Approach Integrated of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics – STEM

The research paper aims to highlight the STEM approach as one of the modern integrated approaches in the field of mathematics education. STEM which means the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math has its significant role in the development of curricula in the Arab world generally and particularly in mathematics curricula. This paper addresses the definition of STEM, the justifications for its emergence and the causes for the attention it recently receives. Moreover, the paper sheds light on its objectives, content, related teaching strategies, educational activities, evaluation, characteristics, advantages and obstacles found in its application.

Attitudes of high school mathematics teachers in Jeddah towards teaching developed mathematics curricula: اتجاهات معلمي الرياضيات للمرحلة الثانوية بمدينة جدة نحو تدريس مناهج الرياضيات المطورة

This study aimed to identify the attitudes of mathematics teachers at high school towards teaching developed mathematics curricula in Jeddah through identifying their attitudes towards: (nature- importance- enjoyment- courses and training programs for developed mathematics curricula as well as the suitability of the developed mathematics curricula with the capabilities of the student). It also aimed to identify the extent of having different attitudes among high school mathematics teachers towards teaching developed mathematics curricula according to the variables (type of qualification- years of experience) and the interaction between the study variables. The study followed the descriptive survey approach and was conducted on (174) mathematics teachers at high schools of the Jeddah City Education Department. The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: - Attitudes of high school mathematics teachers towards (the nature of developed mathematics curricula- the importance of developed mathematics curricula- the enjoyment of teaching developed mathematics curricula- training courses and programs- the suitability of the developed mathematics curriculum with the student's abilities) came to a high level. - There were no statistically significant differences in the study sample’s responses about the attitudes of mathematics teachers at high schools towards teaching mathematics curricula developed according to the variables (academic qualification- years of experience). Based on the study findings, the researcher recommended the following: the need to pay more attention to the training in the new mathematics curricula for mathematics teachers; working on providing all possible means to develop training and its methods because of its positive impact on teachers' attitudes towards curricula; developing teachers’ positive attitudes towards improved mathematics curricula by setting up enrichment programs to help mathematics teachers deal with the improved mathematics curriculum.

Learning progressions and the Australian curriculum mathematics: The case of statistics and probability

Mathematics curricula have traditionally focused on content knowledge, often in the form of a scope and sequence of increasingly difficult mathematics. The importance of using and applying mathematics is recognised in the current Australian Curriculum Mathematics (AC: M) as ‘proficiencies’ that are intended to be integrated with the content. There is little support for teachers to develop these proficiencies – reasoning, understanding, problem solving and fluency. Learning progressions are sequences of learning that focus on cognitive processes, and thus provide a useful basis for curriculum development. Using an empirical Statistical Reasoning Learning Progression as an exemplar, a new approach to curriculum development is suggested that links content knowledge with the proficiencies. The outcome is a zone-based, rather than year level based, curriculum that allows teachers to target their teaching, so that students develop increasingly sophisticated understanding of statistics and probability.

STATISTICAL LITERACY IN PRIMARY SCHOOL MATHEMATICS CURRICULA: HISTORICAL REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT

Literasi statistika merupakan kemampuan penting untuk menghadapi revolusi industri 4.0. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan informasi sejauh mana kemampuan literasi statistika didukung oleh kurikulum matematika untuk Sekolah Dasar di Indonesia. Studi dokumentasi dilakukan pada beberapa naskah kurikulum, yakni Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi 2004, Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan 2006, Kurikulum 2013, serta revisi Kurikulum 2013 (2016, 2018, dan 2020). Sebagai pembanding, dianalisis pula Cambridge Primary Mathematics Curriculum dan kurikulum 1975. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan statistik deskriptif dan pembuatan diagram dijumpai pada semua kurikulum matematika SD tahun 2004 hingga 2020. Pada kurikulum 2013 dan sesudahnya, dijumpai pula kompetensi terkait pengumpulan data dan interpretasi data. Adapun kompetensi terkait peluang hanya dijumpai pada kurikulum 2013, Cambridge, dan kurikulum 1975. Masih diperlukan pengembangan kurikulum pada kompetensi proses pemecahan masalah statistika serta pendalaman terkait penggunaan statistik deskriptif dan diagram secara tepat. Statistical literacy is an essential competence to face the 4.0 industrial revolution. This study aims to collect information on how statistical literacy skills accounted in the Indonesian primary school mathematics curriculum. We study several curriculum documents' that had been used in Indonesia, namely the 2004 Competency-Based Curriculum, the 2006 Education Unit Level Curriculum, the 2013 Curriculum, and the revised 2013 Curriculum (2016, 2018, and 2020). We also analyzed the Cambridge Primary Mathematics Curriculum and the 1975 Indonesian curriculum. We find that calculation of descriptive statistics and chart making appeared on all Indonesian primary school mathematics curricula. The 2013 curriculum and its successor also contains some competencies related to data collection and interpretation. Probability-related competence is found only on the 2013 curriculum, the 1975 curriculum, and the Cambridge Curriculum. Further curriculum development should be focused on the statistical problem-solving competence and appropriate use of descriptive statistics and charts.

Pictorial Model: The Secret of Singapore's Pupils' Excellence in Mathematics

The research aimed to introduce mathematics education researchers, mathematics teachers and developers of mathematics curricula in Egypt and the Arab world with the secret of excellence of Singapore students in mathematics and how they come at the top order in the international study of the trends of science and mathematics education every four years. This secret lies in a number of communities, school, family and classroom models, the most important of which is the pictorial model, which offers magic solutions to any mathematical problem. Problem solving is the center or focus of mathematics education as it involves acquiring and applying mathematical concepts and skills in a wide range of situations involving real-world problems, open-ended and non-routine problems. The Singaporean model is used to solve verbal problems where the student identifies the main information in the problem in a pictorial model that includes units in the whole figure of rectangles and the information and the unknown is indicated in the problem to be solved on the pictorial figure and through the figure the process or calculations to be used are clarified and the problem is resolved.

Study Literature of Development Model of Mathematics Curriculum in Queensland

<p class="JRPMAbstractBodyEnglish">Australia grants individual states autonomy to develop school mathematics curricula. This article aims to find out a model for developing a school mathematics curriculum in Queensland. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This SLR method can be used to identify, review, evaluate, and interpret studies related to the topics discussed in this study, with specific relevant research questions. The SLR method in this research is carried out by systematically reviewing and identifying journals, which follow the steps or protocols that have been set in each process. The documents studied and researched include journals and professional scientific papers and Queensland mathematics curriculum documents for grades 11 and 12, namely the Queensland Curriculum &amp; Assessment Authority (QCAA). Based on the results of the literature review, it was found that in Queensland, the mathematics curriculum in grades 11 and 12 is divided into three types, namely Mathematics A curriculum, Mathematics B curriculum, and Mathematics C curriculum. Each type of curriculum is developed according to the conditions and skills required by students.</p>

Third Grade Students’ Use of Relational Thinking

Current mathematics curricula have as one of their fundamental objectives the development of number sense. This is understood as a set of skills. Some of them have an algebraic nature such as acquiring an abstract understanding of relations between numbers, developing awareness of properties and of the structure of the decimal number system and using it in a strategic manner. In this framework, the term relational thinking directs attention towards a way of working with arithmetic expressions that promotes relations between their terms and the use of properties. A teaching experiment has allowed to characterize the way in which third grade students use this type of thinking for solving number equalities by distinguishing four profiles of use. These profiles inform about how students employ relations and arithmetic properties to solve the equalities. They also ease the description of the evolution of the use of relational thinking along the sessions in the classroom. Uses of relational thinking of different sophistication are distinguished depending on whether a general known rule is applied, or relations and properties are used in a flexible way. Results contribute to understanding the process of developing the algebraic component of number sense.