Multiscale modeling of ferroelectrics with stochastic grain size distribution

Macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics are controlled by processes on the microscale, in particular the switching of crystal unit cells and the movement of domain walls, respectively. Besides these microscopic levels, the grains of a polycrystalline material constitute the mesoscopic scale. Interactions of grains with statistically distributed orientations, as a consequence of mechanical and electrostatic mismatch, give rise to for example, residual stress which in turn affects domain switching. A multiscale modeling thus has to incorporate at least three interacting scales. In this context, the condensed method has recently been elaborated as an efficient tool with low computational cost and effort of implementation. It is extended toward statistical distributions of grain sizes in a representative material volume element and amended with regard to the modeling of domain evolution. Each of the few parameters of the constitutive approach has a unique physical meaning and is adapted to available experimental values of macroscopic quantities of barium titanate taken from various sources.

A Pipeline DNA Approach Within Fitness-For-Purpose Assessments

Establishing a robust knowledge of material properties forms the basis of any FFP assessment. In light of the revised Federal Pipeline Safety Regulations in the US, operators of gas transmission pipelines are required to possess Traceable, Verifiable and Complete (TVC) records for input into FFP assessments and to support MAOP. ROSEN has been engaged by several operators to reconfirm the MAOP along the full pipeline length using the Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) approach. This is a data integration approach using multiple ILI technologies to detect, identify and quantify the inputs required for a robust FFP assessment. A crucial aspect was the use of TVC material properties in the ECA, in which the RoMat Pipe Grade Sensor (PGS) service was used as the foundation for material property verification, ensuring accurate material properties are used in the ECA. Traditionally, ILI has not been able to provide strength data. However, with the addition of ROSEN’s Pipe Grade Sensor (PGS) technology, pipe populations; defined as a group of pipes with shared material properties and characteristics, can now be reliably identified and a strength grade assigned to each population. New NDT technologies already available on the market allow us to increase the confidence within the population assessment as well as further characterize the populations of pipes. This “Pipeline DNA” approach, incorporating both the PGS technology and in-field material property verification, ensures accurate or representative material properties are used in any future integrity studies. This paper describes the ROSEN approach to “Pipeline DNA”, and how it can be used in combination with material verification as a foundation for FFP assessments in an effort to reconfirm MAOP.

Practical application of synthetic head models in real ballistic cases

In shooting crimes, ballistics tests are often recommended in order to reproduce the wound characteristics of the involved persons. For this purpose, several “simulants” can be used. However, despite the efforts in the research of “surrogates” in the field of forensic ballistic, the development of synthetic models needs still to be improved through a validation process based on specific real caseworks. This study has been triggered by the findings observed during the autopsy performed on two victims killed in the same shooting incident, with similar wounding characteristics; namely two retained head shots with ricochet against the interior wall of the skull; both projectiles have been recovered during the autopsies after migration in the brain parenchyma. The thickness of the different tissues and structures along the bullets trajectories as well as the incident angles between the bullets paths and the skull walls have been measured and reproduced during the assemblage of the synthetic head models. Two different types of models (“open shape” and “spherical”) have been assembled using leather, polyurethane and gelatine to simulate respectively skin, bone and soft tissues. Six shots have been performed in total. The results of the models have been compared to the findings of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) and the autopsy findings.Out of the six shots, two perforated the models and four were retained. When the projectile was retained, the use of both models allowed reproducing the wounds characteristics observed on both victims in terms of penetration and ricochet behaviour. However, the projectiles recovered from the models showed less deformation than the bullets collected during the autopsies. The “open shape” model allowed a better controlling on the shooting parameters than the “spherical” model. Finally, the difference in bullet deformation could be caused by the choice of the bone simulant, which might under-represent either the strength or the density of the human bone. In our opinion, it would be worth to develop a new, more representative material for ballistic which simulates the human bone.

Divine Revelation and the Holy Spirit

Ponder an immediate dilemma. The propositional content of divine revelation generally includes reference to the Trinity, and thus includes reference to the Holy Spirit. To be specific, the Holy Spirit is understood to be a Person in the Trinity, that Person, in contrast to the Father and the Son, who proceeds eternally from the Father. This vision of the triune God is clearly grounded in part in divine revelation. So any appeal to the activity of the Holy Spirit as critical in claims about divine revelation will already assume the existence of the Holy Spirit; hence, the whole operation is prima facie hopelessly circular. We appeal to divine revelation to underwrite claims about the existence of the Spirit as one Person in the Holy Trinity; we then appeal to the Holy Spirit to articulate and underwrite our claims about divine revelation. How can this be? After resolving this dilemma, this chapter proceeds as follows: first, it develops and deploys a schema for thinking through the relation between revelation and the action of the Holy Spirit; secondly, it suggests that representative material on the work of the Holy Spirit systematically operates on a reductionist and narrow range of issues; finally, it offers a diagnosis of what has gone wrong and makes a handful of suggestions for future research.

Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma: A Pre and Intraoperative Diagnostic Challenge. Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign pulmonary tumor of primitive epithelial origin. Because of the unspecific radiological features mimicking malignancies and its histological heterogeneity, the differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors is still challenging. We report our experience of two cases of sclerosing pneumocytoma, as well as a review of the literature. Immunohistochemical findings showed intense staining of the cuboidal epithelial cells for cytokeratin-pool and TTF-1, with focal positivity for progesterone receptors. Round and spindle cells expressed positivity for vimentin, TTF-1 and focally for the progesterone receptor. Cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary pneumocytoma requires the identification of its dual cell population, made up of abundant stromal cells and fewer surface cells. Since the pre- and intraoperative diagnosis should guide surgical decision making, obtaining a sufficient specimen size to find representative material in the cell block is of paramount importance.

