Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Climate Mitigation Goals of the Global Food and Beverage Sector

The dramatic increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by humans over the past century and a half has created an urgency for monitoring, reporting, and verifying GHG emissions as a first step toward mitigating the effects of climate change. Fifteen percent of global GHG emissions come from agriculture, and companies in the food and beverage industry are starting to set climate goals. We examined the GHG emissions reporting practices and climate goals of the top 100 global food and beverage companies (as ranked by Food Engineering) and determined whether their goals are aligned with the science of keeping climate warming well below a 2°C increase. Using publicly disclosed data in CDP Climate reports and company sustainability reports, we found that about two thirds of the top 100 global food and beverage companies disclose at least part of their total company emissions and set some sort of climate goal that includes scope 1 and 2 emissions. However, only about half have measured, disclosed, and set goals for scope 3 emissions, which often encompass about 88% of a company's emissions across the entire value chain on average. We also determined that companies, despite setting scope 1, 2, and 3 emission goals, may be missing the mark on whether their goals are significantly reducing global emissions. Our results present the current disclosure and emission goals of the top 100 global food and beverage companies and highlight an urgent need to begin and continue to set truly ambitious, science-aligned climate goals.

The Optimal Strategy of China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban Based on Consumer Heterogeneity and Retailer Competition

The Chinese government has issued a new “Plastic Restriction Ban” requiring that, by the end of 2020, the food and beverage industry across the country bans the use of single-use, nondegradable plastic drinking straws. The governance of plastic drinking straws is a multi-dimensional and complex process. Therefore, based on the heterogeneity of consumers, this paper constructs a tripartite game model (the government, retailers, and consumers) for the governance of plastic drinking straws in China. Under this model, this research derives an optimal strategy in both monopoly and competitive markets, assuming the government has access to two policy tools, fines and subsidies. The research results suggest the following. (1) In monopoly markets, when (a) the fine or subsidy fee is high or (b) the fine or subsidy fee is low and the number of environment-conscious consumers is high, retailers are more inclined to provide biodegradable drinking straws. (2) Consumer heterogeneity has a certain impact on policy results; when there are enough environment-conscious consumers, policy costs can be reduced. (3) For high-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is lower than in monopoly markets; for low-quality products, the policy costs in competitive markets is higher than in monopoly markets. Based on the conclusions, this work suggests the government should focus on cultivating consumers’ environmental awareness and tighter control of products quality, in addition to the two policy tools, i.e., fines and subsidies, because these can reduce policy costs. Consumers should be aware of their own importance to China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban and adopt a refusal to accept plastic drinking straws and reduce the consumption of disposable plastics to support the policy. Retailers should also realize that proactively catering to consumer and government expectations can bring higher benefits to themselves; this can be achieved by providing high-quality biodegradable straws to support China’s Plastic Drinking Straws Ban. The model of this work could be applied to other corporate activities related to sustainability, such as plastic bags, plastic bottles, etc., and their connection to government policies.

Membrane techniques in the production of beverages

The most important developments in membrane techniques used in the beverage industry are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the production of fruit and vegetable juices and nonalcoholic drinks, including beer and wine. This choice was dictated by the observed consumer trends, who increasingly appreciate healthy food and its taste qualities.

Biocide Use in the Beverage Industry: Consumers’ Knowledge and Label Preferences Relating to the Need and Usefulness of Biocides with Particular Reference to Dairy Beverage Products in New Zealand and China

Biocides, in the form of sanitisers and disinfectants, are used extensively to reduce the risk of microbial contamination to beverage products and to ensure the safety of potable water used in processing. To better understand consumers’ perceptions of biocide use and to explore messaging strategies regarding their importance to ensure product safety, eight focus groups were conducted in New Zealand (n = 4) and China (n = 4). Consumers generally did not understand why or how biocides were used. In both countries, their most trustworthy source of information on biocide use was government sources. New Zealand and Chinese participants did not like the word “biocide” mentioned on labels due to its perceived negative connotations. Interestingly, acceptance for the word was higher if the phrase “environmentally friendly” was simultaneously communicated. The findings from this study have provided the beverage industry with guidance on how best to initiate conversations with consumers on the use of biocides.

Clan-type organizational culture in the food and beverage industry in Jambi province

This research is a study that analyzes and explains the influence model of organizational culture, managerial competence on performance mediated by the affective commitment and its implications for the food and beverage industry in Jambi Province. The sample of this study used the probability sampling technique. The sample selection criteria were the food and beverage industry players as many as 343 samples were obtained from 2 districts, namely Sarolangun, Kerinci, and Jambi city. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The data obtained were processed using a component-based or variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) causality analysis which is known as Partial Least Square (PLS). The results showed that the direct influence of organizational culture, managerial competence and affective commitment had a positive and significant effect on the performance of food and beverage industry business actors, and the indirect influence of organizational culture and managerial competence on performance mediated by affective commitment also had a positive and significant effect. The results of this study indicate that organizational culture is dominated by the clan type which has the character of kindship and togetherness has an influence on the performance of business actors in the food and beverage industry in Jambi Province.

Improving Water Efficiency in the Beverage Industry With the Internet of Things

The food and beverage industry is one of the most water-intensive industries, with water required for various processes (e.g., washing, cooking, cleaning) at almost every stage of the production, as well as being a key constituent in many food and drink products. Therefore, a real-time efficient water management strategy is imperative, and the novel internet of things (IoT)-based technologies can be of significant help in developing it. This chapter presents the architecture of an IoT-based water-monitoring system followed by the demonstration of a case study of a beverage factory wherein the monitoring system helped understand the detailed water usage as well as finding solutions and addressing overconsumption of water during the manufacturing processes. The successful deployment of IoT helped reduce the annual water consumption by 6.7%, monitor water usage in real-time, and improve it.

Pengukuran Kesiapan Industri Minuman Teh Menjangkau Revolusi Industri 4.0 dengan Metode INDI 4.0

Rapid technological developments greatly affect the demand for products and services. So the industry needs to improve to maximize production achievements in order to meet market needs. The development of industry 4.0 provides an opportunity to revitalize the Indonesian manufacturing sector. Moreover, the Ministry of Industry has compiled "Making Indonesia 4.0" as a strategy and roadmap to develop industry 4.0 in Indonesia. Indonesia focuses on five main sectors for the development of industry 4.0, including the food and beverage, chemical, electronics, textile and clothing, and automotive industries. This research was conducted to determine the level of readiness of the manufacturing industry, especially the food and beverage industry at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII to face industry 4.0 based on organizational and technological aspects. The measurement method used is the Indonesia Industry 4.0 Readiness Index (INDI 4.0). With these results, it can help the industry know the current level of achievement and know what needs to be done to get to the level of industry 4.0. Based on online and offline assessments carried out at the level of readiness, the people and culture aspects as well as the technology aspect have the highest level of use but are at Level 2. The technological aspect has the lowest readiness at Level 1. Overall, the company's readiness is at Level 1 (readiness stage). early) almost reached moderate readiness (Level 2).