Kualitas Produk Peralatan Pertanian Hasil Tempa Panas Pengrajin Pande Besi Melalui Penerapan Desain Dapur Perlakuan Panas Model Tutup

The problems encountered by artisan blacksmiths based on the field study results: unable to detect incineration temperature of wood charcoal in the crucibles, crusts occurrence on the metal surface of scrap component of spring leaf SUP 9 after heating process in the exposed model heating treatment. The solutions taken were by transforming the kitchen design, from exposed model heating treatment to closeted model heating treatment, which aimed to avoid oxidation on the incinerated metal, thus crusts do not occur on its surface. The kitchen wall of closeted model heating treatment was made from fireproof bricks, held heat resistance, and carried a stable thermal conductivity out of wood charcoal incineration. A digital thermocouple was installed in the closeted model heating treatment kitchen to accurately measure the temperature of wood charcoal incineration results. The closeted heating model treatment kitchen was designed portable. The solution methods applied field study and descriptive analysis. The study generated a result of sturdiness value with 18.8 HRC average for hoe products was below the standard of sturdiness value according to SNI 02-0331-1989 and generated a result of kitchen wall of closeted model heating treatment made from red bricks with cement as the fastener could not stand the heat. The conclusion for the application of kitchen design of closeted model heating treatment were the sturdity values achieved 58 HRC with SAE 900 C as the cooling lube and the wear rate achieved 0.000165605 gram/m. This meant the wear resistance property was low which met the standard according to SNI 02-0331-1989. Abstrak Permasalahan pengrajin pande besi sesuai hasil studi lapangan: temperatur pembakaran arang kayu di dalam kowi tidak dapat dideteksi, permukaan logam bekas komponen pegas daun SUP 9 timbul kerak setelah proses pemanasan di dalam dapur perlakuan panas model buka. Metode pemecahannya melakukan inovasi pada desain dapur perlakuan panas model buka dirubah menjadi desain dapur perlakuan panas model tutup yang bertujuan: material logam yang dipanasi tidak teroksidasi, sehingga permukaan logam tidak timbul kerak, dinding dapur perlakuan panas model tutup terbuat dari bata tahan api, mempunyai sifat tahan panas serta konduktivitas panas hasil pembakaran arang kayu stabil, dapur perlakuan panas model tutup dipasang termokopel digital agar temperatur hasil pembakaran arang kayu terukur dan akurat, dan dapur perlakuan panas model tutup dirancang dapat dipindah-pindah tempat. Metode pemecahannya menggunakan metode studi lapangan dan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil-hasil temuan yang diperoleh angka kekerasan produk cangkul rata-rata 18,8 HRC masih di bawah angka kekerasan cangkul menurut SNI 02-0331-1989, dinding dapur perlakuan panas model buka terbuat bata merah dengan pengikat semen tidak tahan panas. Simpulan dengan penerapan desain dapur perlakuan panas model tutup, angka kekerasan mencapai 58 HRC dengan media pendinginan oli SAE 90 dan laju keausan 0.000165605 gram/m memenuhi SNI 02-0331-1989, sehingga sifat ketahanan ausnya rendah.

The rexinoid V-125 reduces tumor growth in preclinical models of breast and lung cancer

Rexinoids are ligands which activate retinoid X receptors (RXRs), regulating transcription of genes involved in cancer-relevant processes. Rexinoids have anti-neoplastic activity in multiple preclinical studies. Bexarotene, used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma, is the only FDA-approved rexinoid. Bexarotene has also been evaluated in clinical trials for lung and metastatic breast cancer, wherein subsets of patients responded despite advanced disease. By modifying structures of known rexinoids, we can improve potency and toxicity. We previously screened a series of novel rexinoids and selected V-125 as the lead based on performance in optimized in vitro assays. To validate our screening paradigm, we tested V-125 in clinically relevant mouse models of breast and lung cancer. V-125 significantly (p < 0.001) increased time to tumor development in the MMTV-Neu breast cancer model. Treatment of established mammary tumors with V-125 significantly (p < 0.05) increased overall survival. In the A/J lung cancer model, V-125 significantly (p < 0.01) decreased number, size, and burden of lung tumors. Although bexarotene elevated triglycerides and cholesterol in these models, V-125 demonstrated an improved safety profile. These studies provide evidence that our screening paradigm predicts novel rexinoid efficacy and suggest that V-125 could be developed into a new cancer therapeutic.

