Piezopulsometric analysis of autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in an elderly person under stress

Описаны результаты применения нового метода артериальной пьезопульсометрии для неинвазивной оценки функционального состояния и физиологических механизмов автономной регуляции сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) у пожилого человека при острой боли, связанной с неожиданной физической травмой. Такое воздействие в первый же день вызвало негативную стресс-реакцию в мышечных эффекторах (МЭ) ССС, провоцируя аномальное усиление и ускорение сократимости миокарда ЛЖ сердца. Анализ графиков волн пульсового АД крови (ПАДК) показал, что максимальная скорость прироста ПАДК - VmaxPP, отражающая сократительную способность миокарда, выросла с 625±74 перед травмой до 2 117±173 мм рт. ст./с после травмы, исказив контур нормального графика. Причиной этого роста могло быть быстрое суммарное воздействие трансмиттеров нейроэндокринной симпатико-адреналовой системы на адренорецепторы кардиомиоцитов. Результаты спектрального анализа вариабельности параметров волн ПАДК подтвердили такую возможность. Было показано, что при стрессе норадреналин из активированных симпатических эфферентов добавляется к характерному для пожилых людей уже повышенному содержанию гуморальных катехоламинов в межклеточной среде миокарда вблизи адренорецепторов кардиомиоцитов. При этом существенно возрастает активность парасимпатических эфферентов, выделяющих ацетилхолин, ингибирующий контрактильную реакцию миокарда и тем самым выполняющий сдерживающую кардиопротекторную функцию. При исследовании механизмов автономной регуляции МЭ ССС в условиях стрессорного воздействия использовали персонализированный подход. The article describes the results of using the method of arterial piezopulsometry for non-invasive assessment of the functional state and physiological mechanisms of autonomous regulation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) in an elderly person with acute pain associated with unexpected physical trauma. On the first day, such an effect caused a negative stress reaction in the muscle effectors (ME) of the CVS, provoking an abnormal increase and acceleration of the contractility of the left ventricular myocardium. Analysis of the arterial blood pressure (PP) pulse wave graphs showed that the maximum rate of PP growth - VmaxPP, which reflects myocardial contractility, increased from 625±74 before injury to 2 117±173 mm Hg/s after injury, distorting the contour of the normal PP waveform. The reason for this growth could be the rapid cumulative effect of transmitters of the neuroendocrine sympathoadrenal system on adrenergic receptors (AR) of cardiomyocytes (CM). The results of the spectral analysis of the variability of the parameters of the PP waves confirmed this possibility. It was shown that under stress, norepinephrine from activated sympathetic efferents is added to the already increased content of humoral catecholamines in the extracellular environment of the myocardium near the AR of the CM, which is characteristic of the elderly. At the same time, the activity of parasympathetic efferents, releasing acetylcholine, which inhibits the contractile reaction of the myocardium and, thereby, performs a restraining cardioprotective function, significantly increases. A personalized approach was used for piezopulsometric study of the mechanisms of autonomous regulation of ME CVS under specific conditions of stress.

PREDICTION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE

Introduction. Periodontal tissue disease is one of the most common dental pathologies, which among young people occurs with a frequency of 60% to 99%. Therefore, the problem of finding new links in the pathogenesis, the reasons for the growing prevalence of periodontal disease, as well as effective methods for its early diagnosis and prevention, is relevant. Objectives. Establish the possibility of using individual stomatological and psychophysiological features to predict the development of periodontal disease. Materials and methods. 156 students aged 18-23 years old without systemic diseases were surveyed for some features of oral hygiene and nutrition. Also the study subjects underwent a dental examination, psychological testing and the assessment of individual typological features of higher nervous activity and autonomous regulation. The model for statistical prediction were designed using neural networks. Results. Two neural networks were designed with the best predictors among dental history and examination, psychological testing, parameters of higher nervous activity and heart rate variability analysis. The diagnostic sensitivity of the first prognostic model was 83.33 % and the specificity was 92.31 %. The second model was characterized by 90.00 % sensitivity and 78.57 % specificity. Conclusion. The method of modeling using neural networks based on the index assessment of the condition of teeth hard tissues, the level of oral hygiene and the evaluation of psychophysiological features can effectively predict the risk of periodontal disease development in young people

Autonomic rhythm regulation of elite wrestlers with different dominance of brain hemisphere

The results of a study of the autonomous regulation of the heart rate in elite wrestlers with different dominance of the cerebral hemispheres were present in the manuscript 23 elite wrestlers. Were examined members of the National Team of Ukraine in Greco-Roman wrestling, aged 22-34 years-old. A body composition monitor "Omron BF511" and a computer electrocardiograph "Fazagraf" were used. It was revealed that elite wrestlers with a dominance of the right hemisphere have more intense regulation of the heart rhythm compared to wrestlers with a dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain. With an increase in the tension of the system of autonomous regulation of the heart rhythm in wrestlers with the dominance of the right hemisphere of the brain, the activation of the central and sympathetic division of regulation occurs. For the purpose of a more effective preparation process and in the development of individual training programs for elite wrestlers, it is necessary to determine the dominance of the cerebral hemispheres.

