A novel graph convolutional neural network for predicting interaction sites on protein kinase inhibitors in phosphorylation

Protein kinase-inhibitor interactions are key to the phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, which shows the importance of binding mechanism research and kinase inhibitor design. In this study, a novel machine learning module (i.e., the WL Box) was designed and assembled to the Prediction of Interaction Sites of Protein Kinase Inhibitors (PISPKI) model, which is a graph convolutional neural network (GCN) to predict the interaction sites of protein kinase inhibitors. The WL Box is a novel module based on the well-known Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm, which assembles multiple switch weights to effectively compute graph features. The PISPKI model was evaluated by testing with shuffled datasets and ablation analysis using 11 kinase classes. The accuracy of the PISPKI model with the shuffled datasets varied from 83 to 86%, demonstrating superior performance compared to two baseline models. The effectiveness of the model was confirmed by testing with shuffled datasets. Furthermore, the performance of each component of the model was analyzed via the ablation study, which demonstrated that the WL Box module was critical. The code is available at https://github.com/feiqiwang/PISPKI.

Mechanism of Acupuncture and Moxibustion on Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Animal Studies

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a genitourinary disease commonly seen in males, with symptoms involving pelvic pain, urinary system disease, and sexual dysfunction, which seriously affects physical and mental health, and it also influences the quality of life of patients. At present, the disease’s aetiology and pathogenesis are unclear, and there is also no effective treatment for it. Acupuncture and moxibustion have been a way to CP/CPPS, showing good curative effect with advantages of safety and affordability. However, the relevant research in this field is less discussed. By adopting databases, such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, and Medline, this review article used keywords including chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and electric acupuncture, manual acupuncture, moxibustion, and animal experiments, rats, mice, and mechanism research and reviewing research papers published from 1998 to 2021. Then, it further summarized and evaluated the mechanism research and gave a brief comment about modeling methods, acupoints selection, and stimulus parameters that have been used in the selected research papers. Equally important, this review article proposes a reference for the in-depth study of the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion on CP/CPPS and provides a theoretical basis to better treat the disease in the clinic.

EFFECTIVE INSURANCE MECHANISM: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATION

The subject of research, which is covered in the article, is the insurance mechanism, namely: the essence of the insurance mechanism, research methodology, methods for determining the effectiveness. The purpose of the study is to deepen the theoretical foundations for the application of the insurance mechanism by insurers and to formulate approaches to assess its effectiveness. The research methodology is general and special methods. As a result of research on the basis of processing of scientific sources the essence of the insurance mechanism is defined. The analysis of methodological approaches to the study and study of the insurance mechanism allowed to justify the need to supplement them with a systematic approach, which provides consideration of the mechanism from the standpoint of complexity and allows to identify systemic gaps in the operation of insurance companies, government regulation. The insurance mechanism is considered from the point of view of efficiency of its functioning, requirements concerning tasks of the insurance mechanism which degree of performance will testify to efficiency of its action are formulated. The concept of socially significant types of insurance is offered, which allows to expand the meaningful definition of the category of insurance. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of the insurance mechanism in accordance with the formulated tasks are defined, calculation formulas are given, according to which it is possible to evaluate the efficiency of the insurance mechanism for the components of the tasks. The use of the introduced concepts in the theory of insurance allowed to formulate proposals for improving the insurance legislation in terms of compulsory insurance and government regulation. The scope of the obtained results is the state regulation of non-banking financial institutions activity, and insurance companies activity.

The Moderating Effect of Holding Shareholders on Corporate Performance in Institute Spin-Offs from the Perspective of Institutional Logics

Based on the panel data of 577 spin-offs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) from 2008 to 2017, this paper explores the moderating effect of the different types of holding shareholders on business performance and innovation performance in institute spin-offs from the perspective of institutional logics. The findings indicate that investment in research and development (R&D) has a significant positive impact on the business performance and innovation performance of the institute spin-offs. Corporate legal representative holding shareholders positively moderate the relationship between R&D investment and business performance. Due to the conflict of incentive mechanism, research institute legal representative holding shareholders negatively moderate the relationship between R&D investment and both areas of performance. Scientist natural person holding shareholders positively moderate the relationship between R&D investment and both areas of performance. The research conclusions of this paper enrich the research on institute spin-offs and expand the research on the role of holding shareholders in business operation.