Ética militar y fundamentación profesional. Evolución, conceptos y principios

Esta obra hace una valiosa contribución a la comprensión de la ética militar, como un elemento central de la carrera militar en Colombia, y destaca la necesidad de que fundamente en todo momento el cumplimiento de la misión constitucional que tienen las instituciones castrenses en el país. A través de tres volúmenes, se describen y analizan críticamente los fundamentos teóricos de la ética que orientan las reflexiones y el quehacer cotidiano de los miembros de las Fuerzas Militares, desde su proceso educativo en las escuelas de formación, hasta los distintos niveles y espacios operacionales en los que se desempeñan. Además, se analizan estudios de caso específicos de aplicación de la ética militar relacionados tanto con escenarios tradicionales, como con los nuevos contextos, caracterizados por los avances tecnológicos, las transformaciones de los actores delictivos, los cambios en las relaciones internacionales, las condiciones particulares de Colombia, entre otros aspectos. En este primer volumen se establecen las bases teóricas y conceptuales necesarias para el estudio de la ética militar. Específicamente, se abordan seis temas principales: el jus ad bellum, jus in bello, jus ex bello y jus post bellum; reflexiones teóricas en torno a la filosofía moral, la cultura y la educación; la familia; la corrupción; la toma de decisiones y el planeamiento operacional, y la estrategia. De esta forma, el libro enfatiza la importancia de fortalecer constantemente la ética miliar en Colombia para garantizar a largo plazo el correcto desarrollo de la carrera militar y el bienestar para los habitantes del país.

The Risk of Obsolescence: Reframing the Contemporary Use of Force Model to Achieve a More Holistic Application of the UN Charter Jus Ad Bellum Construct

This article challenges the effectiveness of the prevailing interpretation of the contemporary use of force model that is centred on a decidedly narrow selection of relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter). In the now seventy-five years of the UN Charter era, predominant modes of armed conflict have evolved so as to be largely unrecognizable when compared to the model of war that was contemplated when negotiating and ratifying the Charter. Nonetheless, modes of engaging with an actual or contemplated use of force remain rooted in a model developed more than seven decades ago. This article suggests that a new frame of analysis is needed. The “Reframer” approach and “Purposes and Principles” model developed herein remain just as firmly grounded in the UN Charter as the prevailing interpretation. However, this novel approach and model incorporate a degree of nuance and adaptiveness that is not feasible when applying the prevailing interpretation of the contemporary use of force model.

Examining defences to state-sponsored cyber-operations

<p>In recent years there has been a rise in state-sponsored cyberattacks. There is a continuing debate among scholars, states and international institutions on how the UN Charter can apply to cyber-operations. My dissertation seeks to understand how the UN Charter can apply and what are the appropriate responses open to victim states that have been subject to a cyberattack. More specifically, the dissertation will outline the conditions required to satisfy a state’s right to self-defence in cyberspace and note the limitations of responding to a state-sponsored cyberattack. It will highlight possible reforms and standards required to address the emerging threat of cyberspace. The dissertation is particularly concerned with cyberspace in the context of jus ad bellum. It will not discuss the notion of cyberwar or the principles of jus ad bello.</p>

Examining defences to state-sponsored cyber-operations

<p>In recent years there has been a rise in state-sponsored cyberattacks. There is a continuing debate among scholars, states and international institutions on how the UN Charter can apply to cyber-operations. My dissertation seeks to understand how the UN Charter can apply and what are the appropriate responses open to victim states that have been subject to a cyberattack. More specifically, the dissertation will outline the conditions required to satisfy a state’s right to self-defence in cyberspace and note the limitations of responding to a state-sponsored cyberattack. It will highlight possible reforms and standards required to address the emerging threat of cyberspace. The dissertation is particularly concerned with cyberspace in the context of jus ad bellum. It will not discuss the notion of cyberwar or the principles of jus ad bello.</p>

Restraining the fox: Minimalism in the ethics of war and peace

Peace plays a central role in the ethics of war and peace, but this proves to be an enormous challenge. In a recent article, Elisabeth Forster and Isaac Taylor grapple with this important topic. They argue that certain concepts in just war theory—aggression, legitimacy, and peace—are essentially contested and susceptible to manipulation. Because the rules are interpreted and applied by the very states that wage war, it is as if the fox is asked to guard the chicken coop—a recipe for disaster. To avoid manipulation of the theory and make the goal of peace attainable, they defend “minimalism” in the ethics of war and peace. This paper responds to and builds on their article. After nuancing the analysis, I will argue (a) that their minimalism does not solve the problem since the proposed alternative concept is equally prone to misuse, and (b) that their minimalism is mistargeted. What I propose is to specify and ground the rules of war without raising the standard too high, to disentangle jus ad bellum and jus post bellum and see peace as guiding principle for jus post bellum, and to interpret that in a minimalist way.

DIREITOS HUMANOS FRENTE AO DIREITO DE GUERRA

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer a respeito do direito de guerra, a fim de demonstrar o que se entende por guerra, fruto de convenções internacionais, fazendo uma célere exploração acerca do Jus ad Bellum e do Jus in Bello. Em síntese, a guerra é um ato de relações humanas que surge no exercício da política, e como a política é indispensável ao homem, é natural que a guerra continuará sendo um acontecimento recorrente. Nesse sentido, e adotando-se como alvo de análise os documentos internacionais que tratam sobre as circunstâncias bélicas, como as IV Convenções de Genebra e seus Protocolos, o artigo perpassa a noção do direito de guerra e seus limites, uma vez que o mínimo de humanidade ainda deve ser garantido mesmo nessa conjuntura. Isso se justifica pela imposição de preservação de direitos humanos, como a vida e a dignidade, em prol da convivência remanescente aos conflitos.