Virtual Mini-Lecture in Distance Learning Space

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally affected all the spheres of human life, including education. Universities worldwide have established distance learning, which demanded combining and improving both traditional and innovative education forms. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of pre-recorded mini-lectures in the educational space of distance learningfor different scientific-educational Internet projects (Coursera, PostNauka, Udacity, edX, LinguaLeo, EdEra, etc.). Mini-lectures are complete pieces of speech limited in time and accessible to multiple reproductions; that is why they are quite a representative material for the research of the generation of cognitive processes and perception of a verbal educational message in asynchronous online learning. The significant results of the study include: the definition of invariable characteristics of virtual mini-lectures (distance, virtuality, mediation, situational incorrigibility, multimodality), defining cognitive strategies of the speaker and the listener in an asynchronous lecture interaction, finding the points of contact (motivation and interest in transferring and receiving information) between them. The article also describes the linguistic features of virtual mini-lecture. These conclusions can find practical application in the development of methodology for the distance teaching of linguistic disciplines.

Virtual Mini-Lecture in Distance Learning Space

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally affected all the spheres of human life, including education. Universities worldwide have established distance learning, which demanded combining and improving both traditional and innovative education forms. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of pre-recorded mini-lectures in the educational space of distance learningfor different scientific-educational Internet projects (Coursera, PostNauka, Udacity, edX, LinguaLeo, EdEra, etc.). Mini-lectures are complete pieces of speech limited in time and accessible to multiple reproductions; that is why they are quite a representative material for the research of the generation of cognitive processes and perception of a verbal educational message in asynchronous online learning. The significant results of the study include: the definition of invariable characteristics of virtual mini-lectures (distance, virtuality, mediation, situational incorrigibility, multimodality), defining cognitive strategies of the speaker and the listener in an asynchronous lecture interaction, finding the points of contact (motivation and interest in transferring and receiving information) between them. The article also describes the linguistic features of virtual mini-lecture. These conclusions can find practical application in the development of methodology for the distance teaching of linguistic disciplines.

ESTIMATION PARAMETERS OF POTENTIAL VERESOBORSKY MASSIF AREAS PRODUCTIVITY FOR PRIMARY Pt MINERALIZATION, MIDDLE URALS

The analysis of statistically representative material of lithochemical sampling within Veresoborsky dunite massif revealed a group of correlating chemical elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Bi, Sn, W, Zn) whose accumulation trend coincides with that of Pt. The established pattern enables proposing criteria of comparative evaluation regarding primary Pt mineralization productivity of local areas (0,5-3 km2) in both Veresoborsky massif and its counterparts composed of the Urals Kachkanarsky complex (υO3k) rocks.

Biography of a Painted Wessel from Starčevo: Discovering Layers of Meaning

Scientific interest in the painted pottery of the Starčevo culture in Serbia dates back to the very beginnings of research and the first works on the relative-chronological systematization of the Early and Middle Neolithic of the central Balkans. This paper presents the deconstruction of our established notion of painted ceramics as the ultimate parameter of relative-chronological dating, the most representative material reflection of the cultural identity of the people of Starčevo culture and the highest achievements of Starčevo culture. The paper discusses circumstances and archaeological practices through which this ingrained view and knowledge of painted pottery was formed. The research is based on the analysis of the biography of a painted vessel from the Starčevo-Grad site, having in mind that a detailed life history of an object can shed light on wider phenomena in the archaeological discipline. The aim of this paper is to remind that objects do not have a single essential meaning, but that their meaning shifts and builds through changes in the historical and social context, as well as through changes of actors gathered around certain practices in which the objects are used. The biography of the painted vessel is therefore viewed as a series of assemblages of relations in two planes, through which its identity and layers of meaning were built. The first plane is the Neolithic, in which the focus is on the practices of painting and use, and the second is her life in the role of an archaeological artifact, during which she moves from the sphere of scientific research and musealization to the sphere of negotiating contemporary cultural identities. By applying a new analytical approach, we discovered that this vessel was not very skilfully and carefully painted, and that as such it does not testify to the highest achievements of Starčevo culture, but to a social practice, learning, apprentices and mastering the skill of pottery painting. Therefore, I believe that by reducing painted pottery to relative-chronological parameters and luxury objects, we lose sight of the possibilities through which we can build much more diverse interpretations of the past.

A Study on the Wear Characteristics of Al7075 with Changes in Surface Roughness and Ti Thin Film Deposition Time

Mechanical parts have a problem of wear when used in extreme environments. Aluminum, most used in the industrial field, is a representative material of light weight, but its wear resistance is not good. To resolve the wear problem of such materials, research and development of surface thin film deposition technology has been increasing. Wear resistance was investigated after the Ti thin film was deposited by sputtering, one of the main methods of this technique. The smaller the surface roughness value and the thicker the thin film, the better the wear resistance. However, when a thin film is deposited for a predetermined time or less, the bonding strength with the base metal is lowered and the wear resistance is confirmed as low.