Towards a Personalized Web Services Composition Approach

Generally available Web Services (WS) can not meet the complex needs of users and their adaptation to the environment remains a major problem for the design of information systems. The web services composition comes to address the satisfaction of new and complex needs such as the process we find in most organizations. Its purpose is to perform several services to meet user demand. The satisfaction of a user needs a dynamic and reusable environment to meet those needs. In this context, the user interactions are essential. From there, in this work, we define two objectives: i) propose a service composition approach that allows dynamic services composition and its purpose is to meet a need. ii) Propose a personalization approach for Web services composition which allows the reuse of services while adopting for the context of each user. Our approach is based on the use of ontologies and user profile.

Multiobjective Optimization Method of Coevolution to Intelligent Agricultural Dynamic Services under the Internet of Things Environment

The agricultural Internet of Things system, with its large-scale, highly heterogeneous, and dynamic characteristics, brings certain difficulties to the provision of agricultural Internet of Things services. Considering the multiple requests of the agricultural Internet of Things at any random moment, which have the characteristics of multiple sources, multiple types, and uneven tasks, this paper establishes an optimization model for the minimum service cost and proposes a collaborative evolution to intelligent agricultural dynamic services under the Internet of Things environment multiobjective optimization method. First, according to the probability that the allele on the fragment to be vaccinated has appeared in the memory bank, use the detection strategy to judge whether the solution is illegal; secondly, compare the optimal individual with other values appearing on the gene locus, judge whether the optimal gene or fall into the local optimal, and inoculate with probability through simulated annealing; finally, the total service cost and service time were evaluated under the two service provision strategies and compared with the other three intelligent algorithms; the results confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. At the same time, the simulation results show that the proposed collaborative multiobjective optimization algorithm can achieve better performance.

Employability, higher education and the knowledge economy

This chapter focuses in particular on the inter-connections between different types of higher education systems (as commonly defined in education literature by the prevalence of vertical or horizontal differentiation), and different types of knowledge economy (with respect to the relative importance attached to advanced manufacturing or dynamic services). It proposes a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between higher education systems and knowledge-based labour markets. The chapter then examines the complementarity — or lack thereof — between higher education systems and national knowledge economies in Britain, South Korea, Germany and the Netherlands, each having a different higher education–knowledge economy combination. Ultimately, the chapter recommends that governments should revive or create a vocational subset of higher education institutions to meet the high-skills demand of labour markets.

Internet of Things Application for Intelligent Cities

The rapid growth of the world's population is placing a huge strain on the existing infrastructures. As a quest for accommodating this growth, interest is turned to the internet of things (IoT). In fact, the IoT is significantly improving today's quality of life by innovating the provided services and enhancing communication and interaction. Furthermore, it has also empowered real-time decision making by introducing dynamic services for innovative traffic handling, energy-efficient infrastructure saving, and public safety ensuring. However, IoT applications for smart cities is still a major issue as it lacks assuring privacy and security within provided services. In this chapter, the authors pinpoint IoT's security risk assessment challenges and examine its critical influence on smart cities. Additionally, they highlight the key aspects characterizing a smart city which also represent the critical assets requiring security risk assessment. Moreover, they discuss the resulting issues and their related countermeasures.

Dynamic services, district magnitude, and the trilemma of the service economy

Advanced welfare countries have faced a mix of policy constraints regarding employment growth, income equality, and budget discipline in managing the challenges of deindustrialization, often dubbed as the trilemma of the service economy. Yet, puzzlingly enough, there are some welfare countries that could choose policy options outside of these policy constraints in their responses to deindustrialization. This article argues that the source of this derestricting capacity can be found in the size of electoral district and the level of development in dynamic service sectors. Using the Service Economy Trilemma Index (STI), the author propounds that the expansion of dynamic services in the economy has differential effects on the combined performance in employment, income equality, and budget discipline conditional on the district magnitude. The findings of this article show that countries with large electoral districts and well-developed dynamic service sectors are better able to derestrict policy constraints in the age of deindustrialization.

