THE EMPLOYER’S RISK PRINCIPLE

The article discusses the employer’s risk as a principle of labour law. The idea of employer’s risk is that the employer bears the consequences of obstacles in the performance of the employment relationship that it has not caused. The author distinguishes the obstacles: not related (the employer’s risk in a strict sense) and related to the employee (personal risk). As a rule, the employer bears the risk of circumstances not related to the employee. The nature as well as the application scope of regulations allow to formulate a normative principle of the labour law. At the same time the employer bears the risk of the obstacles related to the employee only in cases specified in the labour law, both: statutory standards as well as autonomous provisions. As a result, the personal risk of the employer cannot be considered to be a normative principle of the labour law.

Turkish President’s Address to The Joint Session of Pakistan’s Parliament: A Corpus Assisted Positive Discourse Analysis

Formal visits to friendly regions have grown in popularity worldwide in recent years. Heads of state addresses are analysed from a unique perspective. Positive discourse analysis of speeches by international leaders has garnered attention, particularly in Pakistan, following Turkey's president's four visits to the country over the last decade. For the fourth time, he was given the opportunity to address the joint session of parliament. Since their independence, Turkey and Pakistan have had a friendly relationship, and even before that, the people of the region fought to defend the Ottoman Empire during World War II. The people of the subcontinent were active participants in the process, pleading with the British government to maintain the Khilafat system. Very little research has been conducted on presidential speeches, particularly those delivered by Turkish leaders. As a result, the focus of this research paper is on President Erdogan's speeches to the Pakistani Parliament, delivered on November 17, 2016, and February 14, 2020. This study employs a corpus-assisted positive discourse analysis approach in which the concordance patterns obtained from the corpora have been explained in the light of positive discourse analysis. The findings of the study indicate that President Erdogan's speeches are brimming with optimistic language. He tries to establish a brotherly bond with his listeners through mutual equality, respect, love, and strategic collaboration. He seems to be convinced that it is necessary to emphasize the Islamic bond that exists between the two brotherly states. The current paper is noteworthy because it applies positive discourse analysis to Turkish leaders' speeches, broadening its application scope and enriching the research content of positive discourse analysis through a corpus-informed approach.

Protection of Corporate Creditors’ Interests under Subscription System

At the end of 2013, the reform of China’s corporate capital system established the full subscription system design. This reform, however, is far from ideal. It also introduces new issues, such as bogus companies, which have a new impact on the market economy. The reason for this is that it only eliminates the minimum registered capital and first capital contribution requirements, leaving other systems that are actually matched with the paid-in system unchanged, resulting in the old and new systems forcibly grafted together being unable to adapt to each other in practice. In the real world, such a corporate capital arrangement is certain to have issues. Given the company’s debt repayment problem, which is caused by the current full subscription system, it is advisable to establish and improve the company’s credit and information publicity system, appropriately expand the application scope of the disregard of corporate personality system, and constantly improve the company’s registered capital urging system, in order to ensure the enrichment of the company’s capital, better safeguard the interests of the company’s creditors, and avoid the company’s debt repayment problem.

Extension of the Wittrick-Williams Algorithm for Free Vibration Analysis of Hybrid Dynamic Stiffness Models Connecting Line and Point Nodes

This paper extends the Wittrick-Williams (W-W) algorithm for hybrid dynamic stiffness (DS) models connecting any combinations of line and point nodes. The principal novelties lie in the development of both the DS formulation and the solution technique in a sufficiently systematic and general manner. The parent structure is considered to be in the form of two dimensional DS elements with line nodes, which can be connected to rigid/spring point supports/connections, rod/beam point supports/connections, and point connections to substructures. This is achieved by proposing a direct constrain method in a strong form which makes the modeling process straightforward. For the solution technique, the W-W algorithm is extended for all of the above hybrid DS models. No matrix inversion is needed in the proposed extension, making the algorithm numerically stable, especially for complex built-up structures. A mathematical proof is provided for the extended W-W algorithm. The proposed DS formulation and the extended W-W algorithm are validated by the FE results computed by ANSYS. This work significantly extends the application scope of the DS formulation and the W-W algorithm in a methodical and reliable manner, providing a powerful eigenvalue analysis tool for beam-plate built-up structures.

