Indonesian Language Learning Process Through Online System at SDN Class 1V Muara Tiku Musirawas Utara

This research is looking at the current conditions that hit the whole world, namely the corona virus pandemic. A pandemic that causes the entire order of world life to change in all fields, one of which is in the field of education. Due to a pandemic, all activities outside the home are limited. Education is very important in life, therefore education must continue to be carried out during this pandemic. Schools during the pandemic are completed remotely or also known as web or internet learning. Distance learning interactions can maintain distance, and do not cause extreme sports outside the home, of course to maintain health. Furthermore, to find on the web or the internet the learning steps are well done. Exploration is subjective and the subjects of this test are educators and students of SDN class 1V Muara Tiku. The exam cycle begins with the perception to decide on the school's internet learning interactions. Further meetings and documentation. The information collected is checked using reports or explanations from educators and students. The achievement of learning with an online framework in Indonesian language learning includes (a) the use of whatsapp gatherings, (b) dramatization techniques and online conversations, (c) supporting elements for picking up network distances that must be steady and displaced using media, (d) inhibiting factors for interaction learning is an organization that is often disconnected from the network, the topics are difficult to understand.

Development of Cave Tourism in the Domica Area in Slovakia

The purpose of the study. The main goal of the study is to determine the most effective solutions for the development of cave tourism and medical tourism, as well as the standard of living and infrastructure of the region, based on the used literature and the questionnaire research on tourism development. Applied methods. The study starts with information about the natural and geological heritage found in the Domica region in Slovakia. It continues with the discovery, construction and characterization of the most significant caves from a tourist and economic point of view. Following the professional characterization, the questionnaire research developed and evaluated in the last stage of the study analyzes the possibility of the development of cave tourism and health tourism in the immediate vicinity of the Domica Cave based on the opinions, remarks and experiences of the service providers in the area. Outcomes. Caves are called natural underground cavities that have formed as a result of geomorphological and geophysical processes under different natural conditions. The caves in the karst are dissolved or are created by the weathering of the bedrock, while after the leakage of gases, caves form as cavities in the volcanic rocks. Few countries have as many different underground karst formations as Slovakia, with 7,014 known caves, of which only 18 can be visited. Discovering these underground wonders is a new challenge for hikers. Interest in caves peaked in the 20th century, when the desire to return to nature and improve the health of patients with respiratory diseases (speleotherapy) became the leading motivation. Today, caves are most often used for recreation. Nevertheless, within geotourism a popular way to explore caves is caving and the associated extreme or less extreme sports that only came to the fore in the 21st century. The results of the research of this study are sufficient evidence that the region is suitable for the development of cave tourism and medical tourism, for which the most obvious solution is to create an international geopark.

Bursting balloons - comparison of risk taking between extreme sports, esports, and the general public

Arguably, extreme sports athletes exhibit a more significant risk appetite than the general public. Are standard behavioral risk measures able to capture this? To answer this question, we assessed self-reports of risk taking and measured the risk-taking behavior of samples of snowboarders and climbers. Two groups of non-athletes, university students and crowdworkers, and athletes of a sport that does not include the potential of grave injury or death, esports athletes, serve as control conditions and complement our study. Across these five different groups, 1313 participants performed an online version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and gave self-reports of general willingness to take risks and sports-specific risk taking. Extreme sports athletes exhibited greater risk taking in the BART than non-athletes and esports athletes. Furthermore, BART-performance predicted sports-specific risk taking and its affective consequences. Our results speak to the BART’s ecological validity and the unique role of physical consequences on risk-taking behavior.

Preprint: Boredom proneness predicts self-assessed decision errors in sports but is unrelated to risk taking in general

Introduction: Boredom proneness is linked to poor self-regulation, leading to poor decision making and/or increased risk taking. These links have not yet been investigated in the domain of sports and exercise. However, poor decisions or excessive risk behavior would be highly detrimental to sporting performance and, in some cases, even cause physical harm. Here, we address this gap by assessing if boredom proneness is linked to general risk taking, sport-specific risk taking, and to regrets about sports-specific decision errors with respect to acting too risky or too passively.Methods: N = 936 athletes (27.6 ± 9.0 years, 89.6% men) – n = 330 Climbers (31.8 ± 10.7 years, 82.4% men), n = 83 Snowboarders (29.9 ± 8.3 years, 79.5% men), and n = 523 Esports athletes (24.6 ± 6.3 years, 95.8% men) – completed the Short Boredom Proneness Scale (SBPS), along with measures for objective risk taking (Balloon Analogue Risk Task; BART), subjective risk taking (general willingness to take risks), as well as assessments for sport-specific risk taking and regrets for sports-specific decision errors (taking too many risks, failing to act at all). In the two extreme sports samples (Climbers and Snowboarders), we additionally assessed self-selected outcome certainty in a hypothetical sports-specific scenario where an error would result in physical harm.Results: A series of multiple regression analyses revealed that boredom proneness was unrelated to objective and subjective general risk taking, but a significant predictor of sport-specific risk taking and higher risk taking in the sports scenario (Climbers and Snowboarders only). Most importantly, boredom proneness predicted regrets for taking too many risks and being too passive. Exploratory post-hoc analyses further indicated that boredom proneness in extreme sports athletes was lower than in esports athletes. Higher boredom proneness was significantly related to lower skill levels across all kinds of sport.Discussion: Across three athlete samples, boredom proneness was unrelated to general risk taking but significantly related to poorer decision making, as indicated by regrets about acting too risky and too passively, as well as demanding a significantly lower safety threshold to make a risky sports-specific choice. While at odds with the often reported link between boredom proneness and risk taking, these results are consistent with the conceptualization of boredom proneness as a maladaptive self-regulatory disposition that leads to noisy decision making in sports. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence that boredom proneness covaries with self-selection into specific types of sports and might also stand in the way of skill acquisition in sports.

