The specific features of the narrative structure of the epilogue to F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel "Crime and Punishment" (to the 200th anniversary of the birth)

The paper examines the narrative structure of the epilogue to the novel "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky. The aim of the study is to describe the techniques employed by the author of the novel to actualise his final speech. The principal methods the research employs include general scientific methods (observation, comparison, and others), general philological methods (contextological, compositional, structural, and others), proper linguistic methods (semantic-stylistic, comparative stylistic, intertextual, and others). To reveal the specific features of the epilogue, the peculiarities of the author’s narration in the main body of "Crime and Punishment" were taken into consideration. In the first place, they are the "telling", dialogical nature, the presence of the author’s final speech. The comparative-contrastive study of the two parts of the epilogue in contrast to the rest of the novel facilitates the determination of the narration uniqueness in the epilogue. The subjective and chronotopic organisation of the final part of "Crime and Punishment" makes the tale move to a different level: the Christian system of coordinates becomes the world view basis of both the author-narrator and the protagonist (lifetime is measured in terms of church holidays, the "mundane" chronotope is replaced by the "Christian" one). The author’s voice in the epilogue is expressed both indirectly and directly, with the help of ironic and dialogic contexts. The author’s stand is manifested in the choice of words as well as in various symbolic details, and numerous references to the preceding contexts, and in the intertextual links of the novel.

Why Does Mary Weep? Emotion and Gender in Advent Lines 164–213 (Advent Lyric VII)

This article re-reads Lyric VII of the poem Advent, the dialogue of Mary and Joseph. The division of speeches in this lyric has been debated, largely on grounds of the plausibility of the emotions that are apparently expressed by the characters, but there are in fact clear pragmatic grounds for seeing only three speeches in the poem. The emotional expression in these speeches should not be seen in terms of character psychology, but rather the establishment and negotiation of relational stances. In her first speech, Mary expresses bitter grief and draws attention to her weeping, which is because of the insults and gossip she is suffering; the accent on shame and reputation is a distinctive emphasis in the poet’s treatment of the material. Her display of grief elicits Joseph’s response and paves the way to resolution in Mary’s final speech. Mary’s tears are gendered, but not so much because tears are inherently feminine as because they are associated with petition and dependence, and reflect Mary’s social subordination to her betrothed spouse. Lyric VII prompts its audience to a partial identification with Mary and reflection on their need for God and his mercy; such identification would work differently for female and male readers.

The November Elections

This chapter outlines the approach of the Venizelists to the November elections, again for a double sized revisionary assembly. Venizelos was forced to improvise in drawing up the Liberal party electoral lists, given the continuing lack of an effective country-wide party organization. The manner of Greek elections had not changed. Examples are given of his recruitment of local notables in the tradition of Greek party politics. The party was formed in his image. The chapter continues with an account of a canvassing trip made by Venizelos, with Metaxas, to Larissa, Karditsa and other towns, and of his final speech in Athens in which he called for political discipline. The result of the 28 November election was, largely because of the main opposition parties' boycott, a great success for the liberal party, giving Venizelos a massive majority in the assembly (307 out of 362 seats) enabling him to get his program implemented.

Language as Action: A Discourse-Stylistic Analysis of Mood Features in Michelle Obama’S Final Speech

This paper aims to examine the stylistic effect of the mood features in Michelle Obama’s final address to the Americans. Anchored on Systemic Functional Linguistics and Discourse Stylistics, it basically focuses on the mood structures and the modality types registered in the speech. The findings disclose that the then U.S. first lady relies more on declarative mood and deontic modality to convey her message. The study thus infers that in her final message to her country citizens, Michelle Obama concentrates on action clauses and behaves as advisor towards women and men, as well as young and adults.

The Political Significance of Luck: A Thucydidean Perspective

Contemporary authorities invoke luck to explain the arbitrariness of economic success, to emphasize our shared vulnerability to disaster, and to urge more generous policy, legislation, and governance. According to Robert Frank, Martha Nussbaum, and Ronald Dworkin, for example, extreme bad luck can befall individuals no matter what they know or do. By redefining luck as a psychological phenomenon (rather than as a constitutive principle of the world), this article challenges the contemporary consensus. My approach to luck arises out of my engagement with the political thought of Thucydides. Whereas influential interpreters present Thucydides as a witness to the crushing power of bad luck, and whereas they criticize Thucydides’ Pericles for being insufficiently deferential to luck, I revisit and defend Pericles’ skeptical and psychological approach to luck, and I argue that Thucydides shares this approach, at least in the main. The pathological intellectual and emotional responses to apparent good or bad luck diagnosed by Pericles in his final speech recur throughout the History and influence the evolution of the whole war. Going beyond Pericles, Thucydides shows that the appeal of luck arises out of a human need to explain, beautify, or lament what is merely natural necessity, haphazard coincidence, or awful suffering.

Rhetorical Analysis of English Speech from the Perspective of Pathos ----Case Study on Michelle Obama's Final Speech at the White House in 2017

Aristotle’s famous theory on rhetoric (Logos, Pathos, Ethos,) is a cornerstone in public speech. The paper would focus on Ethos and its implement in rhetoric devices in public speech. It would make an analysis on Michelle Obama's farewell speech at the White House on its rhetorical applications in lexis, syntax, phonetics and gestures. From the paper, the readers can obtain some experiences for appreciating public speeches and the teachers can find more effective ways in composition teaching of public speech.

Defining Success and Failure

Chapter 12 features Abu Muhammad al-Adnani’s May 2016 speech, ‘That They Live By Proof’, which was translated and published by Islamic State’s al-Hayat Media. At the time of this speech, it was becoming apparent that coalition efforts were taking its toll on the movement. As never before in its history, the Islamic State now had international provinces across the Middle East, Africa, and Asia as well as supporters throughout the West who were willing to assist the movement as online propaganda ‘fanboys’ or terrorists behind enemy lines. Adnani’s speech is significant for three reasons. First, it contrasts the definitions and timelines of success and failure of the Islamic State and its enemies. Second, it reveals how the Islamic State’s leadership tried to prepare its supporters for future losses. Third, as Adnani’s final speech before he was killed in September 2016, it represents a significant signpost in the movement’s history.

The Guerrilla Caliph

Chapter 15 features Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi’s final speech which appeared in an Islamic State video titled ‘In the Hospitality of Amirul-Mu’minin’ on 29 April 2019. Three features are particularly noteworthy. First, Baghdadi uses the speech to demonstrate that he is closely monitoring not only global events and issues but the fortunes of the personnel within his organization. Second, his physical appearance in the video was markedly different to his last appearance in 2014. He was now the guerrilla caliph managing a global insurgency on the run. Third, Baghdadi was projecting his authority as not just Islamic State’s leader but ‘amirul-mu’minin’ (commander of the faithful). Less than six months later, Baghdadi would be killed in a special forces leadership decapitation raid on his hideout in northern Syria. Under his leadership, the Islamic State had become the flagship of the global jihad with provinces around the world.

Closing Speech - Between Theory and Practice

The development of rhetoric in criminal procedure is reflected in every court trial. The right of the parties to present their final speech before the court (Article 406 of the Pol-ish Code of Criminal Procedure) is important for achieving the required verdict. This paper tries to answer the question about the actual extent to which the said regulation is used by the parties to achieve their objectives. The deliberations are based on an analysis of the results of research conducted by the author.