Universal thermal climate index associations with mortality, hospital admissions, and road accidents in Bavaria

When meteorological conditions deviate from the optimal range for human well-being, the risks of illness, injury, and death increase, and such impacts are feared in particular with more frequent and intense extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change. Thermal indices, such as the universal thermal climate index (UTCI), can better assess human weather-related stresses by integrating multiple weather components. This paper quantifies and compares the seasonal and spatial association of UTCI with mortality, morbidity, and road accidents in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany. Linear regression was applied to seasonally associate daily 56 million hospital admissions and 2.5 million death counts (1995–2015) as well as approximately 930,000 road accidents and 1.7 million people injured (2002–2015) with spatially interpolated same day- and lagged- (up to 14 days) average UTCI values. Additional linear regressions were performed stratifying by age, gender, region, and district. UTCI effects were clear in all three health outcomes studied: Increased UTCI resulted in immediate (1–2 days) rises in morbidity and even more strongly in mortality in summer, and lagged (up to 14 days) decreases in fall, winter, and spring. The strongest UTCI effects were found for road accidents where increasing UTCI led to immediate decreases in daily road accidents in winter but pronounced increases in all other seasons. Differences in UTCI effects were observed e.g. between in warmer north-western regions (Franconia, more districts with heat stress-related mortality, but hospital admissions for lung, heart and external reasons decreasing with summer heat stress), the touristic alpine regions in the south (immediate effect of increasing UTCI on road accidents in summer), and the colder south-eastern regions (increasing hospital admissions for lung, heart and external reasons in winter with UTCI). Districts with high percentages of elderly suffered from higher morbidity and mortality, particularly in winter. The influences of UTCI as well as the spatial and temporal patterns of this influence call for improved infrastructure planning and resource allocation in the health sector.

Dualistic Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among University Students in China: From Perceived Personal Benefits to External Reasons of Perceived Social Benefits, Collectivism, and National Pride

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy is prevalent, and relatively few studies have explored how variables related to personal and external motives have affected the intention to vaccinate. The present study investigated the association between perceived personal benefits, variables reflecting external motives (i.e., perceived social benefits, collectivism, and national pride) and intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination among university students in China. The interaction between perceived personal benefits and the three factors reflecting external motives on intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination was also examined. A total of 6922 university students from five provinces of China completed a cross-sectional survey. Results showed that adjusting for significant background variables, perceived personal benefits, perceived social benefits, collectivism, and national pride were all significant factors of intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Results from interaction analyses also showed that the association between perceived personal benefits and COVID-19 vaccination intention was stronger among those with lower levels of national pride. Findings highlighted the important role of self-directed interest and external motives in promoting uptake of COVID-19 vaccination.

Prospects for Moral Success Theory

<p>In this thesis, I will argue that the existence of moral facts does not rely on the existence of a reason for action, and that moral facts can be made sense of in other ways. My thesis is both a reply to a type of moral error theory that has been advanced by Richard Joyce and John Mackie, and an account of the truthmakers of moral judgments. The argument for error theory that I respond to is roughly as follows: moral judgments are judgments about external practical reasons. But external reasons do not exist, and so no moral judgment is ever true. In the first part of my thesis, I will argue in favour of the latter premise of the error theorist’s argument, but against the former: external reasons do not exist, but moral judgments are not committed to them. In the second half of my thesis I build up a positive account of what moral judgments involve. If moral judgments are not judgments about reasons, then what are moral judgments about? I develop the widely supported idea that moral judgments are judgments that are based on welfarist considerations, and attempt to give this idea a more precise formulation than what has been previously offered. From this account, I go on to develop an account of the truthmakers of moral judgments. The account I end up with is an ideal observer theory that I believe makes sense of a broad range of intuitions about morality. My hope is that this thesis will be of interest to others who feel the pull of moral error theory, but would prefer to see moral success theory vindicated.</p>

Prospects for Moral Success Theory

<p>In this thesis, I will argue that the existence of moral facts does not rely on the existence of a reason for action, and that moral facts can be made sense of in other ways. My thesis is both a reply to a type of moral error theory that has been advanced by Richard Joyce and John Mackie, and an account of the truthmakers of moral judgments. The argument for error theory that I respond to is roughly as follows: moral judgments are judgments about external practical reasons. But external reasons do not exist, and so no moral judgment is ever true. In the first part of my thesis, I will argue in favour of the latter premise of the error theorist’s argument, but against the former: external reasons do not exist, but moral judgments are not committed to them. In the second half of my thesis I build up a positive account of what moral judgments involve. If moral judgments are not judgments about reasons, then what are moral judgments about? I develop the widely supported idea that moral judgments are judgments that are based on welfarist considerations, and attempt to give this idea a more precise formulation than what has been previously offered. From this account, I go on to develop an account of the truthmakers of moral judgments. The account I end up with is an ideal observer theory that I believe makes sense of a broad range of intuitions about morality. My hope is that this thesis will be of interest to others who feel the pull of moral error theory, but would prefer to see moral success theory vindicated.</p>

