Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza

Grafting bibit kopi memiliki tujuan menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakteristik terbaik dari dua varietas kopi yang disambungkan. Kopi robusta digunakan sebagai batang bawah, karena lebih tahan terhadap kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan di lahan gambut. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan batang bawah dapat memanfaatkan mikoriza dan disambungkan dengan kopi liberika sebagai batang atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bibit kopi Liberika unggul hasil grafting dengan kopi Robusta bermikoriza serta mendapatkan panjang entres kopi Liberika yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah inokulasi mikoriza (tanpa aplikasi mikoriza dan aplikasi mikoriza gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan faktor kedua berupa panjang entres (10, 15, 20 dan 25 cm). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase keberhasilan sambungan, waktu pecah tunas, pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, bobot kering tunas, dan infeksi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta bermikoriza terbaik diperoleh pada panjang entres 15 cm, sedangkan yang disambungkan dengan Robusta tidak bermikoriza diperoleh pada panjang entres 25 cm. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta terbaik pada berbagai panjang entres diperoleh pada kopi Robusta bermikoriza.” The main goal of coffee grafting is to create a crop with the best characteristic of two coffee varieties in one plant. Robusta coffee is used as the rootstock, which is more resistant to constraints and unfavorable conditions in the peatland. The effort to increase rootstock resistance is inoculated by mycorrhizae and grafted with Liberica coffee as the scion. This study aimed to obtain the best scion length in order to increase the growth of Liberica coffee with Robusta coffee as the inoculated rootstock. The experiment used factorial completely randomized design with the first factor was mycorrhizae inoculation (without inoculation and inoculation of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c combination) and the second factor was the length of scion (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The variables observed were the percentage of success grafted plants, shoot break time, growth (plant height, number of leave, number of shoots, and shoot dry weight) and mycorrhizae infection. The results showed that the plant inoculated by mycorrhizae and scion lenght of 15 cm gave the best percentage of the success graft, shoot break time, and growth of scion. While, the root stock without inoculation showed the best result with the scion length 25 cm. The best growth of grafted plant was obtained in all scion length with mycorrhizae inoculation.

Aplikasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula Glomus sp. dan Trichoderma sp. sebagai pupuk hayati dan biostimulator pertumbuhan tanaman tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan potensial untuk dikembangkan. Permintaan pasar terhadap buah tomat meningkat, namun produksi tomat di Bali mengalami penurunan karena faktor biotik dan abiotik. Upaya untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman tomat yaitu menggunakan FMA Glomus sp. dan Trichoderma sp. yang berfungsi sebagai pupuk hayati dan biostimulator. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2020 sampai Februari 2021 dan bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian FMA, Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasinya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat. Lokasi penelitian di Greenhouse dan Laboratorium Taksonomi Tumbuhan Prodi Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Udayana. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor pertama dosis FMA Glomus (0, 100, 150 dan 200 spora per tanaman), faktor kedua dosis Trichoderma (0, 10 dan 20 mL per tanaman). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan analisis Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi FMA Glomus sp. 150 spora per tanaman dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, jumlah kuntum bunga per tanaman, berat kering total tanaman dan mendapatkan persentase kolonisasi FMA tertinggi sebesar 35% (kategori sedang).

Aplikasi Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza terhadap Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) pada Latosol Dramaga

Pupuk hayati mikoriza dapat mempertahankan produktivitas lahan dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan bawang merah (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) serta mengetahui infeksi akar, dan pengaruhnya terhadap kadar N, P, K tanah. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan pengujian pupuk hayati yang dilakukan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70/ Permentan/ SR. 140/10/2011, terdiri dari 6 perlakuan (A-F) sebagai berikut: A) kontrol, B) pupuk standar, C) pupuk hayati mikoriza, D) pupuk hayati mikoriza + 25% pupuk standar, E) pupuk hayati mikoriza + 50% pupuk standar, F) pupuk hayati mikoriza + 75% pupuk standar. Terdapat 5 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 30 satuan percobaan. Pupuk hayati mikoriza dapat mengurangi kebutuhan pupuk standar (PS) menjadi 25% sampai 50%. Kombinasi pupuk hayati 2.5 g/tanaman dengan 50% PS menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot biomassa terbaik, namun secara ekonomis lebih direkomendasikan pemakaian 25% PS. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan mikoriza memiliki nilai infeksi akar yang sangat tinggi yaitu diatas 75%. Jenis spora yang berhasil berasosiasi adalah Acaulospora sp., Glomus etunicatum, dan Glomus sp. Pengaplikasian mikoriza menghasilkan respons peningkatan sebesar 14.91% pada P-tersedia Latosol, sedangkan terhadap K-dd dan N-total tidak berpengaruh nyata.

