремления к проявлению и развитию ответственности лежали и эгоистические, и социоцентрические цели и мотивы: они в равной мере руководствовались как личными установками, намерениями и интересами, связанными с удовлетворением собственных планов и исполнением желаний, самовыражением, раскрытием своих способностей и потенциала, так и стремлениями выполнить долг, оказать помощь близким, соответствовать ожиданиям значимых других. В различных ситуациях они переживали и позитивные, и негативные эмоции и чувства в зависимости от степени новизны и сложности предстоящей задачи, а также оценки достаточности собственной компетентности для ее выполнения. В то время как студенты с «астенично-затрудняющимся» типом реализации ответственности, также осознавая значимость данного свойства, проявляя его и при решении практических задач в предметной сфере, и в процессе саморазвития, самоактуализации и активно регулируя его проявления, характеризовались неустойчивым стремлением проявлять ответственное поведение, более негативным эмоциональным фоном, тревожностью, неуверенностью в себе в ситуациях необходимости проявления данного свойства. Знание специфических индивидуально-типологических особенностей ответственности студентов выделенных типов, учет сильных и слабых сторон этого важнейшего свойства личности у каждого из них помогут вузовским психологам, педагогам и самим студентам определить направления работы по его развитию и коррекции. The article substantiates the relevance of psychological research of personal responsibility. It analyzes different psychologists’ views on the issue of human responsibility. It analyzes the results of empirical research pertaining to individual and typological characteristics of student responsibility. It describes the conceptual and instrumental aspects of responsibility in vigorous and asthenic people who differ in their emotional dynamics and emotional regulation. The author maintain that vigorous students fully appreciate the importance of various spheres of life, they do their best to behave responsibly, to overcome challenges, to rely on their internal resources and strengths and not on external factors, such as external help. Vigorous students see the results of their responsible behaviour. Driven by initially selfish and sociocentric interests, these students assist others, fulfill their duties, meet the expectations of other people who are important for them. Facing a new task, such students assess whether they are competent enough to complete it. In different situations, they experience both positive and negative emotions. Asthenic students fully appreciate the importance of responsible behaviour, however, they do not always behave responsibly, they often experience negative emotions and anxiety. In situations that require responsible behavior, they experience problems with self-esteem and self-confidence. Knowing specific individual and typological characteristics of student responsibility, taking into consideration their strengths and weaknesses, university psychologists and educators will be ale to help students to become more responsible and efficient.