Training systems and simulators in thermal power engineering

The article analyzes reasons of technogenic accidents in the RF. It mentions the key ‘internal’ and ‘external’ reasons of accidents at hazardous production facilities. The article deals with the requirements for ensuring reliable, economical and safe operating modes of the equipment. It sets forth a modern structure for personnel training. Certain scientific and technical requirements and recommendations are offered for simulation of ergatic distribution systems for trainers designed for operation personnel of power generation facilities. The article dwells upon the initial regulations of the power industry in the USSR that set forth the requirements for training and simulator systems.

Children’s narratives on migrant refugees: a practice of global citizenship

Globalisation has brought about great social and economic impact, as well as great challenges. Major developments have taken place in the mobility of capital and, to a lesser extent, of goods; not so in the mobility of people seeking asylum due to persecution and war. This article approaches the phenomenon of migration, particularly of refugees, as learning content for early childhood. The research is presented from a qualitative approach based on the results of a project on this topic implemented in a rural school in Spain. The results of the data analysis reveal that children attribute external reasons, of survival, to the refugees’ forced departure from their country of origin. The children’s imaginary reproduces the social construction of adults on the status and situation of refugees, and they also show a critical attitude towards the violation of human rights and the abuse of fellow children. Finally, respect, cultural empathy and social commitment in the face of injustice are presented as fundamental values for education in global citizenship from the earliest stages of schooling.

Procedural Mistakes of a Judicial Motor Technical Examination and Physical Evidence: The Link and Probable Consequences in Court

This article contains examples of procedural errors in expert actions, practical nuances that can affect the quality and results of the examination, the subtleties of preparation for the study in terms of interaction between the bodies of inquiry, investigation and court with experts. Procedural errors in the implementation of expert judicial research of materials presented as material evidence may have different origins — from the technical features of the examination and the level of expertise of the expert to external reasons caused by the imperfection of the system of interaction between investigative and expert units. The author is interested in the aspect of a broad topic — the impact of expert activity on the likelihood of investigative and judicial errors and the possibility of codification of certain provisions and changes in legislation, allowing to adjust the powers of experts in a specific, unambiguously interpreted framework. Typical examples of procedural expert errors are given.

XVI ԴԱՐԻ ՌԵՖՈՐՄԱՑԻԱՅԻ ՆԵՐՔԻՆ ԵՎ ԱՐՏԱՔԻՆ ՊԱՏՃԱՌՆԵՐԸ

The reasons for the Reformation, which shook Europe in the XVI century and had a huge impact on the new historical era in the Armenian scientific literature, are generally presented in part or related only to the internal issues of the Catholic Church. Among them were, for example, vast territories of the Catholic Church, the ignorance and immoral behavior of the clergy, as well as the inquisition and indulgences. Above mentioned issues of the Catholic Church would not suffice to make such a revolution in the history of humanity. The external reasons that spread the movement within the Church to all spheres of society were essential. The above observations show that the Reformation was not a revolution of the world system, but an evolution based on the demands of the time against the deviate from the main principles.

Studi Dampak Kontrasepsi Suntik terhadap Akseptor Puskesmas Antang Perumnas Antang dalam Kaidah al-Ḍarar Yuzāl

This study aims to determine the impacts of contraceptive injection for acceptor health centers Antang Perumnas of the al-Ḍarar Yuzāl rule. This type of research is the qualitative approach to field research. The results of this research show that firstly, the condition of acceptors in health centers of Antang Perumnas Manggala is quite diverse, acceptors in this region belong to the middle and lower economic classes with varying levels of religious understanding; secondly, two reasons cause family planning acceptors to inject, namely internal and external reasons with different impacts on their acceptors; thirdly, the application of al-Ḍarar Yuzāl's rule for the use of contraceptive injections has the following Islamic legal implications: wajib when the acceptor is awake from diseases such as uterine cancer, or death if having a pregnancy, becomes makruh if the acceptor feels pain during menstruation and intercourse, or the emergence of uterine myoma in the endometrium, and becomes haram when removing sexual sensitivity, not passionate until the feeling of anger towards the husband that ends in divorce. This research is expected to contribute to the medical world to find healthy birth control solutions for acceptors and make acceptors wiser before deciding to use contraceptive injection.