Neuroendocrine-immune complex as the mirror of the state of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites at rats

Background. Earlier we found that even in intact rats, certain parameters of nitrogenous metabolism fluctuate in a fairly wide range, which further expands in cases of prolonged water loads. Based on this, we have been created three groups that are homogeneous in the parameters of nitrogenous metabolism. We have been shown that each cluster is accompanied by a specific constellation of immune parameters. In this study, an attempt will be made to supplement the immune accompaniment of each constellation of nitrogenous metabolites with parameters of the autonomic nervous and endocrine systems. Material and methods. Experiment was performed on 60 healthy female Wistar rats, both intact and loaded with different mineral waters. Immune status was assessed by thymocytogram, splenocytogram, blood leukocytogram and immunocytogram, as well as by phagocytosis parameters of blood neutrophils and monocytes. The state of autonomous regulation assessed by HRV. The plasma levels of the hormones of adaptation: corticosterone, triiodothyronine and testosterone (by the ELISA) were determined as well as mineralocorticoid, calcitonin and parathyroid activity calculated by their electrolyte markers. Results. 9 neuro-endocrine and 17 immune parameters were identified, the set of which three clusters of nitrogen metabolism clearly differ from each other. The overall accuracy of the classification is 93,3%. Conclusion. The variety of states of exchange of nitrogenous metabolites is accompanied by specific constellations of 26 parameters of neuro-endocrine-immune complex.

Lysosome Lipid Signaling from the Periphery to Neurons Regulates Longevity

Lysosomes are key cellular organelles that metabolize extra- and intracellular substrates. Alterations in lysosomal metabolism are implicated in aging-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, how lysosomal metabolism actively coordinates the metabolic and nervous systems to regulate aging remains unclear. Here, we report a fat-to-neuron lipid signaling pathway induced by lysosomal metabolism and its longevity promoting role in Caenorhabditis elegans. We discovered that lysosomal lipolysis in peripheral fat storage tissue up-regulates the neuropeptide signaling pathway in the nervous system to promote longevity. This cell-non-autonomous regulation requires the secretion from the fat storage tissue of a lipid chaperone protein LBP-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). LBP-3 binds to specific PUFAs, and acts through a nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 and neuropeptide NLP-11 in neurons to extend lifespan. Together, these results reveal lysosomes as a signaling hub to coordinate metabolism and aging, and lysosomal signaling mediated inter-tissue communication in promoting longevity.

Lysosome Lipid Signaling from the Periphery to Neurons Regulates Longevity

Lysosomes are key cellular organelles that metabolize extra- and intracellular substrates. Alterations in lysosomal metabolism are implicated in aging-associated metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, how lysosomal metabolism actively coordinates the metabolic and nervous systems to regulate aging remains unclear. Here, we report a fat-to-neuron lipid signaling pathway induced by lysosomal metabolism and its longevity promoting role in Caenorhabditis elegans. We discovered that lysosomal lipolysis in peripheral fat storage tissue up-regulates the neuropeptide signaling pathway in the nervous system to promote longevity. This cell-non-autonomous regulation requires the secretion from the fat storage tissue of a lipid chaperone protein LBP-3 and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). LBP-3 binds to specific PUFAs, and acts through a nuclear hormone receptor NHR-49 and neuropeptide NLP-11 in neurons to extend lifespan. Together, these results reveal lysosomes as a signaling hub to coordinate metabolism and aging, and a lysosomal signaling mechanism that mediates inter-tissue communication to promote longevity.

How Can Students Feel More Vital Amidst Severe Restrictions? Psychological Needs Satisfaction, Motivational Regulation and Vitality of Students during the Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions

During the pandemic restrictions imposed in spring 2020, many aspects of students’ living and learning environments changed drastically. From the perspective of Self-Determination Theory, changes in social context interact with the satisfaction or frustration of basic psychological needs and, as a result, with study-related motivational regulation and vitality. In this study, we investigate the relationships between the contextual factors of online-based distance learning, basic psychological needs, forms of motivational regulation and subjective vitality in a sample of N = 1849 university students across eight universities in Austria and Germany. Based on structural equational modelling, the results stress the relevance of satisfaction with technological resources in regard to higher levels of satisfaction in all three basic psychological needs, while perceived overload is linked to lower levels of needs satisfaction and increased basic psychological needs frustration. Further, the estimated workload difference before and during the pandemic is not related to the motivational outcomes of the model. All relationships have been tested for mediation effects between basic psychological needs and the different forms of motivational regulation on subjective vitality: for the need for relatedness, no mediation is found, while the effect of the need for autonomy is fully mediated by autonomous regulation styles. The need for competence was associated with several mediating interactions with regulation styles. The results offer insight into students’ perceptions of their study-related experiences during the pandemic and can help to develop effective methods in online-based and blended learning settings in the future.

A Synthetic, Closed-Looped Gene Circuit for the Autonomous Regulation of RUNX2 Activity during Chondrogenesis

The transcription factor RUNX2 is a key regulator of chondrocyte phenotype during development, making it an ideal target for prevention of undesirable chondrocyte maturation in cartilage tissue engineering strategies. Here, we engineered an autoregulatory gene circuit (cisCXp-shRunx2) that negatively controls RUNX2 activity in chondrogenic cells via RNA interference initiated by a tunable synthetic Col10a1-like promoter (cisCXp). The cisCXp-shRunx2 gene circuit is designed based on the observation that induced RUNX2 silencing after early chondrogenesis enhances the accumulation of cartilaginous matrix in 2D ATDC5 model. We show that the cisCXp-shRunx2 initiates RNAi of RUNX2 in maturing chondrocytes in response to the increasing intracellular RUNX2 activity without interfering with early chondrogenesis in ATDC5 cells. The induced loss of RUNX2 activity in turn negatively regulates the gene circuit itself. Furthermore, the efficacy of RUNX2 suppression from cisCXp-shRunx2 can be controlled by modifying the sensitivity of cisCXp promoter. Long-term 3D cultures of reprogrammed ATDC5 cells had increased matrix accumulation compared to naive cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that the negative modulation of Runx2 activity with our autoregulatory gene circuit can reduce the effects of RUNX2 activity and enhance matrix synthesis in chondroprogenitor cells.