Pengaruh Model Eliciting Activities (MEA’s) terhadap Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) dan Self Esteem Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This research aims to know the effect of Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) and Conventional Learning Models to Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in mathematics and students self-esteem.The research was conducted at SMPN 200 and SMPN 53 Jakarta in the academic year 2020/2021. Design of this research is a post-test only experiment and control group design. The method used in this research was a quasi experiment. The instruments consist of the Higher Order Thinking Skills test, prior knowledge of mathematics test, and a questionnaire of mathematics self-esteem. The instruments have been checked in terms of validity and reliability. Two-way Anova was used for data analysis. The results show that: (1) Higher Order Thinking Skills of students who are given MEA’s is higher than the students who are given conventional Learning Models. (2) There is an enhancement of Higher Order Thinking Skills of students effected by prior knowledge of mathematics and Mathematics Learning Models. (3) Higher Order Thinking Skills of students with high KAM who are given MEA is higher than the students who are given Conventional Learning Model. (4) There is no significant difference in terms of Higher Order Thinking Skills between students with low KAM given MEA treatment and students given Conventional Learning Model treatment. (5) Mathematics Self Esteem of students given MEA treatment is higher than those given Conventional Learning Model treatment.

GROUNDSTROKE TRAINING MODEL BASED ON SITUATION GAME FOR FIELD TENNIS ATHLETES AGED 12-14 YEARS

This study aims to create a game situation-based groundstroke forehand and groundstroke backhand training model for tennis athletes aged 12-14 years and improve forehand and backhand skills using a game situation-based groundstroke training model for athletes aged 12-14 years. The research method used is the Research & Development Research & Development (R&D) Borg and Gall method. Subjects studied were 15 people and were athletes aged 12-14 years. The results of the pre-test test obtained an average of 31.73. Then, the post-test obtained an average of 40.00. The exercise correlation coefficient before and after the exercise model was given was 0.946 with a p-value of 0.00 < 0.05, so the conclusion was significant. In the mean difference test with SPSS, the mean = 8.26667 shows the difference between the pre-test and post-test, the result of t-count = 26,183, df = 19 and p-value = 0.00<0.05, which means there is a significant difference between before and after being given game situation based groundstroke training model treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the game situation-based groundstroke training model for tennis athletes at the age of 12-14 years is effective and can improve the forehand groundstroke.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Modul dan Metode Ceramah terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Peserta Didik Kejar Paket B di Kabupaten Barru

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model treatment posttest-only control group design. Populasi adalah peserta didik kejar Paket B yang dibina PPLS dan SKB Kabupaten Barru. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Penetapan kelompok yang diteliti diambil dari anggota sampel dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tes hasil belajar matematika Paket B kelas II dan data hasil pengukuran dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan teknik analisis statistik inferensial, yaitu anavar satu arah dan uji lanjut scheffe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) hasil belajar matematika Paket B kelas II untuk kelompok peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan modul maupun yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode ceramah masing-masing berada pada kualifikasi sedang. Hasil belajar matematika Paket B kelas II untuk kelompok peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan metode konvensional berada pada kualifikasi rendah dan (2) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar matematika Paket B kelas II antara kelompok peserta didik yang diajar dengan menggunakan modul, metode ceramah, dan metode konvensional

THE INFLUENCE OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON LEARNING OUTCOMES OF LIGHT VEHICLE ENGINE MAINTENANCE LESSONS

Abstract:. The purpose of this study is to test 1) The existence of learning outcomes of Light Vehicle Engine Maintenance (PMKR) between students who get the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and learning motivation on sent learning outcomes with conventional learning models, 2) There is an interaction between the PBL learning model and learning motivation on learning outcomes in PMKR lessons. 3) There are differences in the PMKR learning outcomes of students who have high learning motivation who receive the PBL learning model treatment. 4) There are differences in learning outcomes of light vehicle engine maintenance students who have low learning motivation who get the PBL learning model. This study used an experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population was 80 students, the sample to be used was 66 students taken using smple random sampling technique. Then from the 66 students into 2 groups where Group 1 gathered 33 students into the Experiment Class which was taught with the PBL learning model and Group 2 returned 33 students from the Control class who were taught by the conventional model. The results showed that there were differences in learning outcomes between students who received treatment Problem Based Learning learning model and students who received conventional learning model treatment. There is an interaction between the learning model and learning motivation. Students who have learning motivation are more suited to the PBL model, while students who have low learning motivation are more suited to using the conventional model.

In-vitro antifungal activity of leaf, stem bark and root extracts of Irvingia gabonensis against fungi associated with its seed deterioration

Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill seeds are often contaminated in storage by postharvest spoilage fungi. This study investigated the nutritional contents of the seeds, phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of different parts of the plant as well as their antifungal effects against fungi isolated from the deteriorated seeds. Proximate, mineral and phytochemical analyses were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. The antioxidant activity was against DPPH radicals. Ethanol extracts (100 and 200 mg/ml) of the various parts were screened against the isolates using pour plate method in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. The plates were examined for growth daily for 10 days. Data were statistically analysed. The healthy seeds contained higher protein (13.73%), fat (58.73%) and fibre (2.50%), whereas, higher content of moisture (10.17%) and carbohydrate (15.47%) were observed in the spoilt seeds. The leaf had highest contents of alkaloids (1228.3 mg/100 g), flavonoids (1345.9 mg/100 g), tannins (1345.9 mg/100 g), saponins (578.3 mg/100 g) and carotenoids (2348.3 μg/100 g). The antioxidant activity of the leaf (50.30%) was the highest. Fungi isolated from the deteriorated seeds were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Curvilaria lunata. The leaf was most effective against A. niger, A. flavus and C. lunata whereas the stem bark extract was most effective against A. fumigatus. The F-values were significant for model, treatment, concentration and number of days for the leaf and root. This study confirmed the antifungal activity of extracts of various parts of the plant against isolates implicated in the deterioration of its seeds. The extracts could be used as preservative to enhance the shelf-life and nutritional quality of the seeds. Keywords: Irvingia gabonensis, Spoilage of seeds, Antifungal activity, Free radical scavengers, Preservatives

