SCHEDULING WORK UNDER INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT USING THE METHOD OF UNCERTAIN RESOURCE COEFFICIENTS

Introduction: Planning integrated development of a residential area involves determining the composition of the objects to be built and creating an appropriate integration mechanism, backed up by a generalized work schedule. The existing methods of forming integrated work schedules do not use a systemic approach, based on a universal mathematical model, to describe the organizational and technological aspects of construction. Methods: The present study uses the method of uncertain resource coefficients to demonstrate a mechanism for systemically describing organizational and technological construction processes. We present a way of adapting this method to forming a generalized construction schedule during integrated development. The proposed adaptation mechanism is based on managing schedule calculations by rationally influencing the elements of the linear equation system that describes the organizational and technological processes. Results and Discussion: The solutions presented in the paper are fully consistent with the calculations obtained by different flow methods of organizing construction, as well as with the critical path method used in project management programs. The method described in the paper has been implemented in well-known project management software, Microsoft Project, as a macro program in the Visual Basic for Applications programming language, making it possible to form, calculate, and optimize a schedule for integrated territory development using the unified software toolkit.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORMAL REACTIONS ON THE QUANTOMOBILE WHEELS

Introduction: The progress of science has made it possible to create new quantum engines (QEs) powered by physical vacuum energy. A QE will generate a vector-based propulsive force, or thrust, applicable to the vehicle body directly, with no transmission required. Traditional cars will be upgraded with QEs and thus converted into quantomobiles. QE thrust application at the point of the vehicle body, hovering above the bearing surface, introduces changes in the traditional diagram of forces acting on the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the influence of thrust on the longitudinal stability of the quantomobile. Methods: In the course of the study, we upgraded the diagram of forces acting on the traditional vehicle, by introducing QE thrust (bearing in mind vehicle hovering above the bearing surface). We also developed a corresponding mathematical model for the distribution of the normal reactions on the wheels, taking into account QE placement. Results: Among the developed calculation complexes to perform a qualitative analysis of the influence of force factors on the quantomobile chassis load, a complex representing the longitudinal thrust and the thrust height was distinguished. Discussion: These complexes may serve as the basis of calculation units for more detailed programming, analysis, and synthesis of the design of vehicles with QEs, assessment of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle, optimization of QE placement in the quantomobile body. Example: The method developed is presented using a quantomobile similar to a KamAZ-4326 automobile. Conclusion: The considered diagram of forces acting on a quantomobile, including QE thrust above the bearing surface, shall become generic for force diagrams of quantomobiles with additional thrusters intended to increase the longitudinal stability of the vehicle.

STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF A WATER INTAKE FACILITY FOR MOUNTAIN AND SUBMOUNTAIN RIVERS

Introduction: The rate of urbanization is currently high. Therefore, it is important to use various elements and devices for water intake and water supply. Purpose of the study: We aimed to consider and analyze the structural features of a water intake facility for mountain and submountain rivers. Methods: In the course of the study, we used the synergistic research principle and statistical analysis. We analyzed the types of water supply networks at mountain rivers and identified the features of water intakes at water sources of this type. Results: A description of water intake features under flood conditions in the Amur Region, exemplified by the Bureya River, was obtained. The mountain rivers have an uneven runoff, which fluctuates not only throughout the year but also throughout the day. The water supply of the mountain and submountain areas shapes the idea of hydrological control over the regime of the mountain rivers. This paper will help to study changes in the average water inflow over the years and thus facilitate an accurate and detailed description of the water inflow characteristics in the Bureya reservoir when planning the water-energy modes of the hydroelectric power plant.

A STUDY ON SUDDEN EXPANSION HYDRODYNAMIC PHENOMENA OCCURRING IN CYLINDRICAL PIPES

Introduction: This paper studies the frequency with which hydrodynamic parameters change in the sudden expansion section of axisymmetric pressure flow, based on the boundary layer equations. Methods: The suggested method reveals the regularity of changes in the hydrodynamic parameters of the flow in the transitional area, making it possible to obtain a velocity profile in any cross-section under common initial and boundary conditions. Based on the general solutions, we studied the hydrodynamic processes occurring in the transitional area of the effective sudden cross-section expansion within the axisymmetric pressure movement, in the following cases: a) when the velocity is constant at any point of the inlet face; b) when the velocity is distributed along the inlet face according to the parabolic law. Our calculations were carried out for different values of the expansion factor. Results: Based on the results of the computer-aided experimental study, we obtained velocity diagrams along the length of the transitional area with constant and parabolic velocity distributions for fluid inflowing into the expanded section. We also determined the patterns of pressure distribution along the length of the relevant section.

APPLICATION OF ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR BENDING BEAMS IN THE METHOD OF MOVEMENT

Introduction: Usually, to analyze statically indeterminate rod systems, the classical displacement method and preprepared tables for two types of rods of the main system are used. A mathematically correct representation of local loads with the use of generalized functions makes it possible to find an accurate solution of the differential equation for the equilibrium of a beam exposed to an arbitrary transverse load. Purpose of the study: We aimed to obtain analytical expressions for functions of deflection, rotation angles, transverse forces, and bending moments depending on four types of local loads for beams with different boundary conditions, so as to apply accurate solutions in the displacement method. Methods: We propose an analytical form of the displacement method to analyze rod structural models. For beams exposed to different types of transverse load (uniformly distributed force, concentrated force, or a couple of forces), accurate analytical solutions were obtained for functions of deflection, bending moments, and transverse forces at different types of beam ends’ restraint. This is possible due to the fact that concentrated load and load in the form of the moment of force can be specified by using unit column functions. By transforming Mohr’s integrals, using integration by parts, we show that the system of canonical equations of the displacement method was obtained based on the Lagrange principle. Results: Based on the analysis of a statically indeterminate frame, the effectiveness of the proposed analytical method is shown as compared with the classical displacement method.