A generalized meshing analysis method and its application to toroidal surface enveloping conical worm drive

A generalized method for the meshing analysis of conical worm drive is proposed, whose mathematical model is more general and whose application scope is expanded. A universal mathematical model, which can be conveniently applied to left-handed and right-handed conical worm pairs and their tooth flanks on different sides, is established by introducing the helical spin coefficient and tooth side coefficient of the conical worm. The pressure angle at the reference point, which is a key parameter for calculating the curvature parameters and lubrication angle, is determined based on the unit normal vector of the worm helical surface and is no longer determined by the tooth profile angle in the worm shaft section. The above improvement breaks away from the limitation of the classic meshing analysis method based on the reference-point-based meshing theory and thus expands its application scope. The toroidal surface enveloping conical worm drive is taken as an instance to illustrate the proposed method and the numerical example studies are conducted. The approaches to determine the reference point, the normal unit vector, and the curvature parameters at the reference point are all demonstrated in detail. The numerical results all manifest that the method presented in the current work is correct and practicable.

A Study On Adapted Similitude Modeling Method of Turboexpander with Different Gas Working Fluids

The study on similitude modeling method of turboexpander with different working fluids is not only the key technical means and necessary method for the research and development of turboexpander with special working fluids, but also an effective way to further expand the application scope of turboexpander. In this paper, a new similitude modeling method (NSMM), which is based on dimensional analysis, actual characteristics of real gas and seven similitude criteria, is proposed. On the basis of modeling criterion p4, the new similitude relationship of turboexpander with different gas working fluids is obtained based on rotational speed, inlet total temperature, specific heat ratio and gas constant. Aiming at NSMM, the similitude modeling performance of turboexpander with air, methane, CO2 and helium is verified by using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. The results show that the modeling effects on aerodynamic performance are well predicted in a wide range including the design point (expansion ratio 2.9~5.0), and the errors of the total-to-total isentropic efficiency, relative equivalent mass flow rate, relative equivalent shaft power are less than 0.74%, 1.94% and 1.69%, respectively. Methane and CO2 have the best modeling performance, their errors of efficiency, relative equivalent mass flow rate and relative equivalent shaft power are all less than 0.5%; Furthermore, the NSMM also has pinpoint accuracy with the prediction of internal flow field, which provides a good idea for further research on special working fluid turboexpander and an approach to expand the application scope of turboexpanders.

BIDIRECTIONAL CONTROLLED MULTIPLE SYNCHRONIZATION OF UNBALANCED ROTORS AND ITS EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION

In the paper the problem of multiple controlled synchronization of a pair of unbalanced rotors is considered. A new bidirectional control law is proposed for multiple synchronization of rotors. A linear analysis of the dynamics of a simplified system model is presented, demonstrating the control system robustness with respect to the parameters of the vibration machine and controller. The main part of the paper is devoted to the description of the experimental results obtained at the Multiresonance Mechatronic Laboratory Setup, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approach and revealing its application scope.

Application of CAD Technology in Building Decoration Construction

With the rapid development of science and technology, the application scope of computer technology and related software is expanding, while improving the work efficiency of various industries, the quality of people’s work has also been greatly improved. In particular, as an important part of China’s economic development, the construction industry has gradually applied some new technical means, and achieved remarkable application results. CAD technology drawing can not only improve the standardization of scheme design, but also effectively shorten the time, which is of great significance to the improvement of construction quality. This paper focuses on the application of computer technology (CAD) in the construction of building decoration, and hopes to provide reference and suggestions for relevant personnel.