Exploration of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi from Sugarcane Rhizosphere in Marginal Land

The exploration of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi from sugarcane plantation in marginal land in South Sulawesi was carried out to find the source of inoculums showing effective infection. Soil samples were taken from four area with different characteristic of marginal land, namely land with low organic matter content, clay texture, limited irrigation, and undulating land. Mycorrhizae contained in the soil samples were then observed, and the spores obtained were used as the source of isolation by a single spore culture. The mycorrhizal spores were isolated by wet sieving and centrifugation method with 48% sucrose, which were observed under a compound microscope for spore details (100-1000x). Sugarcane root samples were taken to observe mycorrhizal infection in sugarcane root tissue by root staining method. The results of the study showed that the greatest diversity of mycorrhizal genera was found in soil samples of Jambua Block (Glomus, Gigaspora, and Sclerocistis) and AJ-5 Block area (Glomus, Acaulospora, and Sclerocistis). Single-spore isolates obtained were Glomus sp. and Acaulospora sp. Infection test result on four sugarcane varieties commonly grown in Takalar Sugar Factory showed that infectivity of mycorrhizal isolate of Acaulospora sp. was the highest (75%) and significantly different (LSD’test, p 0,05) compared to that of Glomus sp. (66%).

Mycorrhiza stimulates Rhizobium infection in Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C. Nielson under Hg contamination

Symbiosis of and AMF increase soybean production, but the information on the association between these microbes in Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C. Nielson or ‘sengon’ under Hg contamination is limited. We observed P. falcataria inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus sp.) stimulate nodule formation under Hg contamination. The study was set up in a pot experiment in the growth chamber a the Hg concentration was adjusted to 50 ppm in soil medium. Inoculation of AMF stimulates nodule formation and increases P. falcataria tolerance to Hg. We isolated several bacteria from the rhizosphere belonging to Rhizobium group and others. Understanding the ecology of soil bacteria is important for Hg bioremediation using P. falcataria.

Biological Control Stem Rot Diseases (Sclerotium Rolfsii) on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) using Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are known to have potential as biological agents controlling plant pathogens. This study aims to obtain indigenous AMF isolates that can suppress the attack of Sclerotium rolfsii which causes stem rot disease in peanut. The method used is an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments, namely A : AMF Glomus sp-3 + S. rolfsii; B: AMF Acaulospora sp + S. rolfsii; C: AMF Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; D: Combined AMF Glomus sp-3, Acaulospora sp, and Gigaspora sp + S. rolfsii; E: Without AMF + S. rolfsii (Control). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Statistix 8 program and the Least Significance Different (LSD) test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the isolates of Acaulospora sp and Gigaspora sp were able to increase the resistance of peanut plants to stem rot disease (suppressing the incidence and severity of the disease) reaching 100%. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, indigenous, salicylic acid, Sclerotium rolfsii.

