FIMOSE CONGÊNITA EM CÃO: RELATO DE CASO

Phimosis is a rare condition in dogs, characterized by the inability to externalize the penis from inside the foreskin, resulting in discomfort for the affected animals. This disease can be congenital or acquired, secondary to inflammatory, neoplastic, lacerations and scarring. The most common complication of phimosis is balanoposthitis. The objective was to report the case of phimosis in a canine puppy, seen at the veterinary clinic Uningá. The 2-month-old dog, SRD, presented an increase in foreskin volume, polyuria, dysuria and pain in the manipulation of the foreskin. There were no changes in hematological tests. The animal in question was submitted to an ultrasound examination to rule out other possible causes of phimosis, such as neoplasms, for example. The patient was referred for a postioplasty and elective orchiectomy procedure. We conclude that phimosis in dogs is a rare condition, but it has a good prognosis in the short and medium terms, as long as the surgical intervention is performed correctly.

Routine blood report and common laboratory parameters in COVID-19: Experience from Bangladesh

Background: The present study aimed to describe the association of hematological parameters and common clinico-epidemiological features wit hdisease severity among COVID-19 patients. Methods: This is a hospital based observational study done in Dhaka Medical College Hospital from 01 July 2020 to 15 September 2020. Findings from hematological tests along with patient clinic-pathological features were recorded from a total of 309 COVID-19 patients. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 23.0 software. Results: Among the studied hematological parameters hemoglobin percentage, total WBC count, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, CRP, serum ferritin, d-dimer, and ESRwere significantly associated with disease severity (p<0.05). Association was found between disease severity and other biochemical markers, such as AST, ALT, LDH, and serum bilirubin. Conclusion: With limited resources these cheap, yet highly indicative biochemical markers could be used to assess, treat, and prognose COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 132-138

OLANZAPINE INDUCED BRUXISM

Iatrogenic or drug induced disease is of great clinical significance in therapeutics. Treatment with antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antipsychotics reveal Bruxism (excessive grinding and clenching of the teeth) as such type of iatrogenic disease, however it is rarely found with atypical antipsychotic drugs like Olanzapine. A 50-year male patient, suffering from schizophrenia was under regular antipsychotic medication receiving Tab. Olanzapine 5 mg O.D., Tab. Clonazepam 0.5 mg O.D. regularly for past 25 years. Recently he gradually developed excessive grinding and clenching of teeth despite of any dental and ENT clinical complications. Biochemical and hematological tests also showed normal result. On admission with the complication of bruxism, tab. Olanzapine dose was reduced to 2.5 mg OD, however even after dose reduction there was not much improvement in bruxism. On the 4th day of the admission tab. Olanzapine has been substituted with tab. Clozapine 50 mg TDS. After 1 week of withdrawal of Olanzapine there was no complain of bruxism and he was discharged. On follow up after 1month the complication was occasional. Causality assessment revealed a probable relation between Olanzapine and Bruxism. Though among the atypical neuroleptics, extrapyramidal side effects are thought to be less common with olanzapine, but it may cause fatal consequences. Therefore, this case study and proper investigation may be helpful in designing the treatment strategy in more effective way and also aware all the healthcare professionals to monitor the patients on neuroleptics.

Rehabilitation of a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) after collision with motorboat in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil

A juvenile green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) of undetermined sex was rescued on October 16, 2019, in the archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brazil. The animal was presence of active bleeding resulting from two transverse fractures in the carapace, with exposure of the coelomic cavity. Radiological and hematological tests were performed. The animal received therapeutic support and surgical reconstruction of the carapace. The animal was medically cleared and reintroduced into the natural environment 120 days after it was rescued. The protocol used here for both the rehabilitation and the surgical procedure was concluded to be effective.

BLOOD SMEAR PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN BALI ROYAL HOSPITAL

Background: Each year, dengue hemorrhagic fever has grown. Clinical hematological examinations and blood preparations are used to confirm the diagnosis. Purpose: To detect, assess and characterize dengue hemorrhagic fever blood smear at Bali Royal Hospital. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study-was conducted in April at Bali Royal Hospital on 37 patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever, clinical hematological tests and the manufacture of blood preparations identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, leukocyte counts, clinic degrees, gender and age, and blue plasma lymphocytes, are all used in hematological analyzed by univariate, ANOVA and BNT tests to analyze data. Result: Patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever are mostly toddlers and children (35.13%), women (54.0%), and dengue fever degree I (64.86%) with positive blue plasma lymphocytes (51.36%). Platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit values, and leukocyte counts are significantly changed on days 3, 6, and 9, with probability values (p=0.000) less than p=0.01. The findings of the BNT test indicate that the number of platelets and haemoglobin on various days is significantly different (p<0.01), but the hematocrit value and leukocyte calculation are not significantly different (p>0.01). Conclusion: Clinical hematological tests and blood preparations reveal a blood component anomaly in Dengue Haemorragic Fever (DHF) patients at Bali Royal Hospital on days 3, 6, and 9.