Tracking the Transformation of Growth Regimes in Advanced Capitalist Economies

The chapter aims at building the theoretical framework to understand the evolution of growth regimes in advanced capitalist economies. It starts by recalling the main questions, approaches, and current debates on the dynamics of capitalist development in the comparative political economy literature. In a second step, it revisits the terms of the various approaches considered (Regulation School, Varieties of Capitalisms, Growth Models), defines growth regimes and growth strategies, and emphasizes the role played by welfare systems in these. Third, it presents the main economic challenges capitalist economies have been confronted with (deindustrialization, financialization, and the rise of the knowledge economy) and underlines the fact that, despite common challenges, the economies have remained distinct. Fourth, it provides an overview of five main ideal-typical growth regimes that have developed in advanced capitalist economies: the dynamic services export-led growth regime, the high-quality manufacturing export-led, the FDI-financed export-led, the finance-based domestic demand-led, and the public-financed domestic demand-led ones. Finally, the chapter summarizes the main contributions of the other chapters of the book.

Growth Strategies and Welfare Reforms in Europe

This chapter shows that welfare reforms are institutionally and politically linked to countries’ growth strategies, i.e. the policies implemented by governments to boost growth and jobs creation since the 1980s. The chapter starts by identifying five growth strategies according to the engine of growth chosen and the type of welfare reform: export of dynamic services; export of high-quality manufacturing products; FDI-financed exports; domestic consumption driven by financialization; and domestic consumption driven by wages and welfare spending (which has transformed into “competitiveness through impoverishment” under pressure from the EU). We show that these five growth strategies can be associated with five types of welfare state reform: dualization of welfare, social investment, fiscal and social attractiveness, commodification of welfare, and social protectionism. The detailed account of the cases of the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Baltic and Visegrád Eastern European countries, Italy and France underlines the actual connections between growth strategies and welfare reforms. The cases reveal that these strategies are not mutually exclusive and that more than one strategy might be pursued in a country. The chapter contributes to an understanding of how countries’ growth regimes change, by identifying the transformative feedback effect that the implementation of growth strategies has on them. The chapter concludes on the politics of growth strategies and welfare state reforms and the respective roles of producer coalitions and electoral politics.

Software Defined Networks—A Network Programme and Its Dynamic Services

As network component is increasing, the managing and controlling systems from a central based control system becomes very complex. The technology used to resolve this is called Software Defined Networks (SDN) which helps to manage and control the system through programs. SDN stands as a developing technique that divides single network as data and control plane. The benefit of SDN are provides more performance, managing the packet flow through diverse dealer’s organization components. The complexities continued to raise when implementing network services both from technical and organizational views. Here in this paper generally focuses on how organizations can deal with the challenge of introducing service chaining and developing critical network services by using the technology SDN and also delivering diverse services of network to user in one system thus customers can fulfill their desire of services based on requests. The “Service Function Chaining” facility of SDN provides services like Load Balancing, Video Optimizing and Firewall.

Load Balancing in the Presence of Services in Named-Data Networking

Load balancing is a mechanism to distribute client requests among several service instances. It enables resource utilization, lowers response time, and increases user satisfaction. In Named-Data Networking (NDN) and NDN-like architectures, load balancing becomes crucial when dynamic services are present, where relying solely on forwarding strategies can overload certain service instances while others are underutilized especially with the limited benefit of on-path caching when it comes to services. To understand the challenges and opportunities of load balancing in NDN, we analyze conventional load balancing in IP networks, and three closely related fields in NDN: congestion control, forwarding strategies, and data center management. We identify three possible scenarios for load balancing in NDN: facade load balancer, controller for Interest queues, and router-based load balancing. These different solutions use different metrics to identify the load on replicas, have different compliance levels with NDN, and place the load balancing functionality in different network components. From our findings, we propose and implement a new lightweight router-based load balancing approach called the communicating vessels and experimentally show how it reduces service response time and senses server capabilities without probing.