Ruxolitinib Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Lung Inflammation in a Corticosteroid-Resistant Murine Model of Severe Asthma

Asthma prevalence has increased considerably over the decades and it is now considered as one of the most common chronic disorders in the world. While the current anti-asthmatic therapies are effective for most asthma patients, there are 5-10% subjects whose disease is not controlled by such agents and they account for about 50% of the asthma-associated healthcare costs. Such patients develop severe asthma (SA), a condition characterized by a dominant Th1/Th17 cytokine response that is accompanied by Type 2 (T2)-low endotype. As JAK (Janus Kinase) signaling is very important for the activation of several cytokine pathways, we examined whether inhibition of JAKs might lessen the clinical and laboratory manifestations of SA. To that end, we employed a recently described murine model that recapitulates the complex immune response identified in the airways of human SA patients. To induce SA, mice were sensitized with house dust mite extract (HDME) and cyclic (c)-di-GMP and then subsequently challenged with HDME and a lower dose of c-di-GMP. In this model, treatment with the JAK inhibitor, Ruxolitinib, significantly ameliorated all the features of SA, including airway hyperresponsiveness and lung inflammation as well as total IgE antibody titers. Thus, these studies highlight JAKs as critical targets for mitigating the hyper-inflammation that occurs in SA and provide the framework for their incorporation into future clinical trials for patients that have severe or difficult-to manage asthma.

MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MENGAPLIKASIKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) BERBASIS BAHAN AJAR GAMIFIKASI

1, 2, 3Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan, Lampung123e-mail: ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman matematis siswa dengan mengaplikasikan model pembelajaran Team Game Tournament (TGT) berbasis bahan ajar gamifikasi. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen dengan mengadopsi Quasy Experiment Design. Peneliti juga menggunakan cluster random sampling sehingga didapat kelas VIII A sebagai kelas eksperiment yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT), kelas VIII B kelas eksperiment yang menerapkan bahan ajar gamifikasi menggunakan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT), sedangkan kelas VIII C sebagai kelas kontrol yang pembelajarannya menggunkan metode tradisional. Hasil penelitian meunjukan bahwasanya terdapat pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran teams games tournament (TGT) menggunakan bahan ajar gamifikasi dalam meningkatkan penalaran matematis siswa. Peningkatan penalaran matematis siswa pada kelas dengan perlakuan model pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) menggunakan bahan ajar gamifikasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional. Kata kunci : Teams Game Tournament; Bahan Ajar Gamifiasi; Pemahaman Matematis ABSTRACTThis research aims to improve students’mathematical understanding by applying the Team Game Tournament (TGT) learning model based on gamification teaching materials. Researchers used experimental research methods by adopting the Quasy Experiment Design. Researchers also used cluster random sampling so that class VIII A was obtained as an experimental class using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model, class VIII B was an experimental class that applied gamification teaching materials using the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model, while class VIII C was a class. control learning using traditional methods. The results show that there is an effect of the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model using gamification teaching materials in improving students' mathematical reasoning. The improvement of students' mathematical reasoning in the class with the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model treatment using gamification teaching materials is better than the conventional learning model. Keywords : Teams Game Tournament; Gamification Teaching Materials; Mathematical Understanding

Model Sensitivity Study of the Direct Radiative Impact of Saharan Dust on the Early Stage of Hurricane Earl

Current studies report inconsistent results about the impacts of Saharan dust on the development of African Easterly Waves (AEWs), the African Easterly Jet (AEJ), and tropical cyclones (TCs). We present a modeling case study to further elucidate the direct radiative impacts of dust on the early development stage of a TC. We conducted experiments using the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem-V3.9.1) to simulate Hurricane Earl (2010) which was influenced by the dusty Saharan Air Layer (SAL). We used the aerosol product from ECMWF MACC-II as the initial and boundary conditions to represent aerosol distribution, along with typical model treatment of its radiative and microphysical effects in WRF. Our simulations at 36-km resolution show that, within the first 36 h, the presence of dust weakens the low-pressure system over North Africa by less than 1 hPa and reduces its mean temperature by 0.03 K. Dust weakens and intensifies the AEJ at its core and periphery, respectively, with magnitudes less than 0.2 m/s. Dust slightly shifts the position of 600 hPa AEW to the south and reduces its intensity prior to impacting the TC. Finally, TC with dust remains weaker.