The Effect of Complex Feed Supplements on the Growth and Development of Long Bones in Broilers

Poultry farming as one of the most intensive branches of animal husbandry, and it uses a large amount of various feed supplements in order to obtain the maximum production volume. This article presents the results of a study on the effect of feed supplements used for feeding broiler chickens. Until the age of 42 days, the chickens received a phytase-containing enzyme supplement, mineral supplements Mn and Ca in a citrate form and a vitamin supplement of 1,25-dioxycholecalciferol (vitamin D3, calcitriol). The live weight of the chickens was measured at the age of 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days. The femur development of the chickens was studied through morphological methods (morphometry and histological examination). The influence of various supplements (from the combined to the mutually absorbing ones) on the growth and development of the long bones of broilers was identified. Keywords: poultry, broilers, feed supplements, vitamin D, mineral supplements, enzyme supplements, histology, bones

Meta-analysis identifies the effect of dietary multi-enzyme supplementation on gut health of pigs

Gut health though is not well defined the role of gastrointestinal tract is vital if an animal must perform well. Apart from digestion, secretion, and absorption gut is harbored with consortium of microbiota which plays a key role in one’s health. Enzymes, one of the alternatives for antibiotics with beneficial effects on digestion and consistency of food and its effect on gut health. The effect of enzyme supplementation on gut health is not well established and the objective of this meta-analysis is to investigate if the enzyme supplement has influence on gut. This meta-analysis includes 1221 experiments which has single enzyme studies and or studies with multiple enzyme complexes but not challenged. The ratio of Lactobacillus and E. coli is related to ADFI which showed comparatively lower negative correlation coefficient, with − 0.052 and − 0.035, respectively, whose I2 values are below 25%, showing that these studies show a significantly lower level of heterogeneity. Correlation between villus height, crypt depth, their ratio and fatty acid is also assessed, and it showed that when the animal is supplemented with two enzyme complexes resulted in positive gut health rather than the single or more than two enzymes.

Effect of β-mannanase enzyme supplementation on the morphofunctional state of broiler chickens’ immunocompetent organs

Identifying and eliminating factors that interfere with the nutrient absorption from feed is essential for successful poultry rearing. The nutritional value of feed mixtures used in the poultry industry can be increased by the use of enzyme supplements, in particular β-mannanase (Hemicell), which breaks down the anti-nutrients β-mannans that are present in significant quantities in soy products. For the study, two groups of 50 broiler chickens were formed. In the control group a standard feed mixture from cereals was used, particularly soybeans, and in the experimental group 0.05% β-mannanase enzyme supplement (Hemicell) in addition to the compound feed was used. Production indicators were established (average daily gain, survival rate, feed costs). On the 15th, 25th and 42nd days of rearing, lymphatic organs (cloacal bursa and spleen) were collected from seven chickens of each group, followed by macro, microscopic and morphometric evaluation. It was found that the addition of an enzyme supplement promotes an increase in the production indicators of poultry rearing, reduces feed use, does not affect the macroscopic characteristics of the lymphatic organs. β-mannanase (Hemicell) contributes to the maintenance of an active morphofunctional state of the cloacal bursa and spleen during the entire period of poultry rearing. This was manifested by high indices of the absolute and relative organ masses, a moderate development degree of tissue components and cloacal bursa histological structures (number, shape and average length of lymphatic nodules, density of lymphocytes in the cortex and medulla) and spleen (number and diameter of lymphatic nodules and periarterioal lymphatic sheaths). In the control group, at all stages of rearing, the morphofunctional state of the bursa was found to be lower and signs of immunosuppression were revealed by the end of the rearing period (a sharp decline in the bursa absolute mass, organ mass index, a decrease in the average length of nodules, change in their shape, thinned cortical layer and delymphotisation). The morphofunctional state of the spleen of chickens from the control group remained high throughout the entire study period. So use of the β-mannanase enzyme supplement (Hemicell) while rearing broiler chickens not only increased the efficiency of their rearing but also contributed to maintaining a high morphological and functional state of the cloacal bursa.

Importance of Dietary Supplements to the Health

: The term “dietary supplement” defines a comprehensive and diverse category of products that are essential to our health but those are absent or insufficient into the diet that may be needed to take separately, requirement of dietary supplements are varies at different stages of life such as infant, child-adult, pregnancy, lactation, and geriatrics. Dietary supplements are not medicines, nor should they be considered a substitute for food. USFDA defines dietary supplements in part as a product taken by mouth that contains a “dietary ingredients.” Nutritional ingredients comprise vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbs or botanicals, in addition to other substances that can be considered to supplement the diet. The market flooded with various dosage forms of dietary supplements such as capsules, tablets, powders, energy bars, liquids, etc. These include Vitamin, Mineral, Herbal Products containing extracts from herbs as well as algae and fungi, Concentrate, metabolite, constituent, or extract, Enzyme supplement, Essential amino, and fatty acids. This chapter describes the importance of the dietary supplement, source, disease arises by deficiency, and recommended dose for different groups.