Modern approaches to the treatment of joint pathology: the value of hyaluronic acid

Патология опорно-двигательного аппарата и остеоартрит в частности остаются частой причиной обращения за медицинской помощью в амбулаторном звене. Среди разных суставов самым страдающим считается коленный – на него приходится до 25% всех поражений опорно-двигательной системы, что связано с его опорной функцией и частым травматическим поражением. Рост популярности активного отдыха, развитие игровых и экстремальных видов спорта приводят к росту частоты травм коленного сустава, связочного аппарата, а также внутрисуставных повреждений. Именно травматизация признается одной из ведущих причин последующего остеоартрита. Статья предлагает краткие алгоритмы диагностики и терапии остеоартрита для применения на амбулаторно-поликлиническом этапе оказания медицинской помощи. Уделено внимание применению препаратов гиалуроновой кислоты, проведен анализ литературных данных, оценены перспективы применения подобной терапии в комплексе лечебных мероприятий. Гиалуроновая кислота является натуральным компонентом синовиальной жидкости, она служит в качестве смазки суставных поверхностей и обеспечивает ряд защитных и регуляторных эффектов. Вводимая извне гиалуроновая кислота берет на себя нагрузку, восполняя недостающие функции синовиальной жидкости, что и позволяет считать такое применение протезированием недостаточной функции сустава. Препараты гиалуроновой кислоты — быстродействующие локальные средства для улучшения функции пораженного сустава и купирования болевого синдрома, что важно для поддержания активности пациентов. Данные эффекты обусловлены реологическими особенностями гиалуроновой кислоты, которые позволяют не только улучшить смазывающие свойства и скольжение в пораженном суставе, но и обеспечивают защиту суставного хряща от ударных нагрузок. Полученная промышленным способом гиалуроновая кислота уже более 30 лет успешно применяется в лечении остеоартрита. Pathology of the musculoskeletal system and osteoarthritis, in particular, remain a frequent reason for seeking outpatient care. Among the various joints, the knee joint is considered the most affected - it accounts for up to 25% of all lesions of the musculoskeletal system, which is associated with its supporting function and frequent traumatic injury. The growing popularity of outdoor activities, the development of playing and extreme sports leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries of the knee joint, ligamentous apparatus, as well as intra-articular injuries. It is traumatization that is recognized as one of the leading causes of subsequent osteoarthritis. The article offers brief algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis for use at the outpatient stage of medical care. Attention is paid to the use of hyaluronic acid preparations, an analysis of the literature data is carried out, the prospects for the use of such therapy in a complex of therapeutic measures are assessed. Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of synovial fluid that serves as a lubricant for articular surfaces and provides a range of protective and regulatory effects. Hyaluronic acid introduced from the outside takes on the load, replenishing the missing functions of the synovial fluid, which allows us to consider such use as prosthetics of insufficient joint function. Hyaluronic acid preparations are a fast-acting local remedy to improve the function of the affected joint and relieve pain, which is important to keep patients active. These effects are due to the rheological features of hyaluronic acid, which not only improve lubricating properties and sliding in the affected joint, but also protect the articular cartilage from shock loads. The industrially obtained hyaluronic xylote has been successfully used in the treatment of osteoarthritis for more than 30 years.

