Factors Contributing to Halal Food Fraud in Selangor

This paper attempted to explore the factors that contribute to halal food fraud and possible methods to address this problem. This paper uses a qualitative research approach as well as in-depth interviews with the two enforcement officials from JAIS and KPDNHEP. Based on the interviews, the researcher found that two key factors contributing to halal food fraud are lack of knowledge and halal as a marketing tool. After observing the factors, the researchers hypothesize solutions to the halal fraud epidemic. The study will help to improve the halal industry by solving all halal problems. Keywords: Halal Industry, Food, Fraud, Selangor eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI6.3118

The Significant Impact of Home Pocket Garden on the Quality of Life During the Pandemic Era

Before the pandemic, residents in the Klang Valley tend to prioritize indoor living space to outdoor. This study analyzed the importance of outdoor green space in residential buildings. It consists of two objectives; to identify the type of home pocket gardens used and to evaluate the significant impact of home pocket gardens on the quality of life (QOL) during the pandemic. A survey was conducted using a five-point Likert scale and distributed to three housing communities within the Klang Valley. In conclusion, home pocket gardens provide a positive impact on the QOL during the pandemic. Keywords: Pocket Garden, Quality of Life. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3079

A Systematic Literature Review: Fuel subsidy and consumer environmental awareness in urban road transport

Using a systematic literature review, we explore fuel subsidies and consumer environmental awareness among users in urban road transport. Fuel subsidies given by the government to the public have to some extent brought them to more using own transport as the fuel cost is now cheaper. A growing number of vehicles and usage in the urban road transport sector worldwide has increased CO2 emissions and impact on environment. The misalignment of benefits from the implementation of fossil fuel subsidies and high emissions has grown attention to limit global warming since the Paris Agreement 2015 was signed. Nonetheless, consumer environmental awareness is interesting to bring forward for future research. Keywords: Fuel Subsidy, Consumer Environmental Awareness, Urban Road Transport, Systematic Literature Review eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3097

Household Accounting: A Case Study of Johor State

Household accounting is also known as the financial management of household income and consumption were given attention during this pandemic era. The reason is that the pattern of spending among households plays an important role in ensuring the financial stability and sustainability of households, especially during a crisis. During the inflation phenomenon, purchasing power decreases despite the increase or constant in the value of household income. A significant amount of the consumption among households is finances through debt. Malaysia’s household debt to GDP is among the highest in Asia that exceeded several high-income nations, including the United States and Japan. The household-to-GDP ratio was 86.9% in 2015 and increased to 87.5% as of June 2020. The increase especially during the contraction of nominal GDP and economic crisis because of the Covid-19 pandemic is indeed very alarming. Therefore, consumers need to keep track of their income and spending behavior to help them to become more resilient, despite the economic crisis. This study attempts to investigate the pattern of managing household accounting, specifically consumption and income among Johor citizens. For this study, the secondary data was collected through the Report of Statistics Department for the year 2019. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out to investigate the patterns of consumption among three income groups: B40, M40, and T20. Consumptions were divided into 13 groups of necessities and non-necessities household expenses. The result showed that across the three groups, housing and utility expenses are the highest consumptions followed by food and non-alcoholic beverages. Group B40 is the lowest income group among the three consumed more than the other two groups for both types of expenses. One possible explanation could be this group has more members in the household as compared to the other two groups. However, a more detailed analysis of this fact should be carried out in the future to understand why it is so. This study is limited only to Johor state. A future in-depth study could widen the sample to the whole of Malaysia to better understand the general pattern of consumption of Malaysian households. By understanding the pattern of consumption, we could help the household to better manage their spending, prioritize their consumption, and hope to help them to save some for future use. Keywords: household, household accounting, income, consumption eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3081

Addressing Offshore Tax Evasion Challenges in the Rising of Digitalization Economy

Countries worldwide have lost billions of dollars in tax revenue due to tax evasion on income from offshore bank accounts. This has become an increasing challenge in a rising digital economy, necessitating advanced measures to combat offshore tax evasion. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview and critical analysis of the approaches taken by the United States, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia to curb offshore tax evasion strategies used by multinational corporations and individual taxpayers. This paper employs library-based doctrinal study and comparative legal analysis in a descriptive, analytic provision, and prescriptive manner. Keywords: Offshore Tax Evasion, Tax Loopholes, Law Reform eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3019

Business Entities' Liability for 'Associated Persons' Corruption: Key Reflections

