DNA Cryptography using DNA Fragment Assembly and Fragment Key Expansion for Genomic Data

This research proposes a tweaked scheme based on DNA fragment assembly to improve protection over insecure channel. The proposed procedure utilizes binary coding to change over an underlying plaintext into a reference DNA arrangement to deal with the fragmentation. DNA fragment key expansion is applied over the reference DNA sequence to make the short-chain fragments. The redundancy in the long-chain of reference DNA is removed using DNA fragment assembly. A look-up table is generated to store the binary values of overlapped fragments to be reassembled during the encryption and decryption processes to prevent artefacts. Also, it is used in an overlapped sequence to counteract cipher decomposition. The results and comparisons demonstrate that the proposed scheme can balance the three most important characteristics of any DNA masking scheme: payload, capacity, and BPN. Moreover, the potential for cracking the proposed tweaked method is more complex than the current strategies.

A Look-Up Table Based Fractional Order Composite Controller Synthesis Method for the PMSM Speed Servo System

Considering the performance requirements in actual applications, a look-up table based fractional order composite control scheme for the permanent magnet synchronous motor speed servo system is proposed. Firstly, an extended state observer based compensation scheme was adopted to suppress the motor parametric uncertainties and convert the speed servo plant into a double-integrator model. Then, a fractional order proportional-derivative (PDμ) controller was adopted as the speed controller to provide the optimal step response performance for the servo system. A universal look-up table was established to estimate the derivative order of the PDμ controller, according to the optimal samples collected by an improved differential evolution algorithm. With the look-up table, the optimal PDμ controller can be tuned analytically. Simulation and experimental results show that the servo system using the composite control scheme can achieve optimal tracking performance and has robustness to the motor parametric uncertainties and disturbance torques.

Lightweight VLSI Architectures for Image Encryption Applications

Lightweight cryptography offers significant security service in constrained environments such as wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things. The focus of this article is to construct lightweight SPN block cipher architectures with substitution box based on finite fields. The paper also details the FPGA implementation of the lightweight symmetric block cipher algorithm of SPN type with combinational S-box. Restructuring of traditional look-up-table Substitution Box (S-Box) sub-structure with a combinational logic S-box is attempted. Elementary architectures namely the basic round architecture and reduced datawidth architecture incorporating look-up-table and combinational S-Box substructure are compared in terms of area and throughput. Proposed restructure mechanism occupies less FPGA resources with no comprise in the latency and also demonstrates performance efficiency and low power consumption in Xilinx FPGAs. Robustness of the proposed method against various statistical attacks has been analyzed through comparison with other existing encryption mechanisms.

Intercomparison of different state-of-the-art formulations of the mass density of humid air

The differences between one classical and three state-of-the-art formulations of the mass density of humid air were quantified. Here, we present both the calculi for direct determination of the humid-air mass density employing the virial form of the thermodynamic equation of state, and a sufficiently accurate look-up-table for the quick-look determination of the humid-air mass density, which is based on the advanced Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater 2010.

Dynamic Chaotic Look-Up Table for MRI Medical Image Encryption

Nowadays, a variety of cryptosystem based on the chaos theory have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a new scheme encryption for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI); medical images, using the chaos theory to define a dynamic chaotic Look-Up Table (LUT). Theoretic analyses and simulation results show that our scheme is secure and efficient. Also, the proposed cryptosystem is resistant to the known plaintext attack.

Gaussian exponential regression method for modeling open circuit voltage of lithium-ion battery as a function of state of charge

Purpose The purpose of the article is to develop an equation to accurately represent OCV as a function of SoC with reduced computational burden. Dependency of open circuit voltage (OCV) on state of charge (SoC) is often represented by either a look-up table or an equation developed by regression analysis. The accuracy is increased by either a larger data set for the look-up table or using a higher order equation for the regression analysis. Both of them increase the memory requirement in the controller. In this paper, Gaussian exponential regression methodology is proposed to represent OCV and SoC relationships accurately, with reduced memory requirement. Design/methodology/approach Incremental OCV test under constant temperature provides a data set of OCV and SoC. This data set is subjected to polynomial, Gaussian and the proposed Gaussian exponential equations. The unknown coefficients of these equations are obtained by least residual algorithm and differential evolution–based fitting algorithms for charging, discharging and average OCV. Findings Root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed equation for differential evolution–based fitting technique is 35% less than second-order Gaussian and 74% less than a fifth-order polynomial equation for average OCV with a 16.66% reduction in number of coefficients, thereby reducing memory requirement. Originality/value The knee structure in the OCV and SoC relationship is accurately represented by Gaussian first-order equation, and the exponential equation can accurately describe the linear relation. Therefore, this paper proposes a Gaussian exponential equation that accurately represents the OCV as a function of SoC. The results obtained from the proposed regression methodology are compared with the polynomial and Gaussian regression in terms of RMSE, mean average, variance and number of coefficients.

Rapid quantification of tissue perfusion properties with a two-stage look-up table: a simulation study

Tissue perfusion properties reveal crucial information pertinent to clinical diagnosis and treatment. Multispectral spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an emerging imaging technique that has been widely used to quantify tissue perfusion properties. However, slow processing speed limits its usefulness in real-time imaging applications. In this study, we present a two-stage look-up table (LUT) approach that accurately and rapidly quantifies optical (absorption and reduced scattering maps) and perfusion (total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation maps) properties using stage-1 and stage-2 LUTs, respectively, based on reflectance images at 660nm and 850nm. The two-stage LUT can be implemented on both CPU and GPU computing platforms. Quantifying tissue perfusion properties using the simulated diffuse reflectance images, we achieved a quantification speed of 266, 174, and 74 frames per second for three image sizes 512x512, 1024x1024, and 2048x2048 pixels, respectively. Quantification of tissue perfusion properties was highly accurate with only 3.5% and 2.5% error for total hemoglobin and oxygen saturation quantification, respectively. The two-stage LUT has the potential to be adopted in existing SFDI applications to enable real-time imaging capability of tissue hemodynamics.

Benchmark Test Cases for Non-Gray Radiative Heat Transfer Calculation using FSK Look-Up Table

Three test cases in the categories of homogeneous non-isothermal, non-homogeneous isothermal and non-homogeneous non-isothermal have been developed to validate the two-dimensional interpolation technique for calculation of non-gray radiative heat flux on the walls of the system. The participating gases H 2 O and CO 2 of different mole fractions and temperatures are considered in different zones of the test cases. HITEMP-2010 database has been used to calculate the absorption coefficients of H 2 O and CO 2 at different mole fractions and temperatures. Further, the random variation of absorption coefficients with spectrum has been reordered in smooth monotonically increasing smooth function using full spectrum k-distribution method (FSK). A look-up table is developed for different mole fractions and temperatures of gases H 2 O and CO 2. The calculation of absorption coefficients at thermodynamic states other than look up table has been performed using two dimensional interpolation techniques. The geometry of test cases have been divided into three zones whose conditions on the first and last zones are same as available in look-up table while interpolation is used for the middle zone. The radiative transfer equation is solved numerically by finite volume discrete ordinate method (FVDOM). The results have been compared with FSK method and have been found that interpolation techniques are giving satisfactory results with extremely less computational resource and time.