Extreme Sport: Understanding the Concept, Recognizing the Value

Extreme sport is one of the fastest-growing areas in sporting activity in this century. Extreme sport appears to be used interchangeably with high-risk sport in much of the research literature. Both high-risk sport and extreme sport are defined as any sport where one has to accept a possibility of severe injury or death as an inherent part of the activity. Extreme sports are rapidly becoming the physical activity of choice. Extreme sports have diffused around the world at a phenomenal rate and far faster than established sports. Commercially, extreme is the password for corporations and advertisers to access young population. Extreme sports increasingly attract participants from different social classes and age groups, as well as females and minority groups. The extreme sport comprises tourist activities, therapeutic activities, recreational activities, and sporting activities. They have become a sporting spectacle. Extreme sports are even discussed in marketing (niche market), management, and policy literature as legitimate niches that require their peculiar understanding or inappropriate activities that need to be banned. Adventure and risk-taking sports such as mountaineering, whitewater rafting, surfing, skiing, skydiving, downhill mountain biking, rock climbing, and BASE (Building, Antenna (or Aerial), Span (i.e., bridge), Earth (cliffs or other rock formations)) have increased in popularity in recent years. This study is an overview of previous studies carried out by eminent scholars of psychology and different disciplines. The objective of this study is to understand extreme sport in better way on one side and how extreme (or adventurous) sport has been theoretically conceptualized and re-conceptualized on the other. The researcher made an effort to disseminate the knowledge of extreme sports to the students, researchers, entrepreneurs, media personnel, and other concerned authorities, related organizations, and institutions. It is also believed that this study will help to promote adventure education, adventure tourism (niche tourism) and deep ecology. The participants strongly believe that the natural world acts as a facilitator to a deeper, more positive understanding of self and its place in the environment. Fear, emotion, stress, risk, uncertainty, motivation, wellness, wellbeing, personality traits and determination are the key elements of extreme sports.

Peculiarities of training specialists in the field of physical education and sports in higher education institutions of modern Romania

The article considers the peculiarities of training in the field of physical education and sports at specialized faculties on the example of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University. Iasi, highlighted and characterized the main provisions of the charter of the faculty, curriculum and study programs, etc. It is determined that the faculty provides training in the specialties "Physical Education and Sports", "Physical Therapy" and "Sports and Physical Activity" (bachelor); "Fitness and body aesthetics", "Leisure and extreme sports", "Therapeutic physical training in sports traumatology", "Physiotherapy in sports traumatology" (Chisinau, Republic of Moldova) and "School physical education and sports" (master's degree) future teachers of physical education and sports, coaches, physiotherapists, sports instructors, etc. The content and structure of syllabuses for the preparation of licensees / bachelors and masters are analyzed, the topics of lectures, seminars and practical academic classes are published, the hourly distribution is determined.

Health Inequities in Aging Adults from a Public Health Perspective

Inequities in the United States have gained renewed attention as a result of social movements such as Black Lives Matter (racism), Me Too (sexual abuse and gender), and immigrant rights. Yet despite the growing awareness of inequality across major social categories, there has been little or no public attention paid to the persistent inequities facing older adults. The news media in the 2020 presidential elections uncritically reported charges that one, or both, candidates were “too old” for the job or had some other liability tied primarily to their age. There is a whole field of “anti-aging” medicine that claims to slow the biological process of senescence (distinct from fighting specific diseases), even as the greatest challenges of growing older are rooted in social and political processes. This reflects the ageism in society that results in undervaluing older adults’ lives and often marginalizes them. In addition, there are serious inequities within the older population based on class, race, gender, and citizenship status. Health inequities involve conditions that are avoidable, are not the result of informed choice (e.g., injuries among extreme sports participants), and which differ by membership in groups that hold different levels of power and resources. As such, inequities also include an element of “unfairness” such that the disadvantage is in groups with less power and resources than others.

Relationships Among Extreme Sports Participation, Sensation Seeking, and Negative Risky Behaviors of Middle-School Students

Objective: The aim was to investigate the relationships among extreme sports participation, sensation seeking, and negative risky behaviors (smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling) for middle-school students.Methods: Using a convenience sampling procedure, all students from a middle school in a district of Chongqing were selected to participate in the survey, which included questions on their extreme sports participation rate, and smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling behavior.Results: A sample of 2,987 middle-school students participated in this study. The results showed that the proportions of students participating in extreme sports, smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling were 19.9, 4.8, 18.4, and 3.0%, respectively. There were significant differences between different genders, schools, place of residence, smoking, drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking of the participation rate of students of extreme sports, the rate of boys, junior middle-school students, urban students, smokers, alcohol drinkers, gamblers, and high-sensation-seeking students were relatively higher than that of girls, senior middle-school students, rural students, no-smokers, no-alcohol drinkers, no-gamblers, and low-sensation-seeking students. Alcohol drinking, gambling, and sensation seeking were associated with extreme sports participation, and the students who drank alcohol, who gambled, and who were high sensation seeking were more likely to participate in extreme sports than those who did not drink alcohol, who did not gamble, and who were low sensation seeking.Conclusion: Middle schools should integrate extreme sports education into physical education and risky-behavior education, strengthen relevant knowledge and safety training, and guide students to meet their sensation-seeking needs through participation in extreme sports instead of risky behaviors.