Comparison of the Wear Behavior and Hardness of Vinylester Resin Reinforced by Glass Fiber and Nano ZrO2 and Fe3O4

The current trend in scientific researches is to improve the performance of mechanical and physical properties of polymeric compounds, one of these methods is to add nanoparticles to polymeric composites. In this work, the wear behaviour (pin to disc) of nanocomposites composed of vinyl ester reinforced glass fibers and nanoparticles was evaluated under three different factors, such as specimen content, load applied, and distance sliding using a sliding time constant, as well as studying the hardness shore for these nanocomposites. The (hand-lay) method was used for the purpose of preparing the nanocomposites from vinyl ester filled with 10% vf. glass fiber and (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% vf. of nano-Fe3O4 and ZrO2). The results are tabulated and analysed using Taguchi experiments (L9) (Minitab 18) for the purpose of determining which of the factors under consideration had the greatest influence on the wear behaviour. From the results, it was found that the specimens (vinyl ester-10% vf. glass fibers-2% ZrO2) and (vinyl ester-10% vf. glass fibers-2% Fe3O4) give the best wear resistance 0.003×10-5, 0.012×10-5 mm3/Nm respectively under the factors (load 20 N, sliding distance 45 cm). It was found that the specimen content is the most important factor influencing the wear behaviour, followed by the factors of the applied load and then the sliding distance. The addition of nanoparticles (0.5-2% vf. ZrO2, Fe3O4) to the vinyl ester resin improved the hardness values. Furthermore, the findings show that the addition of nanoparticles (ZrO2, Fe3O4) had a positive effect on the (wear and hardness) tests, implying that the nanoparticles improved the bonding between the base material and reinforcing material.

Fabrication of PDMS@Fe3O4/MS Composite Materials and Its Application for Oil-Water Separation

The discharge of oily wastewater and oil spills at sea are the current difficulties in water pollution control. This problem often leads to terrible disasters. Therefore, the effective realization of oil-water separation is a very challenging problem. Superhydrophobic sponge is a promising oil-absorbing material. In this article, we reported a superhydrophobic sponge with nano-Fe3O4 for oil-water separation. The addition of nano-Fe3O4 allows the sponge to be recycled under the action of magnetic force. The sponge has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation and efficient oil-water separation. This kind of sponge is very worthy of promotion for the treatment of oily wastewater and marine oil spill accidents.

Enhanced removal of ibuprofen by heterogeneous photo-Fenton like process over sludge based Fe3O4-MnO2 catalysts

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton like catalysts with low cost, little hazardous, high effective and facile separation from aqueous solution were highly desirable. In this study, sludge-based catalysts combining nano Fe3O4-MnO2 and sludge activated carbon were successfully synthesized by high-temperature calcination method and then characterized. These synthetic materials were applied to remove ibuprofen in the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The preparation conditions of sludge-based catalysts optimized by orthogonal experiments were 2.0 M of ZnCl2, a temperature of 500 °C, a pyrolysis time of 60 min, and a sludge ratio: Fe3O4-MnO2 of 25:2. In batch experiments, the optimal experimental conditions were determined as catalyst dosage of 0.4 g·L−1, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3.0 g·L−1, pH value of 3.3, and contact time of 2.5 h. The degradation rate Sludge/Fe3O4-MnO2 catalyst to ibuprofen is up to 95%. The removal process of ibuprofen fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the photocatalytic degradation process was the main factor controlling the reaction rate. The catalytic mechanism was proposed according to the FTIR analysis and mass spectrometry product analysis, it was mainly attributed to the interaction between hydroxyl groups and benzene rings.

Green Synthesis of Carbon-Encapsulated Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Using Hydrothermal Carbonization from Rattan Holocelluloses

How to design a simple and scalable procedure for manufacturing multifunctional carbon-based nanoparticles using lignocellulosic biomass directly is a challenging task. Based on the green chemistry concept, we developed a novel one-pot solution-phase reaction to prepare carbon-encapsulated magnetic nano-Fe3O4 particles (Fe3O4@C) with a tunable structure and composition through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of Fe2+/Fe3+ loaded rattan holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (EmimAc and AmimCl). The detailed characterization results indicated that the Fe3O4@C synthesized from the holocelluloses pretreated with ionic liquids (ILs) under alkaline conditions tends to have a higher saturation magnetization, probably due to the increased iron ions loading. Moreover, increasing the HTC temperature led to an increased abundance of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the synthesized particles and an elevated saturation magnetization. When EmimAc-treated holocelluloses were used as the carbon precursors, well-encapsulated Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were obtained with a maximum saturation magnetization of 42.6 emu/g. This synthetic strategy, coupled with the structure of the iron carbide-based composite and the proposed mechanism, may open a new avenue for the development of carbon-encapsulated iron oxide-based magnetic nanoparticles.