ТРУДОВИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ЯК ФАКТОР ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

This study provides insights into the relevance of research on labor potential as a driver of enterprise innovative development. Labor potential is viewed as a manifestation of the human factor imposing direct effects on enterprise business and economic performance. High environment variability triggers a critical need to explore enterprise labor potential to ensure its further adaptability to changes in modern external environment. From a systemic approach perspective, enterprise labor potential should be considered in the comprehensive framework that includes such subsystems as qualification, personal, physiological, psycho-emotional and others. Summarizing a vast array of research, in the context of this study, labor potential is viewed from the positions of such approaches as socio-biological, functional, structural, resource-based, comprehensive and systemic. It is argued that labor potential is a set of workforce abilities and aptitudes which is characterized by certain personal and professional skills that will ultimately contribute to attaining the overall enterprise goals subject to the level of its technical and technological development as well as industry focus. The structure of labor potential covers intellectual, educational, competence-based, historical, cultural, biological, motivational, economic variables, etc. The research findings have revealed that further enhancement of labor potential has important implications for enterprise innovative development, providing favourable environment for creating opportunities to boost innovations in various areas of its activities and their further implementation; facilitating transformation of novelties into innovations, etc. Given essential effects upon business innovative development, within the scope of this study, enterprise labor potential is presented as a consistent on-going process of generation and further implementation of innovations aimed at ensuring the most rational use of its workforce through an optimal combination of a range of intellectual, educational, economic, professional skills and other competence-based elements. A special focus is put that in the result, the above will contribute to gaining the overall business goal and implementating the enterprise strategic objectives.

On some problems of public policy to combat poverty and income inequality

. The article examines how in modern Russia since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, poverty has formed as a mass phenomenon, reveals the specific features of this phenomenon, which can be called “new poverty”, as well as some new factors contributing to the replenishment of marginalized layers. It shows how the poverty of workers affects the quality of the country's labor potential, what tasks in these conditions face social policy. Purpose of work: to identify why overcoming poverty currently remains largely an unresolved problem that threatens the country's economic security. It is concluded that the methods used to assess poverty and inequality do not fully assess the extent and nature of the phenomenon under study, that it is not this fate for centuries, but is largely man-made, and the social policy of the state can be a factor in the marginalization of the population. It is proved that the depreciation of labor is not a factor of competitiveness, but a factor in the destruction of labor potential and brain drain. Therefore, the main thing in solving the problem of poverty is to ensure decent income from work.

Formation of Institutional Gender Equality Provision in Wages in Ukraine

Further socialization of the labor market of Ukraine requires the intensification of social and labor inclusion, which reflects the process of increasing the participation of women in socially useful activities by creating conditions for the realization of their labor potential, including by ensuring equal pay for work of equal value, which determined the purpose of this publication: the formation of proposals for institutional support for equal pay for work in Ukraine based on the analysis of the gender pay gap and taking into account the progressive foreign experience of institutional support for gender equality in wages. The methodological basis are the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory in the context of finding a model for ensuring gender equality in the labor market, the institutional provision of equal pay for work of equal value; scientific achievements of foreign and domestic scientists in the direction of effective use of women’s labor potential, ensuring decent work for all. To achieve this goal, the following general and specific methods are used: the method of theoretical generalization, logical analysis in the process of studying the gender gap; systemic method to determine the approach to ensuring gender equality in remuneration with the improvement of gender policy in Ukraine; comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization, in terms of research of methodological approaches to labor evaluation from the standpoint of gender equality; methods of statistical analysis to assess the gender gap, including in wages. As a result, the institutional provision of gender equality in remuneration in Ukraine, which meets the norms of the ILO Convention No. 100 “On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value,” is further developed, with an analysis of methodological approaches to discrimination in remuneration and justification for regulatory improvement of provision of gender equality in remuneration. The study identifies Ukraine’s weak position, which increases the number of years to bridge the gender gap, which creates a number of negative consequences for Ukraine’s economy, including loss of GDP, reduced levels of savings and purchasing power. Implementation of the principles of the ILO Convention No. 100 “On Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for Work of Equal Value” in Ukraine leads to the improvement of legal framework and the formation of a comprehensive system of social institutions to reduce the gender pay gap. Based on the study of foreign experience, approaches and methods of labor evaluation from the standpoint of gender equality that can be applied in Ukraine are presented. Recommendations are given for the formation of institutional support for gender equality in pay in Ukraine, which include the detection of discrimination in pay based on the introduction of forms of reporting, inspections, appeals of employees; determination of methodology and methods of assessment of equal pay for work of equal value; creation of special authorities, institutes that will deal with this issue, or expansion of the functions of existing ones; determination of the system of sanctions for employers who violate the legislation of Ukraine in terms of equal pay; coordination of regulatory and legal support regarding the definition of the categorical apparatus and the mechanism of observance of the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value; conducting an information campaign on the protection of the rights to equal pay for work of equal value, etc.