IMPACT OF SCULPTURES IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN: CASE OF GREATER IQBAL PARK, LAHORE

Introduction: A landscaped area is always appealing when designed according to a certain theme and purpose, as is the case with the sculptures in the Greater Iqbal Park. Purpose of the study: We aimed to analyze the influence of ornamental sculptures on people visiting the Greater Iqbal Park situated in Lahore, Pakistan. The objective was to evaluate the importance of the sculptures’ presence in the park, to review the visitors’ opinions on the subject, and to analyze how the sculptures blend in with other elements of the park. Methods: An important aspect of the study is the combination of data collected through observations, pictures, and questionnaires. Results and discussion: 65% of visitors to the park are satisfied with the sculptures’ placement and the lighting around them. The sculptures depicting a bent tree, birds, musical instruments, and a peacock are aesthetically pleasing and alluring for the visitors. The reliefs reference art from the Mughal era, and the material is durable, tough, and weather-resistant. Conclusions: The visitors like to have sculptures in the park, which increases the park’s appeal, especially for children, who can learn visual lessons about shapes and history. The study will help designers with creating variety and inspiring interest through sculptures, especially those related to historical events and complementing their surroundings.

AERODYNAMIC STABILITY OF BRIDGES WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL DAMPING

Introduction: Structural damping is one of the most important parameters affecting the aerodynamic stability of bridge structures. Purpose of the study: We aimed to assess the effect that structural damping of a bridge structure has on its stability in a wind current. Methods: In the course of the study, we performed experimental studies of the aerodynamic stability in typical girder bridge structures (with two and four main girders) with different levels of structural damping, facilitated by a unique experimental unit: Large Research Gradient Wind Tunnel, courtesy of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (NRU MGSU). Results: The results of the experimental studies show that, despite the general trend towards the decrease in the amplitude of bridge span structure oscillations as the structural damping level increases, the dependence between these parameters is nonlinear. When providing R&D support in the design of real-life structures, in case it is necessary to increase the aerodynamic stability of the superstructure by increasing the level of structural damping (changing the type of joints in structural elements, using mechanical damping devices), it is recommended to conduct experimental studies in wind tunnels to assess the effectiveness of a given solution.

PRESERVING IDENTITY OF HISTORICAL ENVIRONMENTS IN SIBERIA: A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction: Currently, the projects related to the development of identical historical environments in Siberia, Russia, are predominately inconsistent. Yet there is an opportunity to find a more holistic approach to sustaining local heritage, which could address local cultures and identities through an understanding of how the location, as well as specific spatial and architectural practices, evolve. Purpose of the study: The study aimed to establish a theoretical and methodological framework for sustaining the local identity in architectural terms. Methods: According to the methodological recommendations of Groat and Wang, such methods as critical literature review and logical argumentation were used. Results: The research came to the conclusion that the city identity can be unfolded through two or more congruent layers of existence. This study deals with architectural heritage and society as two types of such layers. It suggests that the local identities of historical environments could be sustained by a combination of the following methods: 1) looking to the past, through analyzing the city’s fabric and searching for “social traces” and semiotic meanings; 2) looking to the future, through using participatory design methods. This methodology should be further tested on specific historical environments in Siberia. The critical literature review will provide researchers and practitioners in the field with a fundamental theoretical framework.

SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT PERMIT ACQUISITION (ARMENIA)

Introduction: Sustainability is becoming more integrated into different fields in many countries. Architecture and urban development are no exception. International agreements, charters, and national strategies have already been adopted around the world. Nonetheless, the relevant procedures and applications are just as important. In Armenia, despite the existence of several National Standard upgrades and the development of the Buildings’ Energy Passport, there is still no building sustainability assessment system. Methods: This article analyzes development documentation, particularly the application form and acquisition of design permits, in terms of its sustainability, based on legal research, the Developers Guide, and the author’s own professional experience. Results and discussion: This analysis shows that generally, applications and permits include sustainable aspects, but need several improvements in order to make development more sustainable. In turn, the main issues affecting the process are timing, communication, and project presentation capacity.

EARLY CRIMEAN KHANATE SETTLEMENTS AS THE PRECURSORS OF THE TOWN OF BAKHCHYSARAI

Introduction: This paper analyzes the formation and development of major medieval settlements that emerged in the 14th–16th century within the boundaries of the modern Bakhchysarai. We studied written and archaeological sources to examine the evolution and structure of these settlements, and provide a general overview of the surviving architectural ensembles and landmarks. Bakhchysarai, the former capital of the Crimean Khanate, is one of those Crimean settlements where the medieval planning structure of the old town and the original organic links to the natural landscape survive to this day. Purpose of the study: We aimed to identify the historical background and specifics of how the Old Town and the surrounding historical complexes formed in Bakhchysarai. Our research involved examining historical, archaeological, and contemporary scientific sources and written media, as well as selecting and analyzing theoretical works, normative documents, and architectural designs relevant to the subject at hand. When making a systemic summary of the data that we examined, we used the following methods: structural and functional analysis, synthesis, deduction, generalization, and the comparative historical method. Results: Our findings show that, at the early stages of statehood in the Crimean Khanate, several settlements thrived in the region: Eski Yurt, which started out as a cultural, administrative, and economic hub and eventually became a major religious center; Qırq Yer, an ancient fortified cave settlement that survived into the early 20th century; and the Salacık settlement at the foot of Çufut Qale, which became the most direct precursor of the new capital in Bakhchysarai. The ruins of these settlements are part of the modern Bakhchysarai’s cultural heritage; they lie within its boundaries and greatly influence its modern appearance.