Proteolytic enzyme arbitrated antagonization of helminthiasis by Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract in Pheretima posthuma

Background There have been several studies carried out to irradiate Helminthiasis however very little research have been carried out where in the enzymatic activity of plants are exploited to antagonize infections. Here we are analyzing the anthelmintic activity of Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract against Pheretima posthuma complimented by proteolytic action. Results The fresh leaves of Cinnamomum cappara was collected from local areas of Thrissur during December 2019. Plants were identified and authenticated by morphological and molecular characterization. The enzymatic action was analyzed by plotting Lineweaver–Burk plot which suggested that the extract possess the Km 185.77 μM for casein as substrate and obeyed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with typical hyperbolic relation with enzyme and increasing concentration of substrate. The effect of extract upon study subject was in directly proportional with concentration of antagonist where higher activities were obtained in high concentrations. The anatomical and histological studies suggested that the activity of extract was due to the degradation of muscular bundle of subject that resulted in the leakage of ceolomic fluid. Conclusions Cinnamomum cappara leaf extract possessed high degree of protease intervened anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. As the study subject show immense morphological and physiological resemblance with all other helminthic parasites, this results shall be adopted to further clinical and pharmacological applications.

Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Secretion in Nondiabetic Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Objective.In nondiabetic healthy individuals, insulin secretion and sensitivity are linked by a negative feedback loop characterized by a hyperbolic function. We aimed to study the association of traditional insulin resistance (IR) factors with insulin secretion and sensitivity, and to determine whether the hyperbolic equilibrium of this relation is preserved in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.This was a cross-sectional study encompassing 361 nondiabetic individuals: 151 with RA and 210 controls. Insulin, C-peptide, and IR indices by homeostatic model (HOMA2) were assessed. A multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the differences in the correlation of traditional IR-related factors with glucose homeostasis molecules, as well as IR indices between patients and controls. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to assess the hyperbolic relation of insulin sensitivity and secretion.Results.HOMA2-IR indices were higher in patients with RA than controls. Hepatic insulin extraction, as assessed by the insulin:C-peptide molar ratio, was lower in patients with RA after multivariable analysis (0.08 ± 0.02 vs 0.14 ± 0.07, p < 0.001). Traditional IR-related factors showed significantly lower adjusted correlation coefficients with IR indices in patients with RA. The association between insulin sensitivity and secretion showed a different hyperbolic relation in patients with RA: the variability explained by the curve was lower in RA (nonlinear r2= 0.845 vs r2= 0.928, p = 0.001) and β coefficients (−0.74, 95% CI −0.77 to −0.70 vs −1.09, 95% CI −1.17 to −1.02, ng/ml, p < 0.001) were different in RA.Conclusion.The traditional factors associated with IR in healthy individuals are less related to IR in patients with RA. Insulin sensitivity and secretion yield a different hyperbolic equilibrium in RA.

Estimation of the Liquefaction's Risk of a Soil Deposit under Seismic Solicitations: Petrochemical Zone of Skikda City

This study consists in estimating the risk (potential) of liquefaction of a soil deposit saturated when it is submitted to a horizontal seismic excitement to its basis while using the approach in total constraints. This approach requires the determination of the shear constraint τa developed by the seismic solicitation, For the determination of τa, an equivalent linear dynamic analysis with concentrated mass has been used to adapt (iterable proceeding) the module of shear and the factor of damping according to the level of the resulting shear deformations because, the constraint-distortion diagram of the layer is nonlinear with dissipation of energy by hysteresis for each cycle. For this reason, in this survey, the behavior of soil has been represented by a hyperbolic relation of Hardin and Drenevich. For the determination of τl, the graph of Seed and al based on the results of the SPT. The report of the two constraints permits the definition of safety factor against the risk of liquefaction (CSL).

Spreading out Muscle Mass within a Hill-Type Model: A Computer Simulation Study

It is state of the art that muscle contraction dynamics is adequately described by a hyperbolic relation between muscle force and contraction velocity (Hill relation), thereby neglecting muscle internal mass inertia (first-order dynamics). Accordingly, the vast majority of modelling approaches also neglect muscle internal inertia. Assuming that such first-order contraction dynamics yet interacts with muscle internal mass distribution, this study investigates two questions: (i) what is the time scale on which the muscle responds to a force step? (ii) How does this response scale with muscle design parameters? Thereto, we simulated accelerated contractions of alternating sequences of Hill-type contractile elements and point masses. We found that in a typical small muscle the force levels off after about 0.2 ms, contraction velocity after about 0.5 ms. In an upscaled version representing bigger mammals' muscles, the force levels off after about 20 ms, and the theoretically expected maximum contraction velocity is not reached. We conclude (i) that it may be indispensable to introduce second-order contributions into muscle models to understand high-frequency muscle responses, particularly in bigger muscles. Additionally, (ii) constructing more elaborate measuring devices seems to be worthwhile to distinguish viscoelastic and inertia properties in rapid contractile responses of muscles.

Simulation of Deformation of Diaphragm Spring Grooved With Spiral Slits by FE Method

Flexible bearing system composed of diaphragm springs are a key component part of miniature Stirling cooler with linear motors. The stress distribution, the natural frequency, and visualization of the deformation of the diaphragm spring are investigated by finite Element method. From the calculation results of deformation pattern, it is confirmed that the calculation models and methods are appropriate. The stress calculation results reveal that the stress concentrations occur in some special parts of the diaphragm spring, such as root, and middle narrowest parts of the arms. The axial stiffness has the linear relation while the radial stiffness has the non-linear but hyperbolic relation with the disc thickness. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculation results have been used to optimize the shapes of the diaphragm spring and manufacturing process.