Tasks and performance indicators of intelligent neural network support for decisions on managing labor potential of the fishery complex

Реализация стратегии развития рыбохозяйственного комплекса требует использования принципиально новой модели управления его социально-трудовой сферой, основанной на постоянном развитии: 1) человеческого потенциала, 2) производственной среды (процессов и технологий), 3 ) инструменты управления. Наиболее полным и эффективным решением этих задач является концепция управления трудовым потенциалом. Учитывая, что трудовой потенциал - это сложно формализуемый объект, требующий многомодельного подхода, для моделирования процессов управления им целесообразно использовать классические и новые искусственные нейронные сети. В статье представлена ​​многоуровневая структура показателей эффективности интеллектуальной нейросетевой поддержки принятия решений по управлению трудовым потенциалом рыбохозяйственного комплекса и сформулированы одна обобщенная и шестнадцать частных задач, решение которых осуществляется методами нейросетевого моделирования и направлено. при достижении заданных значений показателей эффективности. Implementation of the strategy for the development of the fishery complex requires the use of a fundamentally new model of management of its social and labor sphere, based on continuous development of: 1) human potential, 2) work environment (processes and technology), 3) management tools. The most complete and effective solution to these tasks is the concept of labor potential management. Taking into account that labor potential is a difficult-to-formalize object that requires a multi-model approach, it is advisable to use classical and new artificial neural networks to model the processes of managing it. The article presents a multi-level structure of efficiency indicators of intelligent neural network support for decisions on managing the labor potential of the fishery complex and formulates one generalized and sixteen particular tasks, solution of which is carried out by methods of neural network modeling and aimed at achieving specified values ​​of efficiency indicators.

Hygienic assessment of risk factors and health of forensic scientists

The objective of the study was to develop and implement the system of hygienic measures eliminating (mitigating) the impact of risk factors in the work of forensic scientists and to estimate effectiveness of these measures and the program aimed at improvement of employment terms for forensic scientists [1, 2]. Forensic scientists were compared to a control group of other doctors. The following researches were carried out: survey of 303 forensic scientists, analysis of their employment terms based on employment terms special evaluation (2,736 materials of employment terms special evaluation), examination of forensic scientists’ health compared to other doctors by analyzing medical examination results (309 health records). Protection and promotion of working population’s health is the state priority. Its purpose is to preserve labor potential and create conditions for economic development of the country. Medical workers are exposed to a combined, complex, and associated effect of working environment conditions and parameters [3, 4]. Industrial and social factors can result in a rising incidence, reduction in life expectancy, ill health and medical staff performance increment, and require preventive measures. Those working for forensic expert organizations constitute a special population due to a large number of professional, medical and organizational, and social risk factors [5].