Section 17A of the Malaysian Anti -Corruption Commission Act 2009 imposes liability on business entities and their management if persons associated with them offer a bribe for their benefit. It provides a new regulatory capture to the meaning ‘Associated Person’ and corporate liability. This doctrinal research highlights the associated person legal framework that business entities should take cognisance of and incorporate in business operations. A comparative approach is undertaken to investigate how other jurisdictions deal with the issue. The study’s findings are significant to Malaysia’s business entities in curbing the associated person’s corruption acts. Keywords: corporate liability; associated person; corporate corruption; risk assessment eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3091

Investigating the Impact of QoL Program on Public Spaces

Two primary objectives of the Saudi QoL program are Improving individuals` lifestyles by developing new approaches that boost residents` participation in cultural, entertainment, and sports activities. The second is enhancing the quality of life by creating activities that contribute to diversifying economic activity and boosting the status of sustainable development plans of Saudi Arabian cities are. Improving and adapting open public spaces and streets in the city of Riyadh into pedestrian-friendly ones and fewer cars' dependent can do much change and help accomplish the country's vision. In this regard, the main research goal is to investigate the reflections of the QoL program on the urban and social life in Riyadh neighborhoods with a focus on the quality of public spaces to promote social activities and walkability as the prime physical activity of neighborhoods residents. The research follows mixed methods for its different parts. The research followed a qualitative approach is in the theoretical studies and literature review. The research involves a quantitative analysis for the research survey, which investigates factors affecting the community's tendency to use public spaces and practice walkability as a main physical activity in their daily lives within their neighborhoods. The research significance is to link the national perspective of QoL and international best practices in placemaking and public spaces according to their global initiatives and the UN-Habitat Public Space program launched in 2020. On that track reducing the dependence on autos and encouraging physical activities and walkability among all community members. The research outcomes will help transform Riyadh Neighborhoods into more pedestrian-friendly urban public spaces by concluding the main parameters and their responsive design solutions to promote community tendency of using public spaces and practice walkability. The research provides recommendations for developing public spaces and pedestrian infrastructure to encourage the city planners to bear that in mind in the early stage in planning transportation infrastructure, an appropriate level of pedestrian service must be established and provided across the roading hierarchy and path network. In addition, the research results include proposing design guidelines for different members of the community, older people, children, and disabled people. Scope of work and limitations: This research's main scope of implementation is the residential neighborhood Al-Falah in the City of Riyadh, yet the suggested strategies and design guidelines could be extended and applied to most cities of Saudi Arabia and beyond. Keywords: Quality of life, Public Space, Saudi Vision 2030, walkability, neighborhood design eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3024

Determining Controllability Level of Project Issues in Malaysian Landscape Architectural Project

The study aims to examine current project issues and the level of controllability in Malaysian landscape architecture projects. The data collection fieldwork was conducted via a semi-structured interview with twenty-four landscape architect professionals based in Klang Valley region. Content and thematic analysis were used to analyse the collected data. Found that project issues are controllable if the project is capable of anticipating and treating them in advance. Nonetheless, issues continue to occur as a result of insufficient action taken in response to predicted issues affecting project outcomes. Study recommends developing a process for systematically forecasting, evaluating, and treating future issues. Keywords: landscape architecture; project issues; controllability; Malaysia eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3053

Indoor Thermal Assessment of Medium-Cost House in Arid Climate

An environmental responsive design of building internal spaces is important criteria and should be taken into account in the pre-design stage of the residential buildings. This study aims to analyze the existing spatial spaces of a residential building in terms of thermal performance in a dry desert climate area. Temperature data loggers were utilized in the duplex house. Results indicate that wall exposure, window size, floor level and orientation play are the key to designing a friendly environment of internal spaces. The neighbourhood fabric has an important role in terms of shadows and time of direct exposure to radiation. Keywords: Indoor house, Arid climate, Air temperature, spatial design eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3076

The Role of ‘Sense of Place’ in the Revitalisation of Heritage Street: the case of George Town, Penang, Malaysia.

In revitalising heritage sites, understanding ‘sense of place’ is important as it represents a layering of histories, tangible heritage, and intangible heritage. This study examines the relationship between local communities and the cultural heritage in George Town World Heritage Site, Malaysia. Semi-structured interviews with local communities, observations and digital photo analysis were conducted. It is in the intricacies of intangible heritage practices and their authentic expression, the local communities feel attached to and claim ownership of the place. Understanding this and how it translates into the site's stewardship is critical in protecting its value, management, and ongoing revitalisation. Keywords: Sense of Place; Urban Revitalisation; Heritage Street; World Heritage Site eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i18.3080