Prevalence of Thalassemia-carrier of Couples at Childbearing Age and Risk Prediction of Thalassemia

Background: Thalassemia is highly prevalent hematologic disease in Guizhou, China. This study aims to determine the epidemiological characteristics of thalassemia for couples at childbearing age in this subpopulation.Results: There were 4481 couples at childbearing age recruited for thalassemia-carrier screening through both traditional hematological tests and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Of them, 1314 (14.66%) thalassemia-carriers were identified, including 857 (9.76%) α-thalassemia, 391 (4.36%) β-thalassemia, and 48 (0.54%) composite α and β-thalassemia. Of them, 38 couples were high-risk thalassemia carriers. In addition, 12 a-globin gene alterations and 16 b-globin mutations were detected including four novel thalassemia mutations. SEA is the most common α-thalassemia genotype (26.86%), CD41-42 is the most prevalent β-thalassemia genotype (36.57%); the αα/-α3.7 + CD41-42 is the most frequent composite α and β-thalassemia genotype (18.75%). Ethnically, the Zhuang has the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carriers among the ethnic groups. Geographically, Qiannan presented the highest rate of thalassemia-gene carrier. Conclusion: This result enriched the genetic map of thalassemia and provided thalassemia genetic counseling and fertility-guidance for thalassemia-carriers in Guizhou, China. The NGS is so far the most accurate method for population thalassemia screening.

Epidemiologic profile of viral hepatitis B and C in North of Iran: results from PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)

Objective Hepatitis B (HB) and C (HC) are two severe viral infectious diseases with a deleterious impact on global health. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HB and HC in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study using immunological and molecular methods. Results The blood samples were obtained from 10,520 enrolled participants. Complete biochemical and hematological tests, as well as urine analysis, were assessed. The presence of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV antibodies for all participant and HBeAg and anti-HBe antibodies for HB-positive patients were evaluated. Moreover, HB genomic DNA and HC genomic RNA were extracted from serum samples of HB-positive patients. The real-time PCR assay was employed to quantify the gene copies of hepatitis B and C viruses. HC genotyping was also performed. The prevalence of HB and HC was 0.24% (95% CI 0.16–0.35) and 0.11% (95% CI 0.06–0.19), respectively. Rural participants were significantly more HB-positive than the urban people (P = 0.045), while males were significantly more HC-positive than the females (P = 0.013). The prevalence of HB and HC in this area were lower than those of other geographical locations of Iran, which may be due to different lifestyles or other unknown reasons.

Particularities of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 virus infection was first reported in China in late 2019 and has spread rapidly around the world. There is little information about the peculiarities of COVID-19 infection in children because the number of infected children was small, around 2% of all diseases.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we recruited 143 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March and October 2020, in Sibiu, Romania. RT-PCR tests, serum SARS-CoV-2 IgG/ IgM antibodies, lung radiography, biochemical and hematological tests were performed during the hospitalization.ResultsOf the 143 children selected in the study, 47.0% were male and 53% were female. At admission, all children tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, collecting nasopharyngeal exudate.Clinical manifestations included: cough in 75.52% of cases, fever in 55.94% of cases, nasal obstruction in 50.34% of cases, rhinorrhea in 38.46% of cases, muscle pain in 26.57% of cases, fatigue in 17.48% of cases, diarrhea and headache in 14.68% of cases. In 21 children (14,68%), the number of leukocytes was increased. In 38 cases (26,57%), the lung radiograph showed changes similar to bronchopneumonia, and the other cases did not have pulmonary changes. The persistence of the virus in the body of infected children is above the average reported in studies performed in adults, the virus being identified in the respiratory tract between 16 and 34 days. IgG class antibodies in patients' serum appeared between the 4th day of hospitalization and up to a maximum of 25 days, with a mean of 16.5 days.ConclusionThe persistence of the virus in the body of infected children is above the average reported in studies performed in adults, the virus being identified in the respiratory tract between 16 and 34 days. IgG class antibodies in patients' serum appeared within a mean of 16.5 days. All children were treated with symptomatic support without complications.

Clinical Symptoms of Arboviruses in Mexico

Arboviruses such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) have emerged as a significant public health concern in Mexico. The existing literature lacks evidence regarding the dispersion of arboviruses, thereby limiting public health policy’s ability to integrate the diagnosis, management, and prevention. This study seeks to reveal the clinical symptoms of CHIK, DENV, and ZIKV by age group, region, sex, and time across Mexico. The confirmed cases of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV were compiled from January 2012 to March 2020. Demographic characteristics analyzed significant clinical symptoms of confirmed cases. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the association between clinical symptoms and geographical regions. Females and individuals aged 15 and older had higher rates of reported significant symptoms across all three arboviruses. DENV showed a temporal variation of symptoms by regions 3 and 5, whereas ZIKV presented temporal variables in regions 2 and 4. This study revealed unique and overlapping symptoms between CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. However, the differentiation of CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV is difficult, and diagnostic facilities are not available in rural areas. There is a need for adequately trained healthcare staff alongside well-equipped lab facilities, including hematological tests and imaging facilities.