ESSENCE AND CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CONCEPT “EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE”

The article examines the list of the latest scientific sources devoted directly to the definition of the economic category “labor potential of the enterprise”. Their analysis allowed us to note that in their works scientists and scholars rationalize the need to clarify the essence of the concept “labor potential of the enterprise”, especially given the transformations and constantly emerging new requirements in the modern market environment of enterprises. At the same time, there is a lack of unity of their views on the revealing of the meaning of this term, and their variety is very diverse. The existing developments of scientists to establish the essence of the economic category “labor potential of the enterprise” really need further consideration and refinement. The main purpose of the article is to provide an essence and content characteristic and to formulate a definition of “labor potential of the enterprise” on the basis of isolation and systematization of its key (essential) features. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of the studied existing interpretations of the essence of labor potential of the enterprise, their list is systematized into four main approaches to the specification of the semantic basis of this term. On the ground of the application of basic logical methods of concept generation (analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction, generalization), the essential features of this term are identified in terms of content of actions and essential certainty: a set of existing and potential capabilities and abilities of employees; self-realization, effective use, increase and development of opportunities for employees in employment; promoting the achievement of strategic goals of enterprise development. To formulate the definition of “labor potential of the enterprise” the following is suggested: first, a combination of the above three essential features of the labor potential of the enterprise; second, the inclusion of a sign of the possibility of manifestation in the latest changing conditions of the socio-economic environment of enterprises; third, grounding at the same time on the interpretation of the basic concept of “potential”; fourth, taking into account the peculiarities of the four main approaches to the specification of the semantic basis of the term. Based on the above provisions, the essence of the labor potential of the enterprise is formulated, whose difference from the existing ones is a comprehensive consideration of its essential features in terms of essential definition and content of actions, as well as taking into account the possibility of manifestation in the latest changing socio-economic environment.

EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES FOR THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE

This paper reports a study into the trends and patterns of the impact of external labor migration on the effectiveness of the functioning of Ukraine’s labor market, as well as defining those areas where migration processes could be coordinated in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The scale and characteristics of the external labor migration in Ukraine have been considered. A tendency has been identified towards increasing the number of potential labor migrants among the population of Ukraine. The main destinations for migrant workers are the EU, primarily Poland, Italy, and the Czech Republic. It was found that the main labor migrants are men aged 30 to 49 with secondary and secondary specialized education, which indicates a significant outflow of «labor» from Ukraine. The main motives that encourage Ukrainians to work abroad have been determined. The main one has been investigated, related to the low level of wages in Ukraine, which is several times lower than the level of remuneration in the recipient countries. The positive and negative consequences of labor migration for Ukraine as a labor donor country have been given. Among the direct positive consequences, the main ones are the reduction of pressure on the labor market and the decrease in unemployment. Among the negative ones is the migration of the most active part of the labor force, the migration of young people and the most qualified specialists, which causes a shortage of labor in Ukraine’s labor market. The ways to improve the coordination of migration processes have been proposed, in order to preserve the labor potential of this country. The first is to improve the information support of the labor migration management process; the second is to promote economic growth and social development in Ukraine. The implementation of these measures could reduce the motivation for labor migration and provide conditions for the return of migrant workers. Keywords: labor migration, migrant, labor outflow, labor market, migration policy. JEL Classіfіcatіon J45, J61, J69 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 3; bibl.: 23.

The COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on employment of population in Russia (based on the materials of the Vologda region)

The article analyses the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for employment of the population in Russia. The range of issues studied is largely based on previous studies in this area and covers the problems of the spread of remote work, the growth of unemployment, the decline in wages and working hours. Special attention is paid to the sustainability of workers, as well as the state and fulfilment of their labor potential. The information base of the research is presented by a sociological survey conducted on the territory of the Vologda region of Russia in a monitoring mode. The results of the analysis are consistent with the key negative trends in employment during the pandemic: many employees have faced violations of labor rights, delays and non-payment of salaries, the need to find another job. With the backdrop of the deteriorating quality of labor potential, an increase in the pressure of work is identified, which can contribute to the exacerbation of occupational diseases. The paper concluded that it is necessary to find the optimal balance between the nation’s health and economic growth.