Inhibition of Protein and Lipid Oxidation of Beef Patties by Using Sumac Fruit Extract During Freeze Storage

The fruits of sumac Rhus coriaria L. are widely used in traditional folk medicine as spices and flavors, especially in meats, because they are a rich source of natural antioxidants and also their tremendous potential in improving the quality of meat. The study aimed to use different concentrations of sumac fruits extract ( SFE) prepared with a concentration of control T 0, T1: 0.05% and T2: 0.1% and studying their effect on inhibiting protein and lipid oxidation of beef patties stored in Freeze - 18±1 °C for 90 days. The T2 could significantly inhibit an increased carbonyl content, PV and TBA value (P<0.01) and inhibition of pH value at (P<0.01) while the thiol content and water content significantly (P<0.01) decreased finding. The SFE may be used as natural antioxidant compound in helping to extend the period of meat products.

LC-ESI-tandem MS and in silico ADMET analysis of polyphenols from Rhus coriaria L. and Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce ssp. brachycalyx P. H. Davis

Background Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce ssp. brachycalyx P. H. Davis and Rhus coriaria L., which are Lamiaceae species, are used both as spices in food and medicinally. Lamiaceae species are known to contain high amounts of polyphenols. In this study, liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) was used for analysis of polyphenols in the plants. Under gradient elution with using 0.1% aqueous acetic acid solution and acetonitrile mobile phases, an Agilent Poroshell C18 reversed phase column was used for the simultaneous determination of 18 polyphenols, and separation was performed in 30 min. Pharmacokinetic properties of these polyphenols such as drug-like and toxicity were estimated using open-source software, pkCSM and SwissADME. Results These compounds were determined to represent different classes of polyphenols, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, coumarin and tannins. ADMET predictions of polyphenols indicated that these compounds are easily absorbed and do not have toxic effects. Conclusion While the Rhus coriaria L. includes anthocyanidins, tannins, phenolic acid and flavonoids, the Micromeria fruticosa (L.) Druce ssp. brachycalyx P. H. Davis has phenolic acid, coumarin and flavonoids, according to these results. In silico ADME/Tox predictions revealed that these bioactive components are to be drug-like and non-mutagenic. These data are supportive for future analysis that can lead to their therapeutic use of the plants, suggesting that this species may be used as a natural medicinal source in the future after detailed analysis tests. Graphical abstract

Genetic Diversity Among Sumac Accessions Collected From Five Areas of Iran

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) has been used in human nutrition as herbal drug to treat different diseases for centuries. In recent years, its genetic improvement has engrossed more consideration because of its substantial portion to human health and nutrition. Middle East region, including Iran being its origin. However, the diffused cultivation of sumac, endangers its existence in the future, so its protection and genetic improvement may cause extensive cultivation. This investigation aims to determine the genetic variation among 23 sumac accessions. Of 18 different traits, consist of four descriptive characters were used. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for all of the morphological characters, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.6% in seed length to 37.9% in the weight of the bunch. Results of mean comparison through LSD test indicated that accessions YA6, AB1, and AB2 following to YA10, KB1, KB2, KB3, and AB3 were the best performing accessions for most of the morphological traits. The cluster analysis classified accessions into four groups as Cluster-I can be regarded for the weight of ten fruit while Cluster-IV can be regarded for the weight of the bunch. The accessions of Cluster-II and Cluster-III had relatively good or average magnitudes for most of the studied charters, and they can be used for improving these sumac traits considering goals of the breeder. The factor analysis explained 74.81% (39.71% and 35.10% by factor-1 and factor-2, respectively) of the total variation. Traits leaf length, leaf width, terminal leaflet length, and terminal leaflet width are positively correlated based plot of the first two factors. Accessions YA6, AB1, and AB2 were the best performing accessions in terms of studied traits and are worth germplasm for next genetic improvement projects in sumac because they can be selected as parents for crossing and breeding new sumac cultivars in the future.