Selection of four types arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in oil palm seedling planted in histosol soil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) arebeneficial microbes for plants, especially in theabsorption of nutrients and water from the soil.Some factors that influence the effectiveness of thisfungus are the suitability of the AMF species withtheir host plants and abiotic condition such as soilcharacteristics. Therefore, this study aims todetermine the type of AMF that produced the bestgrowth and nutrient uptake in oil palm seedlingsplanting in histosol soil. This study used a singlefactor treatment design consisting of 9 AMFtreatments, namely control without AMF (T1),given Glomus sp. (T2), Gigaspora sp. (T3),Entrophospora sp. (T4), Acaulospora sp. (T5), amixture of Glomus sp. and Gigaspora sp. (T6), amixture of Glomus sp. and Entrophospora sp. (T7),a mixture of Gigaspora sp. and Entrophospora sp.(T8), and a mixture of Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp.,Entrophospora sp., and Acaulospora sp. (T9). Eachtreatment was repeated five times. Theexperimental design used was a randomized blockdesign. In the AMF treatment, 500 spores perseedling were given when the seedlings weretransplanted from prenursery to the main nursery.The seedlings were kept in the prenursery for 3.5months and in the main nursery for nine months.The results showed that the type of mycorrhizaethat consistently produced better seedling growthand nutrients uptake compared to the control wereGlomus sp. (T2) and a mixture of Gigaspora sp.and Entrophospora sp. (T8), which supported bydata on plant height, number of leaves, shoot dryweight, and total nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Ca,Mg, and B

Enhancing sengon seedling’s growth by using indigenous arbuscular mycorrhiza from tropical peatland

The research aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal isolates from Central Kalimantan peat swamp forest on the growth of sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq) Barneby & Grimes). Arbuscular mycorrhizal isolates consisted of Glomus sp.2 (blackish brown) & Glomus sp.3 (dark brown) isolated from the peatland of Central Kalimantan. The mycorrhizal colonization was observed and plant growth parameters were measured for five months. The design used in this research was a complete randomized design and there were 6 treatments including Glo1S2 (Glomus sp.2, 2 spores), Glo1S4 (Glomus sp.2, 4 spores), Glo2S2 (Glomus sp.3, 2 spores), Glo2S4 (Glomus sp.3, 4 spores), control I and control II. The result showed that arbuscular mycorrhiza colonization significantly different between the treatments of inoculation compared with control. Glo2S4 treatment gave a significant effect on the growth of sengon in terms of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length and total biomass. Keywords: AMF, spore, Glomus, Kalimantan

Characteristics of The Three Cultivar Physiological Growth of Jatropha curcass L. in Two Different Locations Based on Topography

The purpose of this study was to reveal the sensitivity of cross-location based on topography by giving different FMA consortiums to physiological growth characteristics in three Jatropha curcass L. cultivars. Based on these objectives, the nature of this research is verification. Experiments were carried out in two different places based on topography. The trial time starts from November 2017 to May 2018. Experiments A simple randomized block design (RBD) pattern consisting of fifteen treatment combinations is repeated twice. The experimental results showed that the dose of 10 gr FMA consortium (glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., Gigaspora sp.). With the same spore density gave the best performance of Jatropha plant growth in two different locations based on topography. Observation of chlorophyll content in leaves (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations), plant height (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations), stem diameter (age 21, 63, 21 DAP in two locations) and number of branches secondary (age 21 DAP in two locations) there was a significant effect on the single factor of giving the FMA consortium but there was no interaction between location and treatment.

Evaluación de la efectividad de las micorrizas vesículo-arbusculares nativas sobre el desarrollo vegetativo y la producción de maíz chococito cultivado en suelos de vocación minera, en la cuenca alta del río San Juan, Chocó, Colombia

Con el propósito de evaluar la efectividad de las micorrizas V. A. nativas sobre el desarrollo vegetativo y productivo de maíz chococito cultivado en zonas del municipio de Tadó, el Instituto de Investigaciones Ambientales del Pacífico (IIAP) determinó que la inoculación de diferentes dosis (0, 100,150 y 250 g/ plántula) del genero Glomus sp. producida por el IIAP, a plántulas de dicha especie en fase de vivero, produjo una efectiva y eficaz inoculación. Se aplicó el procedimiento del Manual de Métodos para la investigación de las micorrizas V. A. y otros simbiontes en el laboratorio, propuesto por Sieverding (1983) y se desarrollaron cuatro fases en campo. Los resultados demuestran que bajo las condiciones agroambientales de la zona de estudio, la efectiva relación simbiótica establecida entre el inóculo aplicado y planta de maíz chococito, mejoró su desarrollo foliar, desarrollo longitudinal, grosor del tallo, número y tamaño de mazorcas y producción. Los tratamientos 150 y 250 g/plántula generaron la mejor efectividad y mayores diferencias significativas respecto al testigo, pero no entre ellos.