Abstract
Background: Fall dormancy of alfalfa is significantly associated with its cold tolerance, while root, the main body of alfalfa for overwintering, is critical for the cold resistance of alfalfa. The effect of low temperature on mitochondrial ultrastructure and respiratory metabolism of alfalfa seedling root with different fall dormancy was examined, to study the root cold resistance mechanism by which fall dormancy affects alfalfa cold tolerance. Results: Low temperature induced mitochondrial swelling, and the decline of ATP and accumulation of H 2 O 2 in alfalfa seedling root. Both the Cytochrome pathway (CP) and Alternative pathway (AP) respiratory rate were restrained and mETC complex I, II, III and IV activities were inhibited directly by low temperature in both kinds of alfalfa seedling root, while the decline of mETC complex II and III activities were more serious in Gannong No. 5. These results indicated that the damage of mitochondrial structure and the inhibition of mETC complex I , II, III and IV activities directly by low temperature declined the ATP synthesis and aggravated the ROS accumulation, which inhibit the growth of alfalfa seedling root. Moreover, the lower damage on mitochondrial structure and mETC complex II, III activities and higher the percent of AP to total respiratory rate lead to the lower ATP lack and H 2 O 2 accumulation, which contributed to the root growth of Xinmu No.4 seedling. Conclusions: Low sensitivity of mitochondrial structural stability and mETC complex II, III and Alternative respiration to low temperature contributed to the root cold resistance of alfalfa with low fall dormancy grade.