MDPV “high-responder” rats also self-administer more oxycodone than their “low-responder” counterparts under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda M. Gannon ◽  
Kenner C. Rice ◽  
Kevin S. Murnane
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
High Responder ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio Schedule ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Low Responder

Increasing Slowed Operant Responding of Schizophrenics under a Fixed-Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
Harold Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio Schedule ◽  
Operant Responding ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Minimum Number

Two procedures were evaluated in terms of their ability to modify the slowed responding of schizophrenics under an FR 40 schedule. FR 40 response rates increased when schizophrenics were instructed to earn a minimum number of reinforcements or to imitate the rate of responding of someone shown earning that minimum number of reinforcements. The greater increase in FR 40 responding occurred under the latter procedure.

A note on the preference of sheep for whole or crushed grains and seeds

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Hutson ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Ratio Schedule ◽  
Fixed Ratio Schedule ◽  
Schedule Of Reinforcement ◽  
Preferred Foods ◽  
Reinforcement Value ◽  
To Receive

ABSTRACTAn operant conditioning technique was used to determine whether the reinforcement value of grains and seeds preferred by sheep could be increased by crushing the food. Five sheep were trained to press a plate to receive a food reward. The rate of pressing on a progressive fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement was used as a measure of reinforcement value. Five foods were tested: barley, wheat, oats, lupins and peas. Crushing the foods had no effect on rate of pressing, whereas there was a great deal of variation between sheep and between foods. The preferred foods were wheat and barley.

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